GOLGOTHA — Friday, 27 April, 31 A.D. E-Book

Doru-Petru Dugan

• Herausgeber: tredition
• Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1085

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

The purpose of this monograph is to establish the true date of Christ' s Crucifixion from the Old and New Testaments, based on Daniel's Seventy-Week Prophecy ( Daniel 9:24-27), and in the light of the historical and the existing archaeological evidence. Numerous authors have written books and articles on this subject, but the present study is self-contained inasmuch as it neither imitates nor complements such studies, but rather goes beyond them to provide a sui generis and exhaustive analysis. The book is primarily aimed at those working in the fields of theology, biblical chronology, history, archaeology, ancient astronomy, and patristics, be they scholars, pastors, teachers, or students, and secondly at Christians in general who, though they might not possess specialist knowledge, wish to receive the word of God in the spirit of humility and godliness practised in apostolic Christianity.

Leseprobe

GOLGOTHA

Friday, 27 April, 31 A.D.

Chronological investigation

by

Doru-Petru Dugan

Copyright: © 2022 Doru-Petru Dugan

Publisher: tredition GmbH, An der Strusbek 10, 22926 Ahrensburg

Softcover

978-3-347-78602-8

Hardcover

978-3-347-78603-5

E-Book

978-3-347-78609-7

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher and author.

CONTENTS

Preface

List of Abbreviations

PART ONE: The Dating of Messiah’s Killing in the Old Testament

Introduction

Chapter I. The Messianic Oracle in the Book of Daniel

1. Generalities

2. Text of the ‘Seventy Weeks’ prophecy

3. Interpretation of the Oracle ( ´´Sixty-nine Weeks´´ )

3.1. Analysis of Daniel 9:25-26a (vocalic text)

3.2. The decree to rebuild Jerusalem

A) The first decree,

B) The second decree,

C) The third decree,

D) The fourth decree,

3.2.1. The accession to the throne of Artaxerxes I

3.2.2. Datings for Artaxerxes I’s reign

A) ´´Lists of Archons / Consuls / Olympiads´´ (see Annex II /3.1; 3.2; 3.3)

B) ´´Ptolomy’s Canon´´ (see Annex II/4 )

C) ´´J. Africanus’ Chronography´´

D) ´´ Eusebius’ Chronicle´´

E) ´´Achaemenid documents´´

E.1) ´´Astronomical Diaries´´

E.2) ´´Tablets from Babylonia´´

E.3) ´´Persepolis Tablets´´

E.4) ´´Mons Basanites Graffiti´´

E.5) ´´Stele from Syene´´

E.6) ´´Aramaic Papyri of Elephantine´´

3.2.3. The 20th regnal year of Artaxerxes I

A) Particulars of Artaxerxes I’s regnal years

B) The Reckoning of Nehemiah

Chapter II. Notions of Chronological Computation

1. The ´´Messianic prophetic Week´´

2. Calculation of the Oracle’s length

2.1. The Method of the ´´Ideal Years´´

2.2. Appendix. - Terminus intermedius

2.3. The Method of the ´´Sabbatical Cycles´´

PART TWO: The Dating of Messiah’s Killing in the New Testament

Exordium

Chapter III. The Evangelical Chronology of the Life of Jesus

1. The Birth of Jesus

1.1 ´´The Star of Bethlehem´´

1.2. ´´The Death of Herod´´

1.3 ´´The Census of Augustus´´

1.4 The Date of the Nativity

2. The Ministry of Jesus

2.1. The Beginning of Jesus’ Ministry

2.1.1 The Baptism of Jesus

2.1.2. The Age of Jesus

2.2 The Length of Jesus’ Ministry

2.2.1. Chronological Reference Points

A) The Passover in the first year (of Ministry)

B) The Passover in the second year

C) Passover on the third year

D) Passover in the last year

< The Attributes of Jesus >

a) Jesus is Messiah/Christ

b) Jesus - Christ is Messiah – King.

c) Jesus - Christ is the Messiah - High Priest

d) Jesus is the Son of God.

e) Jesus is the Son of Man

< ´´The Passion Week´´ >

< Contiguous events >

PART THREE

Chapter IV. Calendar Structure of the Oracle

1. Technical Appendix

2. Schema of the Oracle

3. Epilogue: Chronological Summary

4. COROLLARY

ANNEX I

1. The theories of Anderson, Hoehner, and Hughes

2. Traditional Methods of calculating the Oracle’s length

2.1. Critique of the calculation using the classical prophetic week

a) Variant I < Ezra - 459/458 B.C. >

b) Variant II < Ezra - 457 B.C. >

c) Variant III < Nehemiah - 455 B.C. >

d) Variant IV < Nehemiah - 454 B.C. >

e) Procedure < J. Africanus - 444 B.C. >

2.2. Balance sheet of the calculations with historical years

ANNEX II

1. Calendrical considerations

a) The Babylonian Calendar

b) The Egyptian Calendar

c) The Persian Calendar

d) The Macedonian Calendar

e) The Roman Calendar

f) The Hebrew / Jewish Calendar

2. Chronological systems

3. Eras of Antiquity

3.1. List of Archons

3.2. List of Consuls

3.3. The Era of Olympiads - ´´OL´´

3.4. The Era from the foundation of Rome - ´´A.U.C´´

3.5. The Seleucid Era - ´´A.S.´´

3.6. Additional Eras

3.6.1. The Era of Creation - ´´A.M.´´

3.6.2. The Era of Abraham - ´´A. Abr.´´

3.6.3. The Era of Nabonassar - ´´A.N.´´

3.7. The Sabbatical Cycles

3.8. The Christian Era - ´´A.D.´´

4. Ptolemy’s Canon

5. Astronomical Algorithms

6. Addendum

Bibliography