Green Roof Systems E-Book

Susan Weiler

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 420

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Green Roof Systems goes beyond the fashionable green roof movement and provides solid information on building accessible space, often as important public space, over structure. It offers brief coverage of the entire process, including planning and collaboration, and focuses on the technical aspects of these roof systems, their components, and their applications.

Leseprobe

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Weiler, Susan K., 1955-

Green roof systems : a guide to the planning, design and construction of landscapes over structure / Susan K. Weiler, Katrin Scholz-Barth.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-471-67495-5 (cloth)

1. Green roofs (Gardening) 2. Green roofs (Gardening)—Design and construction.

I. Scholz-Barth, Katrin, 1967- II. Title.

SB419.5.W45 2009

635.9'671—dc22

2008027942

The following images are used with permission from OLIN Partnership, Ltd.: 1-4, 1-8, 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 1-17b, 3-1a-c, 3-2b, 3- 3a-b, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 3-11, 3-12, 3-13a-c, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-17, 4-5a-b, 4-6, 4-7, 4- 8, 4-9a-b, 4- 10, 4-11, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14a-b, 4- 15a-b, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20, 421, 4-22, 4-23a-c, 4-24, 4-25a-b, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8a-b, 5-9, 5-10a-c, 511, 5-12, 5-20a-b, 5-21a-b, 5-22, 6-2, 6-3, 6-8, 6-9, 6-28, 6-29, 6-30, 6-34, 6-35, 6-36, 7-1, 7-2a-c, 7- 3a-d, 7-4, 7-5, 7-9, 7-10a-c, 7-12, 7-16a, 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6a-b, 8-7, 8-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, 8- 13, 8-14, 8-15, 8-16, 8-17, 8-18 a-b, 8-19 a-b, 8-23, 8-25a-b, 8-26, 8-27, 8-28, 8-29, 8-30, 8-31, 8-32, 8-33, 8-34, 8-36a-b, 8-37, 8-41, 8-42, 8-44, 8-46, 8-47, 8-48, 8-50, 8- 57, 8-58, 8-59, 8-60, 861, 8-62(S. Benz), 8-63, 8-64, 8-65, 8-66, 8-67, 8-69, 8-70, 8-72, 8-73, 8-74, 8-75, 8-76, 8-77, 8-82, 8-83, 8-84a-b, 8-85, 8-86, 10-2a, and 10-9.

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Chapter 1: Replenishing Our Diminishing Resources: Integrating Landscape and Architecture

Defining and Redefining the Roof: Traditional Roofs and Green Roof Systems

Designing with Nature

Roof as Floor

Coming to Terms with a Green Roof

Application of Living Green Roofs

Application of Landscapes over Structure

Maintaining Healthy Cities

Summary

Endnotes

Chapter 2: Beyond the Property Line: Ecological, Economic, Spatial, and Social Benefits of Green Roof Systems

From Green to Gray: The Effects of Urbanization

Stormwater and the Hydrological Cycle

The Special Problems of Cities and Decentralized Stormwater Management Practices

Summary

Endnotes

Chapter 3: Envisioning Green Roof Systems: From City Scale to Project Scale

Collaborators and Their Role: Initiating and Realizing the Vision

Planning and Design Process

Summary

Chapter 4: Green Roof Systems at the Project Scale: Site and Architectural Considerations

Merging Landscape and Architecture

Enhancing the Integration of Transit and Parking

Surface, Structured, and Underground Parking

Early Planning and Design Considerations for Green Roof Systems

Summary

Chapter 5: Considerations in Developing Structural Systems for Green Roof Systems

Early Planning and Design Considerations

Basic Structural Principles and Considerations in Design, Documentation, and Building of a Landscape over Structure

Defining Key Structural Considerations: Loads and Basic Structural Principles

Summary

Endnotes

Chapter 6: Component Parts: Inert and Dynamic

Understanding System Components

Inert Components

Dynamic Components: Soils, Soil Mixes, Growing Media, Plants, and Irrigation

Summary

Endnotes

Chapter 7: Putting the Parts Together: The Design and Documentation Process

Early Project Phases

Putting the Parts Together

Summary

Chapter 8: The Bidding and Construction Process

Bidding, Negotiation, and Award of Contract

Value Engineering

Construction and Administration of the Construction Contract

Summary

Chapter 9: Minimizing, Managing, and Insuring Risk

Assessing and Spreading the Risk

Managing Risk: Avoiding Fundamental Problems

Summary

Endnotes

Chapter 10: Maintenance Requirements and Performance Evaluation

Project Conditions and Specific Maintenance Requirements

Responsibility for Maintenance During Construction

General Maintenance and Care of Green Roof Systems

Maintenance Requirements for Green Roof Systems

Summary

Wiley Books on Sustainable Design

Index

I dedicate this book to my partners Laurie Olin, Dennis McGlade, Lucinda Sanders, Robert Bedell, and David Rubin for their extraordinary contribution of knowledge and experience reflected in this book—and for their support in my undertaking this publication.

Many thanks to Rob Schaeffer, Nathan Charlton, Michael Nairn, Jacob Weiler, Jeff Bruce, Sue Campbell, Rick Mitchell, Daneil Mazone, Sahar Coston, Jeremy Jordan, Julia Schmidt, Andrew Tetrault, and most of all, Katrin Scholz-Barth.

Susan K. Weiler

Thanks to Paul Schwedtke, Jorg Baumhauer, Scott Wallace, Curtis Sparks, Daniel Howell, Paul Watson, Stew Comstock, Bill Hunt, Nathan Hultman, Sandy Mendler, Bill Odell, Chip Crawford, Stephanie Tanner, Margaret Cummins, and Amy Zarkos. I also thank Louise Liu, Pamela Sams, Diane Holdorf, Chris Morrison, Margot Curran, and Sigi Koko.

Writing this book would not have been possible without the support of my family. I thank my husband Kai-Henrik for his support and my most amazing son Per-Niklas for his patience with his mommy. My parents are simply the best! Finally, I owe deep gratitude to my co-author Susan K. Weiler whose relentless energy, commitment and perseverance I greatly admire. Susan became a dear friend in the process. Thanks, Susie, for sticking this out with me.

Katrin Scholz Barth

Chapter 1

Replenishing Our Diminishing Resources: Integrating Landscape and Architecture

The world is a glorious bounty.

—Ian L. McHarg, Design with Nature

The technology and materials for vegetating roofs and creating usable open spaces over structure have been known for centuries. Since 4000 BC, practitioners of building and agriculture have utilized the knowledge and materials of their time to construct sacred places such as ziggurats, simple vegetated roofs, and remarkable gardens over elevated surfaces.

The building green movement is not new, nor is the practice of using natural resources responsibly to sustain life and encourage the regeneration of natural resources.

In the last five years, the term green roof has taken on ecological and social significance beyond its seemingly simplistic description. As commonly understood, the term has become an epithet for the reduction of pollution and urban heat islands, for large-scale mitigation of stormwater runoff, and for maximum utilization of urban land.

Justifiably, the concept of the green roof as a way to add pervious surface and usable open space without taking up additional land is easy to understand and should be equally easy to implement. Consequently, many clients, municipalities, architects, landscape architects, and planners have come to consider them as an integral element of sustainable building practice.

More recently, many European municipalities have mandated the incorporation of green roof systems as standard building practice. Even without legislative mandate, landscape architects and architects have, with the personal will and mandate of their clients, successfully built numerous green roofs as stormwater management systems and as comfortable, accessible, open spaces over structure. This has happened without fanfare, perhaps because many of these spaces have been imperceptibly integrated with the architecture and surrounding urban fabric, and perhaps because much of what sustains green roof functionality is invisible to the user.

Most roofs as we know them, however, are not invisible, and as cities grow so do the number and sizes of rooftops. So too does the amount of land used for roads, parking lots, and pavement. At issue is the fact that conventional rooftops and paved surfaces are impermeable, which in turn affects the quality of our water and air. The use of more and more land for building affects the way we live. As our cities grow we need to be thoughtful about how we use our limited natural assets.

FIGURE 1-1 Gardens at the United Nations, viewed from the East River, illustrate extensive portions built over the FDR Drive.

One of many strategies for replenishing our diminishing resources and integrating landscape and architecture is the green roof, and its wide-scale utilization is the focus of this book.

FIGURE 1-2 Outside Geneva, Switzerland, where vast meadows grow over the roof of a reservoir, a rich palette of plants provide a diversity of habitats for insects and small animals, as well as nesting places for birds.

FIGURE 1-3 Even a small individual effort can help ameliorate the negative impacts of unplanned development and urban growth in the Netherlands. (Photo: Joyce Lee)

This book aims to provide a comprehensive, systems-based approach to understanding, designing, and constructing green roof systems in an urban environment. The following chapters will: