Ground Rules in Humanitarian Design E-Book

Alice Min Soo Chun

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: AD Reader
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 398

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Delve deep into the complex issues surrounding humanitarian design

Ground Rules in Humanitarian Design establishes essential foundations for thinking about humanitarian design and its role in global change. Outlining a vital framework for designing for impoverished and disaster-stricken communities, this informative guide explores the integration of culture, art, architecture, economy, ecology, health, and education. Experts on land, health, water, housing, education, and planning weigh in with best practices and critical considerations during the design process, and discussion of the environmental considerations and local materials/skills will broaden your understanding of this nuanced specialty. Richly illustrated, this guide combines graphic documentation of projects, maps, and data-tracking developments from Asia, Africa, and the Americas to underscore the complexities of this emerging and evolving field.

The ambition to provide humanitarian architecture for areas in acute need is driving design innovation worldwide among both practitioners and educators. This book provides an indispensable resource for those engaged in the search for the sustainable inclusion of cultural code and compassion as a technology for design innovation.

• Learn how to approach the problem of humanitarian design
• Understand the cultural factors that play into development
• Develop a new framework for planning post-disaster design
• See how humanitarian design is pushing the industry forward

While still in college, students are being given the opportunity to directly participate in programmes that provide vital facilities for communities abroad. While these international initiatives remain largely ad hoc, this book provides parameters for engagement and establishes best practices for approaching these projects with a global perspective. With expert insight and practical strategies on the ground, Ground Rules in Humanitarian Design is an essential resource for architects at any level.

Leseprobe

Ground Rules forHumanitarian Design

Edited by

Alice Min Soo Chun and Irene E Brisson

The editor and the publisher gratefully acknowledge the people who gave their permission to reproduce material in this book. While every effort has been made to contact copyright holders for their permission to reprint material, the publishers would be grateful to hear from any copyright holder who is not acknowledged here and will undertake to rectify any errors or omissions in future editions.

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ISBN 978-1-118-36159-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-118-36144-3 (ebk) ISBN 978-1-118-36143-6 (ebk)

Executive Commissioning Editor: Helen Castle Project Editor: David Sassian Assistant Editor: Calver Lezama

Design by Artmedia, London

Front cover image: Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 2013. Rebuilt and remaining structures in informal settlements three years after the earthquake. © Damian Fitzsimmons.

Acknowledgements

Ground Rules for Humanitarian Design began as a discussion with students and faculty at Columbia University and became a much larger dialogue with students and faculty at Parsons The New School for Design. The global disasters caused by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the 2012 Kamaishi earthquake and tsunami in Japan and the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines had struck a cord in all of us. We could no longer stand by and watch what was happening to the environment, we had to take action. The tides, rifts and storms that had moved oceans and earth had also motivated in us a desire to create ways of deciphering such a complex and multifaceted problem.

We would like to thank Brian McGrath for his mentorship and support for this book and for proposing it on our behalf. He is dedicated to new research in urban ecosystems and is a leader in this field. Many thanks to Cameron Sinclair for the discussion we had about the lessons he had learned while at Architecture for Humanity. Kenneth Frampton was also a great inspiration, and we thank him for taking the time to be interviewed. We are indebted to the authors who contributed to this book and thank them not only for their essays but also for the many hours of work spent writing each essay. This project has taken two years to complete; we are very grateful to Helen Castle and Calver Lezama for their perseverance and patience over the past two years and their commitment to this publication.

Editorial Note

With the exception of one essay (pp 142–4), this book is an anthology of texts created specifically for this publication.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Rules of Measure

What Matters

Parameters of Engagement

Notes

PART 1 HISTORIES OF HUMANITARIAN DESIGN AND AID

Humanitarian Design

Appropriate Technology and Design for the Other 90 Per Cent

Design and Participatory Citizenship

Humanitarian Design as

Good Design

Notes

Fifty Years of the Community-Led Incremental Development

Part 1 Rediscovering Incremental Housing Development

Part 2 The Implementation of Incremental Housing Strategies

7

Part 3 Challenges and Opportunities

Notes

PART 2 LAND

Real Estate and Property Rights in Humanitarian Design

The Humanitarian Designer as Critical Actor

Property Systems

Logistics and Practical Considerations

Professionalisation

Notes

Remediating Ecocide

Notes

PART 3 CRISIS IN HEALTH AND CULTURE

Crisis Architecture

Conflict and Crisis Culture

Conflict and Crisis-Forms

Marginal Spaces of Displacement

Appropriated Crisis-Forms and Economic Displacement

Self-Organised, Mass-Appropriated Crisis-Forms

Temporary Crisis-Forms and Conflict Displacement

Complete and Incomplete Crisis-Forms

Conclusion

Notes

Emergency Medical Structures

Establishing Activities in an Existing Structure

Establishing Activities in an Independent Structure

Temporary Structures

Semipermanent Structures

The Expanding Role of Architects

Notes

PART 4 WATER AND SANITATION

Fluid Matters

How Water Guides Us

How We Guide Water

Issues to Consider When Designing for Water

Notes

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions

Efficacy Research Conducted in Controlled Conditions

Effective Use in Field Implementations

References

PART 5 ECOLOGY AND HUMANITARIAN DESIGN

Architectures of Eco-Literacy

Eco-Literacy

Eco-Bling

Circling Research with Design

The School as Prototype

Notes

PART 6 LOCAL MATERIALS AND LOCAL SKILLS

Intelligent Materials and Technology

Natural Materials

Hybridisation of Bamboo and Concrete

Natural Products and Zero Waste

Agricultural Waste to Alternative Energy

Recycling

Notes

One City

The Intelligence Unit (IU)

An Example of Our Research: ‘One City'

A Policy for the Development of Neighbourhoods

A Policy for the Continuity of the Urban Fabric – Including Nature

A Policy of Collectivity and Shared Identity

A Policy for Natural Infrastructure

A Policy to Create a Region of Health

A Policy to Harness Intelligence and Creativity

PART 7 SHELTER AND HOUSING

Missing Scales

Note

reCOVER

reCOVER Coursework

reCOVER: Applied Design Research

PART 8 EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Humanitarian Architecture Is Hip. Now What?

Create Jobs

Stimulate Local Economies

Leverage Local Capacities, Don't Overshadow Them.

Notes

Reading Codes Is a Whole New World

PART 9 ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND POLITICS

Delmas 32

Introduction and Background

Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Plan Objectives for the Urban Zone of Delmas 32

Methodology for Elaborating the Conceptual Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Delmas 32

Community Participatory Planning Workshop with the Community of Delmas 32: Principles, Methods and Results

Conclusion

Building On, Over, With

Postcolonialism and Humanitarian Design

Humanitarian Design – Troubled by Postcolonialism

Aid as Neocolonialism via Authority versus Power or Aid as Authority

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index

Advert

EULA

List of Illustrations

Introduction

Charcoal seller in Haiti. Because of extensive poverty and the cultural tradition of using charcoal for cooking, trees have been cut down to make charcoal. The effect this has had is extreme land degradation. © Damian Fitzsimmons.

The hillsides of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, are a collage of shelters. The colours act as a codification for the nongovernmental organisations that built them. These plywood structures are called ‘transitional' homes, although none have running water, sanitation or electricity. © Damian Fitzsimmons.