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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Heat is a branch of thermodynamics that occupies a unique position due to its involvement in the field of practice. Being linked to the management, transport and exchange of energy in thermal form, it impacts all aspects of human life and activity. Heat transfers are, by nature, classified as conduction, convection (which inserts conduction into fluid mechanics) and radiation. The importance of these three transfer methods has resulted – justifiably – in a separate volume being afforded to each of them, with the subject of convection split into two volumes.
This third volume is dedicated to convection, more specifically, the foundations of convective transfers. Various angles are considered to cover this topic, including empirical relationships and analytically approaching boundary layers, including the integral methods and numerical approaches. The problem of heat exchangers is presented, without aiming to be an exhaustive treatise. Heat Transfer 3 combines a basic approach with a deeper understanding of the discipline and will therefore appeal to a wide audience, from technician to engineer, from doctoral student to teacher-researcher.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Introduction
I.1. Preamble
I.2. Interlude
List of Notations
1 General Notions
1.1. General notions
1.2. Forced convection, natural convection
1.3. The calculation of heat transfer
1.4. Convection coefficient
1.5. The program of our study
2 Empirical Approaches
2.1. Introduction
2.2. The dimensionless numbers (or dimensionless criteria) of convection
2.3. Calculation of convection coefficients: external convection
2.4. Internal convection
2.5. Natural convection
2.6. 2.6. Use of “standard” formulas
2.7. Some examples of applications
3 The Boundary Layer
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The notion of a boundary layer
3.3. The external boundary layers: analytical treatment
3.4. Problem of scale
3.5. Applications of the boundary layer theory
3.6. External boundary layers: integral methods
3.7. Examples of applications of integral methods
4 Heat Exchangers
4.1. Introduction and basic concepts
4.2. Method of calculation of exchangers
4.3. Conclusion
4.4. An example of the application of the methods
Appendices
Appendix 1: Physical Properties of Common Fluids
Appendix 2: Physical Properties of Common Solids
Appendix 3: Thermodynamic Properties of Water Vapor
Appendix 4: The General Equations of Fluid Mechanics
A4.1. Reminders
A4.2. Writing the principles
A4.3. The equations: developed writing and simplifications
Appendix 5: The Dynamic and Thermal Laminar Boundary Layer
A5.1. Establishment of equations: boundary layer simplifications
Appendix 6: Table of Functions: erf(x). erfc(x) and ierfc(x)
References
Index
Wiley End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1. Coefficients C and n
Table 2.2. C values for different geometries
Table 2.3. C values for different geometries
Table 2.4. C values for different geometries
Table 2.5. C values for different geometries
Table 2.6. C values for different geometries
Table 2.7. C values for different geometries
Chapter 3
Table 3.1. Different values of Pr
Chapter 4
Table 4.1. Cross-flow exchangers
Appendix 1
Table A1.1. Physical properties of water
Table A1.2. Physical properties of air
Appendix 2
Table A2.1. Metallic materials: alloys
Table A2.2. Miscellaneous materials
Table A2.3. Materials used in construction
Table A2.4. Insulation materials
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Introduction
List of Notations
1 General Notions
Appendices
Appendix 1: Physical Properties of Common Fluids
Appendix 2: Physical Properties of Common Solids
Appendix 3: Thermodynamic Properties of Water Vapor
Appendix 4: The General Equations of Fluid Mechanics
Appendix 5: The Dynamic and Thermal Laminar Boundary Layer
Appendix 6: Table of Functions: erf(x). erfc(x) and ierfc(x)
References
Index
Wiley End User License Agreement
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Mathematical and Mechanical Engineering Set
coordinated byAbdelkhalak El Hami
Volume 11
Heat Transfer 3
Convection, Fundamentals and Monophasic Flows
Michel Ledoux
Abdelkhalak El Hami
First published 2022 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd
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London SW19 4EU
UK
www.iste.co.uk
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
USA
www.wiley.co
© ISTE Ltd 2022
The rights of Michel Ledoux and Abdelkhalak El Hami to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s), contributor(s) or editor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ISTE Group.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022938988
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78630-690-6
Preface
Thermal science is to thermodynamics as decree is to law. It answers the following question – which all good leaders must (or should) ask themselves whenever they have an “idea”: “How would this work in practice?”. In a way, thermal science “implements” thermodynamics, of which it is a branch. A thermodynamics specialist is a kind of energy economist. Applying the first principle, they create a “grocery store”. With the second principle, they talk about the quality of their products. I add or remove heat from a source or work from a system. And the temperature, among other things, defines the quality of the energy for me.
But by what means do I take or do I give? Even calculations of elementary reversible transformations do not tell us by what process heat passes from a source to a system.
Thermal science specifies how, but “evacuates” work. If in a given problem related to, for example, a convector where an electrical energy (therefore in the “work” category) appears, it is immediately dissipated into heat by the Joule effect.
Three heat transfer modes can be identified: conduction and radiation – which can be seen separately, although they are often paired up – and convection, which is by nature an interaction of fluid mechanics and conduction.
Dividing the study of thermal science into three is the result of logic. Presenting this work in four volumes is somewhat arbitrary; in our opinion, however, this split was necessary in order to keep the volumes in the collection a reasonable size.
This book is Volume 3 of a collection of problems on heat transfer, devoted to the fundamentals of convective transfers. Various angles of approach are addressed: empirical relations; the analytical approach of parietal phenomena (boundary layers), including the approach of integral methods and the numerical approach. The problem of exchangers is presented without claiming to be an exhaustive treatise. Other practical aspects (two-phase, phase change materials, etc.) are dealt with in Volume 4.
This work is intended to reach a wide audience, from technicians to engineers, to researchers in many disciplines, whether physicists or not, who have a one-off transfer problem to resolve in a laboratory context. With this in mind, the theoretical developments in the text itself are as direct as possible. Specialist readers, or those who are simply curious about further theoretical developments (general equations, particular problems, mathematical tools, etc.) may refer to the Appendices.
Volume 3, primarily devoted to “traditional” approaches (analytical treatment) to convection, will be of interest primarily to readers who are looking for “simple” prediction methods.
This work has four chapters.
Chapter 1 introduces some definitions and sets up the scope of this book.
Chapter 2 is devoted to the empirical approach to convection. It contains, in particular, an application limited to the most usual relationships.
Chapter 3 is divided into two parts. The first develops the boundary layer theory, the physical basis of parietal transfers. The second describes the integral methods.
Chapter 4 establishes the two main methods for the analytical design of exchangers.
The detailed calculation of the establishment of the fundamental equations is a rather important point. In order to lighten the text and to facilitate its reading by those who are not first order theorists, some points of the theory have been referred to in Appendix 4 and Appendix 5. Appendices 1, 2 and 3 are a collection of physical data and Appendix 6 recalls the values of the function erf (x) and its associates, which are sometimes useful for some calculations.
July 2022
