Hobby Farming For Dummies E-Book

Theresa A. Husarik

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Lebensstil
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Seitenzahl: 626

Beschreibung

Do you long for the country life?Get back to nature and feel your toes in the dirt with this friendly guide to a new farming lifestyle Don't know the first thing about how to handle the basics of small-scale farming, from growing healthy crops to raising livestock and managing your property? Hobby Farming For Dummies is the no-nonsense guide you need to decide what to farm, find the right piece of property, set up utilities, select plants and livestock, protect your investment, and so much more. You'll get a realistic look into what it really means to move from your current lifestyle to a life farming in the countryside, starting with figuring out if the farming lifestyle is right for you. From what you need to know about maintaining country property to how to access a power supply, you'll get help with major decisions of hobby farming: * Whether you're better off with subsistence farming or a more ambitious project * Which outbuildings you'll need for shelter and storage * What tools are best for various types of farm labor * Which animals you want to raise and care for * Where to buy the land and how to acquire it This comprehensive and user-friendly guide also shows you how to: * Avoid common farming pitfalls * Choose plans for your farm * Get along with your neighbors * Maintain your equipment and machinery * Raise and care for animals, including caring for sick or injured animals * Get creative by turning fiber into scarves and making cheese or yogurt * Enrich your soil with manure and compost * Reap the benefits of preserving fruits and vegetables Additionally, you can read about opportunities for fun in country communities and the top ten misconceptions about farm living.Grab a copy of Hobby FarmingFor Dummiesand discover how you can live the simple life.

Leseprobe

Hobby Farming For Dummies®

by Theresa A. Husarik

Hobby Farming For Dummies®

Published byWiley Publishing, Inc.111 River St.Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2008931635

ISBN: 978-0-470-28172-7

Manufactured in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

About the Author

Theresa A. Husarik is a writer, photographer, crafter, fiber person, and animal lover who lives on a small plot far away from the heart of the city. When she is not tending to her brood (which includes llamas, alpacas, angora goats, cats, dogs, peacocks, and chickens), she can usually be found either behind the computer writing something or in the craft room making something.

Dedication

To Max, for shining his light in my life if only for too short a time.

Author’s Acknowledgments

Thanks to Charlie for enthusiastically sharing his knowledge of all things farming; to Todd for helping with the parts dealing with animals; to my agent, Barb Doyen, for finding this opportunity for me; and to all the editors at Wiley for helping make this book the best it can be.

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

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Contents

Title

Introduction

About This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

What You’re Not to Read

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organized

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I : Hobby Farms 101

Chapter 1: Heading for the Country

Analyzing the Lifestyle

Envisioning Your Farm

Preparing to Take the Rural Plunge

Chapter 2: Before Taking the Plunge: Is This the Life for You?

Knowing What Draws You to the Country

Considering Practical Issues before Getting a Hobby Farm

Things You Probably Don’t Have Now but Need in the Country

Chapter 3: Finding Your Place in the Sun

Establishing and Sticking to a Budget

Deciding Where in the World to Settle

Amount of Acreage: Deciding How Wide You Want Your Spaces to Be

Examining the Property and Its Location

Buying the Farm: A Place with Existing Accommodations

Starting from Scratch: Planning Your Own Structures

Chapter 4: Getting Along with Your Neighbors

Opening the Lines of Communication

Appreciating the Community as It Is

Objections to Certain Farms . . . or What’s on Them

Handling Land Issues

Dealing with the Local Wildlife

Part II : Down on the Farm: Getting Your Property in Order

Chapter 5: Getting Out of the House: Outbuildings and Enclosures

Raising Barns

Choosing Animal Enclosures

Storing Food and Water

Storing Equipment

Sheltering Plants in Greenhouses

Going Underground with Cellars

Chapter 6: Gearing Up with the Right Tools, Clothes, and Equipment

Selecting the Right Stuff

Loading Up on Basic Tools You Can Hold

Surveying Plant and Animal Care Tools

Powering Up with Bigger Tools for Bigger Jobs

Moving Out with Tools You Can Drive or Pull

Getting New Duds: Tools You Wear

Choosing Tools for First Aid and Safety

Chapter 7: Saving, Using, and Making Power on the Farm

Reducing Your Energy Needs

The Powers That Be: Relying on Traditional Sources

Generating Your Own Power

Chapter 8: Managing and Accessing Your Land and Natural Resources

Getting Your Feet Wet in Water Management

Accessing All Your Land

Creating and Using Natural Barriers

Grassy Smorgasbords: Managing Pastures

Erosion Management: Treating Your Soil Like Pay Dirt

Part III : Calling In the Critters: What’s a Farm without Animals?

Chapter 9: What Kinds of Critters Should You Get?

Patrolling Your Borders: Animals to Help You Keep the Peace

Meeting the Common Farm Animals

Small and Medium Birds: Fancying Fine, Feathered Farm Friends

Llamas and Alpacas: Spinning Out Info on Camelids

Raising Things that Buzz, Squirm, and Swim

Entering New Frontiers with Exotics and Large Game Animals

Chapter 10: Acquiring Animals for Your Farm

Clarifying What You Want

Timing Your Acquisitions and Deciding on Distance

Evaluating Sellers and Animals

To the Market! Finding an Animal Source

Chapter 11: Caring for and Feeding Your Animals

Taking Care of Basic Hygiene

Feeding Your Animals Right

Providing a Continuous Source of Clean Water

Keeping Your Animals Safe

Reviewing Behavioral Considerations

Chapter 12: Critter Care: Providing Medical Attention for Your Animals

Putting Together Your Animal First Aid Kit

An Ounce of Prevention: Scheduling Vaccinations

Responding When Your Animals Are Sick or Hurt

Bracing Yourself for Birthing Season

Part IV : Choosing and Growing Plants and Crops

Chapter 13: Deciding What and How Much of It to Grow

Deciding How Much to Grow

Garden Variety: Choosing Plant Types

Deciding Where and When to Plant

Succeeding with Vegetables

Planting Other Small-Scale Crops for Food and Profit

Growing Herbs for and in the Kitchen

Chapter 14: Getting Those Plants Started

Planning Out Your Planting Space

Making Sure You Have Good Soil

Composting 101

Barring Intruders: Getting Weeds and Pests Out of Your Garden

Going Natural with Organic Farming

Getting Inside Info on Greenhouses

Part V : Using the Fruits of Your Labor

Chapter 15: Preserving and Using Food Items

The Cellar: Getting to the Roots of Short-Term Storage

Preserving Foods for Long-Term Storage

Selling What You Don’t Keep

Creating New Treats from Homegrown Goodies

Queso Fresco (Fresh Cheese)

Homemade Yogurt

Cinnamon Applesauce

Fresh Salsa (Salsa Fresca)

Todd’s Spaghetti Sauce

Todd’s Zucchini Bread

Chapter 16: Where’s the Beef? From Hoof to Table

Hiring a Reputable Meat Cutter

Selling the Whole Animal

Preserving and Flavoring the Meat

Chapter 17: Preparing Fiber and Making Crafty Goods

Shear Brilliance: Collecting and Processing Fiber

Doing Stuff with Processed Fiber

Making Creative Stuff without Fiber

Chapter 18: Dealing with the Less Desirable Stuff

Treating Animal Byproducts as Products

Handling Plant Byproducts

Managing Oils, Chemicals, Metals, and Other Waste Materials

Part VI : The Part of Tens

Chapter 19: Ten Opportunities for Community Fun

Participate in County Fairs

Sell at Farmer’s Markets

Get Trained as a Master Gardener

Give Lectures and Presentations

Set Up a Farm Tour

Create a Petting Farm

Enter Parades

Set Your Sights on the Small-Town Social Scene

Attend or Participate in Festivals

Experiment with Home-Grown Entertainment Opportunities

Chapter 20: Ten Misconceptions about Farm Living

Country Life Is Living in the Dark Ages

You’ll Miss Out on Cultural Activities

You’ll Lose a Sense of Community

You Have to Work from Sunup to Sundown

The Air Always Smells Bad

People Will Call You a Hick

You’ll Be Safe from Crime

It’ll Be Very Quiet

You (Fresh from the City) Are Smarter Than Your Country Neighbors

You Can Treat Local Wildlife Like Pets

Part VII : Appendixes

Appendix A: Helpful Resources

Books

Magazines

Web Sites

Organizations

Appendix B: Glossary

: Further Reading

Introduction

So many people dream of moving into the country and away from the hustle and bustle of city life. Everyone gets tired of traffic and smog and long lines and crowds. Getting back to the simpler life so often seems like a dream that you wonder why you didn’t do it sooner.

If you have preconceived notions of what farming is like today, you may be surprised. Rural families don’t necessarily spend all day in overalls on the back of a tractor or in the kitchen donning an apron and baking pies. Every farming operation is different — in size, products, use of technology, and so on. Farmers fill a variety of roles (mechanic, veterinarian, carpenter, gardening expert, and accountant), and although taking on so many mini careers at once may seem daunting, you can pick up experience on the job. The topics covered in this book can get you started.

My husband and I moved to a farm from the city about ten years ago. Yes, we’ve had some hard times (such as dealing with blizzards and droughts and numerous power outages), but the whole experience has been so wonderful for both of us. Our animals are a daily delight — each time we go out to feed, one of us announces, “I got a kiss from Alex!” or “Oggie let me pet and hug him!” And in the summertime, when we go out to harvest, it’s such a joy to cut up a tomato or zucchini and know that we made that.

If you likewise delight in an accomplishment such as growing the biggest tomato in the county or seeing the birth of a calf or making a salad using the wonderfully tasty veggies you grew yourself, then this is the life for you. If you like to get your hands dirty and put in some hard work, hobby farming is very likely going to be all you dreamed of and more. We learned a lot in the first few years of playing with this new toy (the farm with animals), and as I share some of my experiences with you, I hope to encourage and inform you so you’re more prepared to go for your dream.

About This Book

These days, you can go to any online search engine, type in a phrase such as “basic animal care,” and get tons of Web sites that’ll potentially give you answers. Or you can always do your research the old-fashioned way by going to the library and poring over multiple books. But sorting through all that information can be a bit like looking for the proverbial needle in a haystack. I hope that in all my research and personal anecdotes, you find that this book is a one-stop place for all you need to know about deciding whether to take the plunge into the rural life.

Farming today is diverse, and I can’t cover all the intricacies of alpaca diet and chile pepper varieties and windmill construction. But with Hobby Farming For Dummies, you can get the foundation for everything you need and lots of pointers to other, more-intensive resources, along with some personal stories that can help you understand what you need to succeed in this lifestyle. The info you find here, along with many of the other books and resources I recommend, can help you (and all those who jump, with reckless abandon, into this really fun and rewarding hobby) to realize this dream — or at least give you the skills to keep your head above water and your heart fluttering with joy about your decision to head this way.

The book is organized in standalone chapters. You can start with Chapter 1 and read all the way through, or you can skip to Chapter 11 just to find out what to do with animals. Each chapter is ready and waiting for the day you’re interested in the topic covered. Inside each chapter are tips and information about how you can deal with the particular topic as well as directions to other resources to give you all the help you need.

Conventions Used in This Book

Although I’ve tried to give you a good overview of each topic selected in this book, I’ve also included many Web sites or books to give you a more extensive look at each topic presented. Web addresses appear in monofont.

When this book was printed, some Web addresses may have needed to break across two lines of text. If that happened, rest assured that I haven’t put in any extra characters (such as hyphens) to indicate the break. So when using one of these Web addresses, just type exactly what you see in this book, pretending as though the line break didn’t exist.

Farming also has its own lingo, so any new terms that I present appear in italics, immediately followed by a plain-English definition.

Also, all temperatures appear in degrees Fahrenheit.

What You’re Not to Read

This book includes many sidebars — little gray boxes of additional information. Sidebars provide either a more extensive, scientific look at a topic or a personal anecdote on how a certain topic affected my farm and family. They can give you additional insight, but they’re beyond the basics, so feel free to skip them if you have to make a feed store run or want to take a look at the used tractor you found in the classifieds.

You can also gloss over anything marked with a Technical Stuff icon, which marks info that’s interesting but isn’t quite need-to-know.

Foolish Assumptions

In order to make this book as helpful (and relevant and easily readable) as possible, I’ve presented all the ideas in a friendly, informal, conversational style — as though we were sitting out on the porch with a glass of cold lemonade and watching the clouds go by. Here are some assumptions I’ve made about you:

You’re intelligent and may know a great deal about a lot of things (perhaps in your current life you’re a doctor, lawyer, business executive, or college professor), but life on the farm is new to you.

You want a good idea ahead of time (before you jump in with both feet) of what this lifestyle has in store for you.

You want to know how to do things right and how to choose the operations that’ll work best for you. You’re looking for a good reference for those times when you’re starting something new.

You have some basic carpentry, gardening, and animal-raising skills — or you’re willing to put in the time and effort to develop them.

How This Book Is Organized

This book is divided into seven parts that group related chapters and appendixes. Here’s a preview of what you can find in each part.

Part I: Hobby Farms 101

In this part, I point out the basics of life on the farm to help you decide whether rural life is a good fit for you. I discuss farming challenges, cultural differences, and utilities — such as water and sewage — that you may have to provide for yourself. I also help you evaluate properties and give you advice for fitting in with your new neighbors.

Part II: Down on the Farm: Getting Your Property in Order

In Part II, I talk about the tools that can help you develop a relationship with the land. You discover outbuildings that provide shelter and storage, machines that help you with farm labor, and power sources to keep your equipment up and running. I also talk about the property itself — water sources, hills, pastures, and so on — and how you can access and care for it.

Part III: Calling In the Critters: What’s a Farm without Animals?

Whether as pets, food sources, laborers, or sources of fun, animals are a farm institution. In this part, you discover types of animals available, where you can buy your livestock, how to provide critters’ basic needs, and what to do when an animal gets sick or injured.

Part IV: Choosing and Growing Plants and Crops

Plants take a starring role on many farms — from potted herbs to acres of corn, from food for your table to food for the market, and from salad trimmings to nutrient-rich pastures for your four-legged friends. In this part, I help you decide how big you want to go with your growing operation, advise you on garden plans, and give you some info on basic plant care.

Part V: Using the Fruits of Your Labor

Sure, your friends may love gifts of live chickens and bags of wool, but you don’t have to stop there. Put those beautiful fruits, vegetables, and animal products to good use! Make your own cheese or yogurt, turn fiber into a winter scarf, and enrich your soil with manure and compost. In this part, I introduce some creative ideas that may help expand your hobbies beyond farming itself.

Part VI: The Part of Tens

The Part of Tens gives you some quick info in classic top-ten format. I answer ten common questions about farm life and mention some ways to have a lot of fun and enjoy rural culture.

Part VII: Appendixes

In the appendixes, I list Web sites and other books and magazines where you can go to get more in-depth information about the topics I’ve presented. You also find a list of terms that can help you sound like a local as you shoot the breeze with your neighbors.

Icons Used in This Book

The icons in this book help you quickly identify specific kinds of information that may be of use to you:

The Remember icon highlights important ideas for you to keep in mind to deepen your understanding of hobby farming.

This icon draws attention to points that help you make sense of hobby farming and save you some time and frustration.

Steer clear of the pitfalls flagged in the Warning paragraphs.

The Technical Stuff icon highlights info that’s useful to know but isn’t essential reading.

Where to Go from Here

This book isn’t linear — you can start anywhere and skip around to those topics that interest you or apply to your situation. Don’t worry that reading a chapter without looking at the one before it will leave you scratching your head. You can easily read Chapter 9 first and then check out what’s in Chapter 5. You won’t get lost, I promise.

If you’re familiar with life on the farm (maybe you grew up on a farm but spent several years at a job in the city and now want to return to your roots), you may be able to skip the chapters that introduce the lifestyle. You probably already know how much work there’ll be and that you’ll probably have to provide your own amenities. Or if you’ve bought and sold houses many times, you may not be interested in the chapter about selecting your property.

But maybe you’ve never had farm animals before, so the chapters on animal care, medical attention, and where to get animals appeal to you. Or maybe you’re the first-timer, born and raised in the city (without even a grandma or uncle with a house on the farm that you could visit). If that’s your situation, you probably want to start at the beginning.

Part I

Hobby Farms 101

In this part . . .

Oh, the joys and challenges of country life! You can enjoy beautiful scenery, fresh air galore, no long lines of traffic, and lots of quiet. But this life comes with its share of problems, too, such as droughts (or floods) and power outages. Being so far out means you have to be at least somewhat self-sufficient and be prepared for whatever you may encounter.

This part discusses some challenges that a small farmer faces, as well as some of the amenities you may have to provide for yourself as a hobby farmer. It also helps you make the distinction between a for-profit farm and a hobby farm and gives you advice on choosing your property.

Chapter 1

Heading for the Country

In This Chapter

Determining whether this is the life for you

Deciding which operations to get into

Getting ready to go

So you think you want to move away from the hubbub of the city and move to the peaceful life of the country. Doing that offers so many rewarding consequences, but you also have to keep some challenges in mind before taking the plunge and buying the farm. After all, you want it to be a pleasant experience that doesn’t do you in!

One of the best parts of hobby farming is the wonderful feeling of getting your hands dirty, growing a small crop of farm-fresh vegetables, and ending up with something you can actually eat and enjoy. Or perhaps you experience the joy and wonder that occurs after you care for a pair of animals who’ve given birth. You can proudly show off your crops and newborns to your friends and relatives, saying, “Look what I did!”

But the downsides include simple inconveniences such as being farther away from the grocery store, eateries, or even the fire department. Most farm areas are also more exposed to dangerous weather just because they’re out in the open. And then you face the issues that come from drought, insect attacks, and too much work but too little time.

But with all the trade-offs, you just may find the country life is the best thing that ever happened to you and wonder why you didn’t embark on that journey sooner. In this chapter, I touch on some of the pros and cons to consider and point you to other places in the book where you can find more-detailed information.

Analyzing the Lifestyle

Think about why, really, you’re considering the move and the lifestyle change. Are you trying to escape the city, or do you truly enjoy being one with the earth and getting your hands dirty on a daily basis? If escape from city hassles is your motivation, just be aware that you’re trading one set of hassles for another. In this section, you discover some of the pros and cons of country life.

Looking at some drawbacks

Moving from the city or suburbs to the country isn’t always a smooth transition, especially if you decide to build your own place. For instance, if your homestead isn’t close enough to the city’s or county’s services, you may need to get your own propane tank or use some other alternative power source (see Chapter 7), dig a well that can cost several thousand dollars, and set up a septic system to deal with household wastes. Besides the initial costs of building these types of systems, you have to put in time and money to maintain them. Chapters 2 and 3 go into more detail about these utilities.

Even if public services such as power, water, and sewage are available, you’ll still run into some problems — power outages, road washouts, or a drought that can threaten your crops.

Ask yourself whether you’re willing to deal with the trade-offs, such as not having the opera nearby but instead going to the local high school musical for your cultural entertainment. Are you willing to give up short trips to the store for clean air and a quieter life? No traffic for no movie theater around the corner? Chapter 2 discusses some other sacrifices you may not have thought about.

And consider the concept of fitting into the neighborhood. You want to do your thing without making enemies of those who are already up and running. Respect what’s already going on and try not to make big changes that may cause rifts between you and your neighbors (such as deciding you don’t like the odor coming from your neighbor’s pig farm and attending every city council meeting to voice your opinion about it, hoping to get the operation to cease and desist). You can’t always pick your neighbors, and making a big investment in land, animals, and equipment means you can get yourself into a situation where you can’t easily walk away. Look and smell before you buy! Chapter 4 discusses some ways you can ensure you’re a good neighbor.

And of course, farming is hard work. There will always be a fence to mend, an animal shelter to build, or planting and canning to tackle. Although many tasks can wait, some of them have to be done immediately. Much of this book explains what kinds of work you may be taking on.

Looking at a few rural benefits

Despite the challenges and rigors of farm life, you do get some benefits that you don’t find elsewhere — quiet streets, being able to see stars and meteor showers at night, and neighbors who tend to look out for each other and lend a hand when needed.

Growing your own food and knowing just what kinds of processes and chemicals were involved (if any) is one of the joys of farm life. And homegrown fruits and veggies just taste better. After you’ve eaten your own fresh-from-the-garden tomatoes, you won’t be satisfied with a store-bought one again.

Having animals can be a lot of fun (but a lot of work as well). You can raise animals merely for the joy they provide, or you can get them to help you in some way — by pulling equipment, giving you meat or fresh eggs, or giving you fiber that you can turn into beautiful fabric.

Envisioning Your Farm

Your motives for moving to a farm, whether you want to raise plants or animals or both, tie in with choosing a location. And if you’re not going solo, a lot of what you decide depends on what the rest of the family has to say, because everyone wants some input on such a big change. The bottom line is that you need to look at a lot of interrelated issues that go into making your farm dream come true. In this section, I discuss these considerations from different angles.

Size matters: Comparing a small hobby farm to a for-profit operation

Whether you’re looking at a true hobby farm as opposed to a fully for-profit farming venture clearly impacts your perspective on the shape your farm should take. Hobby means doing something for the fun of it, not necessarily to make a living. Moving to a small hobby farm means you’ll likely be pouring more money into it than you get out (if you get something out of it at all). And most likely, you’ll be working in your “real” job and commuting into town every day. This leaves less time for your farming chores and challenges.

If you’re looking to go after a for-profit venture, your decisions will be quite different. Odds are, if this is the case, the farm will be your only job, so you need to put more thought into planning, management, budgets, and marketing. If your bottom line depends on what you put into and subsequently get out of the farm, you may not be as free to buy all those fun toys that tempt you (such as a backhoe or a top-of-the-line computerized greenhouse). You’ll need to be prepared to suffer monetary losses — and these can be substantial — until you’re able to get the farm fully productive and then profitable.

Choosing your venture: What you want to do with your farm

Before you can decide where to locate your hobby’s headquarters, you have to decide just what you want to do with that farm. The best hobby farms begin with a vision, so think carefully about your goals. Write down your answers to some of the following questions:

Are you interested in having animals, and if so, which ones have captured your heart? (See Chapter 9 for some typical farm animals.) Do you want these animals as companion animals or to serve a working purpose, such as providing you with eggs or fiber or even helping out with farm chores?

What kinds of plants do you want to grow, and just how much do you want to deal with? Do you want to supplement your grocery list, grow some to sell for a little bit of profit, or maintain a subsistence-level operation? Chapter 13 gives you information on growing plants, and Chapter 14 gives you some tips on getting those plants started.

What are your social goals? Do you have a desire to do the farmer’s market or roadside stand circuit, where you get to interact with the general public? Do you have an interest in inviting strangers to your home so they can have a farm vacation?

In this section, I describe some of what you can do on your farm. After you figure out what you want, you can think about what you need — in terms of people, skills, time, labor, money, natural resources, and so on — and plan how to get there.

Raising animals down on your farm

What kinds of animals you decide to bring into your family is a personal decision. Each animal and type of animal comes with unique needs, some more demanding than others. You need to think about what’s right for you. Animals all need to be fed and watered daily, and some need some extra care above and beyond those basics. And even within a species, individual animals have unique personalities and quirks that can be endearing or more work than you signed up for.

Deciding which animals you want

At the very least, you want some sort of alarm animal. Most people opt for a watchdog. Especially if your nearest neighbor is a mile away, a dog can contribute to your sense of well-being and can warn you if something is amiss. Dogs are social animals, so treat them as part of the family.

Also, a couple of cats are great to have around to help keep the rodent population down. Everybody works on the farm!

Here are some other animals to consider:

Horses: Horses need the most amount of work because they have to be groomed and exercised daily, but they can provide a lot of joy when they take you for a ride across the meadows or up into the mountains.

Fiber animals: Animals such as sheep, alpacas, Angora goats or rabbits, and llamas have to be kept in such a way that their fur or wool is protected.

Meat and dairy animals: You may keep some animals, such as chickens, cows, sheep, or goats, because you want them for the meat. Goats and cows are common milk producers. Health and nutrition is an especially big consideration for animals who produce anything you plan to consume.

Companion animals: Not every typical meat animal ends up as dinner. Even cows can serve as pets.

Chapter 9 discusses some of the common and a few exotic animals who live on farms.

Understanding the care involved

If you do bring animals into your life, you’re responsible for their care. That means daily attention as well as stepping in when they need more help. Even daily care can be a real chore — during a blizzard, for instance, you may need to trudge through the snow to haul water so the animals have something other than ice in their bowls. Also, animals do get sick, and when that happens, you have to deal with it or suffer the consequences. Sometimes animals have difficult births, and you have to help or else the young one may not make it. Chapter 11 gives you the basics of animal care, and Chapter 12 goes into what to do when animals need medical attention.

You may end up with an animal who just doesn’t get along with the rest of the herd. Deciding how to alleviate the situation can be tough, and you may be faced with having to get rid of the critter in some way, or if the troublemaker is a male, perhaps castrating him. That may be a very difficult decision — what if that male is your best stud and has produced perfect offspring?

What many forget when it comes to animals is the need for a thick skin in order to deal with the harsh realities of life, and especially death, on the farm. Some newborn animals just don’t survive. Sometimes you have too many babies in one year — more than your farm can support — and you have to give some up. Or favorite animals can become sick or injured and need to be put down. If you choose to have animals on your farm, you can expect to incur losses every year. Are you ready for this harsh reality?

Using products from animals

It can be particularly cool to be able to say that the sweater a friend is admiring is one that you hand-knit from yarn that you hand-spun and hand-dyed after gathering the fiber from the goat you raised. Chapter 17 explains how to get fiber from the back of an animal into something you can use to make beautiful garments or accessories.

If you’re going to expect meat from your animals, you need to find a reputable butcher or dress out the animal yourself. But in either case, you know where the meat came from, what the animal was fed, and how he or she was treated. See Chapter 16 for help in finding a butcher.

Good care can go a long way to a better-tasting meat, milk, or cheese. As the commercial says, “Great cheese comes from happy cows.”

Planting a garden and raising crops

In addition to enjoying fresh country air, reaping the fresh fruits and vegetables of your labor is part of the fun of embarking on a hobby farm in the first place. Growing your own food can be so rewarding. You can’t beat garden-fresh fruits and veggies, and preserving produce allows you to enjoy the harvest year-round. (See Chapter 15 for some ideas on using and preserving food items.)

Although some crops do well only in certain climates, you still have an abundance of choices for which fruits and veggies to grow on your farm. Your biggest limitation is how much work you want to put into the venture. For the best results, check with your local cooperative extension service (www.csrees.usda.gov/Extension) to see what grows well in your area.

Look for seeds at the local country store or go online to find an even wider selection. You can get your plants started on a healthy life in a lot of ways, from starting them in a greenhouse to using compost and fertilizers to dealing with pests. Chapter 13 helps you decide what to grow, and Chapter 14 helps you get those plants started and names ways of dealing with pests that threaten your crops.

Going organic can be a little more work, but you may discover it’s healthier for you and the environment, and other people may be willing to pay extra for your tomatoes if they’re certified organic. Organic means using only natural materials in your crops. In other words, the fertilizers and pesticides you use contain ingredients that originated from organisms, or living things; no artificial chemical materials are allowed. See Chapter 14 for some help with going organic.

Having some fun: Agritourism and the social scene

Part of what you choose to do with your farm may be related to how you want to interact with people and expose them to farm life. Get people to come to your farm and show them what life is like with a farm tour, or let people come and pick their own fruits or veggies.

Country folk enjoy some home-grown activities that just don’t happen in the city, such as the county fair or farmer’s market or a good old-fashioned barn dance. You can certainly run a vegetable booth at the market or set up a dance in your own barn. Farms offer so many opportunities for having fun that don’t cost much at all. See Chapter 19 for some ideas.

Considering a location for your farm

How much acreage can you handle? The more, the better may sound great at first, but consider that you have to maintain that land, which may mean doing a lot of mowing, controlling weeds, planting, harvesting, and even fence building. On the other hand, if you plan to start your operation small, you may want plenty of room for expansion.

Is there anything exotic (either animal or vegetable) that requires a specific climate? What you want to grow or keep on your farm can impact where you locate. For example,

If you absolutely love Walla Walla onions, you need to live in the northern part of the country; if Vidalias tickle your palate, the south is for you.

If you think qiviut (the fiber from a musk ox) is the ultimate, you need to be in the colder northern climes.

If you want to grow exotic flowers, you may consider an area that’s warm year-round (or invest in a greenhouse).

The possibilities are endless. Even if you decide to stay in your current state, not venturing too far away from family and friends, you have to decide which part of the state to settle in. Different areas have different natural features, soil quality, and the like.

Even within specific areas, different zoning laws may apply. Will you even be able to have animals on your land? Can you get a permit to build a barn as big as you want it to be? Chapter 3 talks about permits and zoning laws.

Finding the right amount of land in the right location with a perfectly acceptable house already on it is certainly possible; however, if your needs are pretty specific, you may have to build from scratch, which often means building your own dirt roads, getting a propane tank, and having someone dig you a well and septic system. Chapter 3 discusses some of what you have to consider when picking out a location, and Chapter 5 lists some of the outbuildings you’re likely to need to build.

Preparing to Take the Rural Plunge

So maybe you’ve examined all the pros and cons of hobby farming and have decided it’s exactly what you want at this time in your life. Good for you! So many have gone before you (including me!), and it’s a wonderful lifestyle if you’re up to it. In this section, I discuss some ways to get yourself ready before you start hunting down properties.

Getting your feet wet

Dreaming about the joys of farm life is often a lot different from the reality of managing an actual farm. However, you can get a feel for the lifestyle before you actually dive in. Try some of the following ways to get your feet wet:

Rent a farmhouse for a year or two. Spending time in the community is a great way to figure out whether living way out there works for you.

Take a farm vacation. Stay in a guest house on a farm where the fun activities include actually doing some of the farm chores.

Chat with a farmer. Talk to a local farmer who’s out in a field as you drive by and ask what he or she likes and doesn’t like about the lifestyle. Strike up a conversation at a farmer’s market. Attend a fair or a seminar about agricultural issues, and chat with the people around you.

Browse in a country store. Visit a store that sells animal food and gardening supplies to farmers.See what kinds of tools and accessories you’d need if you were to take the plunge (I discuss tools in Chapter 6). Talk to the salespeople or even to the customers, and check out the community bulletin board by the doors.

Just go for a drive in the country. Go out on a Saturday afternoon and observe what’s going on.

Peruse books, magazines, or Web sites that cater to farmers. Get an idea of the kinds of tasks farmers deal with on a daily basis. I list some resources in Appendix A.

Take a class or workshop. Several places offer courses designed to help the prospective farmer get some skills with plants, animals, and machinery. They explain what to look for in soil, how to deal with financing, and even provide help with marketing. For instance, you can take online courses specifically for beginning farmers from Cornell University (beginningfarmers.cce.cornell.edu/onlinecourse.html) or Penn State (bedford.extension.psu.edu/agriculture/BeginFarmer/FarmCourse.htm).

Or attend free or inexpensive workshops or seminars on specific activities, such as composting, sheep shearing, milking, or organic farming. Check the local papers or do an Internet search to find opportunities in your area.

Get a mentor. Look into programs such as Iowa’s Farm On program, which matches beginning farmers with old pros who plan to retire (www.extension.iastate.edu/bfc/programs.html).

Do plenty of research, but don’t feel you have to be an expert in everything farm-related. Use your resources — read, call your cooperative extension office, talk to farmers — and then prepare yourself for a little trial and error and dive in!

Looking up local laws

Before you start anything, you have to know what’s copasetic, kosher, cool, or just okay with the local laws. What you want to do isn’t necessarily what the laws let you do. Check with the city or county before you embark on your endeavors. See Chapter 3 for info on dealing with zoning laws and the permit process.

Something that may seem innocuous to you may be illegal because it’s really, really bad for the environment. For instance, capturing and keeping deer can lead to fines or worse. Get in the habit of checking laws.

Chapter 2

Before Taking the Plunge: Is This the Life for You?

In This Chapter

Understanding your motivations

Examining a whole new lifestyle

Providing some of your own utilities

Most people who decide to live in the city do so because they think the benefits of city living far outweigh country living. For one thing, you can find cultural activities around every corner, which is something you have to say goodbye to if you go for a bucolic lifestyle. A city also has a life beat, a pulse that some people can’t live without. Living in the city can be fun, with lots of activity and life and diversity. However, for those who don’t like the rat race, traffic, and smog that come with living in or near a big city, country life can seem like a dream come true.

But some trade-offs may prove to be too much of a hurdle. Consider all the ideas I discuss in this chapter (and the other chapters of this book) before you take the plunge. Getting away from the city is probably what you want — after all, you’re reading this book! — but maybe going all the way into the country life isn’t really what you’re looking for. This chapter helps you sort out the benefits and drawbacks before you start putting all your eggs in one basket.

Knowing What Draws You to the Country

Think about your reason for the change. Are you just trying to get away from traffic and smog, or are you really interested in becoming a farmer? Your honest answer can make the difference between jumping into a dream and jumping into a nightmare. This section helps you sort out your motivations for moving to the country so you can figure out whether that farmstead you have your eye on is likely to meet your expectations.

Returning to rural roots

Maybe your parents or grandparents lived on a farm, and now that you’ve made your fortune in the city, you think it’s time to go back to your roots — back to a kinder, simpler time when making raspberry jam or homemade root beer was the entertainment for a Saturday afternoon and everybody had the best time. “Fresh air” meant cow manure and hay, and alarm clocks came in the form of a crowing rooster. Or maybe you’re simply interested in a more peaceful way to live — a slowing down in anticipation of retirement.

Nostalgia can be a great draw, and country life still offers a slower pace than its city counterpart. Still, keep in mind that you may not be able to reproduce a childhood memory in exactly the same way. The cars and other motorized vehicles will be different, your favorite childhood toy may no longer be around, and of course, the penny candy is long gone.

Going green (acres): Independent or sustainable lifestyles

Fending for yourself after a lifetime of relying on others for things such as power, water, and even food can be very rewarding. You just feel good when you’ve accomplished something that provides you with something you need, pleased that you did it all by yourself. Becoming completely self-reliant is often impractical, but on the farm, you can find new ways to increase your independence every year.

Or going back to the farm and making do for yourself may be your way of being kinder to the environment. For every tomato you grow yourself, that’s one less that you’d be buying from a store. (A tomato sold in a store gets packaged and transported across the country.) You also know what kinds of chemicals, if any, were put into the ground to grow that tomato.

Trying something new

Maybe you’re interested in finally being able to have that horse you always wanted as a kid. You can’t have large animals in the city, and even in most suburbs, zoning laws and space at the very least restrict the number of animals you can have. And some animals — such as pigs or even chickens — you can’t have at all with very close neighbors.

Or maybe you’ve always dreamed of having a lot of land. The closer you are to the city, the more expensive land is. You can get a whole lot more land for your money if you go farther out. If you’re truly interested in farming, the best place for that is, well, a farm.

Trying farming may turn out to be the best thing you ever did, or it may not turn out as great as you dreamed. To test the waters, consider renting a farmhouse for a year. That way you can experience the life without as big of a commitment. Or perhaps take a farm vacation (kind of like a ranch vacation), in which you stay in a guest room and actually do some of the work on the farm during the day. Places across the country, such as the Pennsylvania Farm Vacation Association (www.pafarmstay.com), offer this kind of experience.

Making some money

As a hobby farmer, the richest thing you’re likely to get your hands on may be the soil. Even in full-scale operations, turning a profit as a farmer is tough, and it requires business planning, hard work, perseverance, and a fair bit of luck. That’s why hobby farming treats farming as, well, a hobby.Most hobby farmers have supplemental income from another job.

If a financial gain is your motive, even some of the animals you consider having on the farm may be a lot more trouble than they’re worth in the end. Cows eat a lot — while they’re growing, they eat their weight every month — and you typically don’t sell a cow for meat until after he’s at least a year old. That’s a lot of food. And then you need the trucks for transporting the cattle (the cost to buy and maintain the truck is not trivial). Raising just a small number of beef cattle may not turn out to be as good of a money maker as you thought — it may even cost you money to do this.

Or consider fiber animals. For the amount of money and time I put into my animals, it’d cost a whole lot less to just buy the fiber from somebody else and forego the task of raising the animals. But the end result (the fiber) isn’t the only reason I have the animals. I just like having them out in the yard.

A slower pace: Entering a new kind of rat race

The rat race of city life is dealing with rush-hour traffic, stressful jobs, and demanding bosses. Life on the farm still has its stresses, but they’re very different. On the farm, you have to deal with vermin (rats and other pests) in your barn, getting into the feed you’ve set aside for your animals and into your house as well. (We had a surge of mice in the house when construction started on a nearby subdivided lot. With a loss of outdoor mouse habitat, they flocked to our house. Thank goodness for our cats!) Staying on top of the rat, mouse, and gopher problems can be a challenge.

Some things are more peaceful and quiet (less traffic, no neighbors 10 feet away), but country life isn’t entirely stress free. Besides the literal rats, you encounter other stresses, such as power outages, longer drives to get to necessities such as groceries and gas or medical attention, and running out of propane in the middle of winter. There’ll also be those early morning forays into the animal yard to feed your critters before you get to eat and sometimes another trip in the evening before dinner. You have to stay on top of cleaning out stalls and barns, keeping fences intact, and maintaining farm equipment. And don’t forget those winter storms that mean you have to plow or shovel pathways so you can get out to the animals.

In other words, in moving to a farm, you’re still in the race, but you exchange one type of rat for another.

Raising responsible kids

Maybe your grandparents lived on a farm, and you remember the fun of visiting when you were a kid. There was so much open space, and riding tractors and helping with the animals were so much fun! Chores didn’t seem like work because cool machines and animals were involved, things way different from what your regular daily routine was like in the city. Now you feel that would’ve been a good way to grow up, so you want to move into the country to give your kids that lifestyle. Being out in the country really can have some great rewards for the kids:

They learn about hard work and responsibility maybe a little more easily than if they were to live in a city apartment, where fun may be hours in front of a video game.

Less traffic means that playing near the streets is safer. Or the back pasture is even better than the street for things such as figuring out how to ride a tractor or four-wheeler. (But you still need to instill in your kids a respect for vehicles on the road — some people like to go really fast on country roads because there are fewer intersections and stop signs.)

Being outside is great for kids of any age, and letting them be outside all day in the country often feels safer than in the city.

Kids can raise animals, ride horses, and shear sheep and llamas. Children are likely to get involved in 4-H projects, giving them pride in what they’ve accomplished with those animals.

They can discover how to grow and harvest plants, taking pride in growing plants just like they do with the animals. Perhaps their special attention to the pumpkin crop will lead to a prize-winning pumpkin at the state fair.

Farming is good old-fashioned fun that can prove to be a bigger reward when you have to work hard to get at it. Still, simply because neighbors are farther away, your kids probably won’t have the opportunity to round up some friends and start up a basketball game at a nearby park or gather at the city swimming pool. But the good news is that they’re likely to do things that are more creative than hanging out at the mall or spending hours playing video games.

Don’t get a false sense of security that your kids will grow up wholesome and trouble free simply because they’re exposed to hard work and responsibility. Studies show that alcohol and drug use tends to be as high among rural teens as it is among their city counterparts, so you still need to parent them well. As you would anywhere else, take an interest in their lives, and pay attention to what they do, who they hang out with, and where they go.

Considering Practical Issues before Getting a Hobby Farm

Getting away from the city can be great, but you have to consider a few aspects of country living before you jump into hobby farming. You encounter some very good, enjoyable elements — wide open spaces, the joy of eating vegetables that you grew yourself, bringing new breeds of critters into your family — but some of the consequences of moving away from the city can be a little harder to deal with: power outages, longer drives to the grocery store or to satisfy a midnight Big Mac attack, or maybe having to use alternative power sources.

Living in the city and being able to rely on somebody else to supply things such as power or all your food makes life easier in some ways. But when you’re on the farm and making do for yourself, some tasks you used to take for granted can seem like a major chore. In this section, I explain some of the responsibilities and practical issues you can expect on a farm.

Early to bed, early to rise: Doing a day’s work

Taking on the responsibilities of a farm means extra work, and if you also have a regular day job, that’s like taking on a second job. You need to do some farm tasks, such as milking or feedings, in the morning, so you have to get up especially early, which usually means getting to bed early so you get enough sleep.

But even if you don’t have jobs that need to be done at the crack of dawn, you still have to put in more hours than you likely would without the farm responsibilities. You may have to feed and water your animals both before you go to the office and when you return home. Other regular chores include collecting eggs, cleaning stalls, and dealing with iced up water buckets on winter mornings.

You can choose to do everything and keep working until the day is done, or you can pace yourself and just do the tasks that need to be done at the moment. You can choose not to work that hard if you want to — that’s one of the joys of farming as a hobby. But some tasks are more urgent than others:

Planting and harvest: Plants have to go into the ground within a certain timeframe — during planting season. If you miss that window, you don’t get a crop that year. When the plants are ready for picking, you have to do it in a certain timeframe, or your crops rot on the vine.

Birthing: In birthing season, bringing the little ones into the world can take every spare moment. Not all births go smoothly, and there’s always some emergency that you need to take care of at any hour of the day. Some animals (horses in particular) like to have their babies in the middle of the night, and that means you may not get much sleep during foaling season.

Machinery upkeep: If machinery essential to your daily operations breaks down, you have to fix it right away to keep the farm running smoothly. And machinery does break down, often at the most inconvenient time. You have to get right to the task of fixing harvesting equipment or the backhoe (if you’re puttering around in the back pasture building a road) when it does break down. Or if the snow removal equipment breaks down after a huge snowfall, you can’t get around on your property if you don’t fix it. You can’t put off these things until another day.

Getting a handle on many of the skills you need to use on the farm — such as raising plants, caring for animals, or running farm equipment — is helpful. But it’s not necessary to be an expert, so don’t hold off on moving to the farm simply because you don’t know everything. A lot of the skills you need can be learned on the job, with some support from books, neighbors, or people at the cooperative extension service. When you first start your operations, keep them small enough to manage and be prepared for some trial and error.

Getting out and about

The wide open spaces of the country and the number of chores waiting at home can make leaving the farm a bit of a hassle sometimes. Here’s how getting out and about can differ from when you live in the city or suburbs.

Taking trips to town

When you live out in the country, going into town can become a chore. The trip is often a few more miles than the one you used to have, and you may not always want to go, even to take part in fun things. Also, you and your kids are likely to miss out on some of the good things the city has to offer, such as more cultural activities — museum visits or exposure to the theater. Of course, you can still do those things, but they’ll require a longer drive.