Holistic Science E-Book

Mustafa Özcan

• Herausgeber: eKitap Projesi
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Seitenzahl: 185

Beschreibung

INTRODUCTION

Mustafa Özcan's book on "HOLISM"

With the beginning of the Renaissance in the 17th century, a new way of thinking was initiated in the world of philosophy and science. Although the holistic approach was a popular way of thinking among philosophers in ancient Greece, it cannot be said that there was an important theoretical recovery in these periods. This movement in Europe is primarily Rene Descartes, who wrote books on scientific methods and brought important rules. This groundbreaking philosopher was followed by the great physicist Isaac NEWTON. On the other hand, in Germany, Leibniz has taken important steps on theoreticality and holism with an approach similar to Descartes. In the 20th century, with the great journey Charles Darwin made with his holistic point of view, holisticization also took an important step. At the beginning of the 20th century, Albert EINSTEIN fundamentally established the Darwin's-like important point of view in physics and astrophysics in his perspective on the universe and atoms.

This book, in my opinion, was an important step calling for holistic thought, which became increasingly impoverished at the beginning of the 20th century. I believe that this book, which tries to make a synthesis by reflecting in the views of many thinkers on both the history of philosophy, the history of science and holism, will try to fill an important deficiency in the literature.

Prof. Dr. Erol Başar

Beyond the blissful integration of classical, analytical, familiar science and philosophy, Mustafa Özcan, thinking about the design and use of Holistic Science, went beyond the Holistic Science, which is still in the embryo stage in Western science, and what he describes as "meta-theory". It aims to make HAK (Understanding Everything - (or Explainer) - Theory) understandable. You will try to grasp an extraordinary effort and an intellectual challenge with pleasure in this work.

Ateşan Aybars

Mustafa Özcan's Holistic Science book opens new horizons for those who think on these issues with a wide inclusive and integrative approach in the world intellectual environment where the debates about the end of science, philosophy and even history continue.

Prof. Dr. Fuat İnce

Holistic Science… It takes great courage to prepare a book on such a subject. Dear researcher and author, Mustafa Özcan, has made a great contribution to our society and our scientific world, as he has made such a subject into a book as a result of his research over the years.

Prof. Dr. Murat Dinçmen

Leseprobe

Holistic Science:

New Paradigm

Mustafa Özcan

Book Name: Holistic Science "New Paradigm"

Author: Mustafa Özcan

Editor: Ümit Ersöz

Interior & Graphical Design: E-Kitap Projesi

Cover Design: E-Kitap Projesi

Yayıncı (Publisher): E-KİTAP PROJESİ,

www.ekitaprojesi.com, 2023

Publisher Certificate No: 45502

Istanbul, September / 2023

eISBN: 978-625-8196-79-5

CONTACT:

E-posta:[email protected]

For reply and your comments

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© Copyright, Mustafa Özcan, 2023

All rights reserved. All publishing rights of this book belong to E-Book Project. Unauthorized duplication, other than promotional citations, is a criminal offense under the law. If you ask us instead of taking such action, we will be happy for a civilized and sharing world.

To Canan, Ece and Tuna…

Introduction

Mustafa ÖZCAN's book on "HOLISM"

With the beginning of the Renaissance in the 17th century, a new way of thinking was initiated in the world of philosophy and science.Although the holistic approach was a popular way of thinking among philosophers in ancient Greece, it cannot be said that there was an important theoretical recovery in these periods.This movement in Europe is primarily Rene Descartes, who wrote books on scientific methods and brought important rules.This groundbreaking philosopher was followed by the great physicist Isaac NEWTON.On the other hand, in Germany, Leibniz has taken important steps on theoreticality and holism with an approach similar to Descartes.In the 20th century, with the great journey Charles Darwin made with his holistic point of view, holisticization also took an important step.At the beginning of the 20th century, Albert EINSTEIN fundamentally established the Darwin's-like important point of view in physics and astrophysics in his perspective on the universe and atoms.

However, in the second half of the 20th century, scientists tried to specialize in their fields and gradually narrowed their fields of study and thought.One of the reasons for this is the proliferation of the unit of knowledge, and neither philosophers nor practicing scientists have been able to dominate all these issues.Apart from that, philosophy courses were abolished at universities and later in secondary education institutions.Compared to the education level in Europe, American scientists have remained completely away from the subject of philosophy and have increased their tendency to specialize in a single branch.I have seen the lack of this in my narrow study of neuroscience and witnessed that neuron science researchers make important mistakes for this reason.For this reason, in my book that examines Brain-Body integration in 2011, I suggested learning the way the brain works with a new Cartesian system. We named this system the "FoggyCartesian System".

While watching these developments in the international arena, I received a book written by Mustafa ÖZCAN on Holism.This book, in my opinion, was an important step calling for holistic thought, which became increasingly impoverished at the beginning of the 20th century.believe that this book, which tries to make a synthesis by reflecting on the views of many thinkers on both the history of philosophy, the history of science, and holism, will try to fill an important deficiency in the literature.

On the other hand since both general science, and philosophy at universities in Turkey and also in the central training process altogether neglected for the last 20 years, this book will be able to create significant ways of thinking for the young scientist.Our society longs for such steps.Because every advanced publication from the country reflects the heartbeat of that society.The book is not too long, it is comfortable and exciting to read.For this reason, I highly recommend Mustafa ÖZCAN's book to anyone interested in science and art, especially new young people starting academic life.

Prof. Dr. Erol BAŞAR

Finally, a work that pushes the boundaries of science.

In this work in your hand, you will take a tour of the boundaries of analytical science and hopefully read the concepts and studies that challenge the human mind with curiosity.Of course, I am not talking about a gripping novel, but for those with a passion for science, it is a reference work in terms of both content and language of expression.

This work, which is a hierarchical summary of over 20 years of hard work and intellectual effort, aims to establish a very difficult framework in the scientific arena.Beyond the joyous integration of classical, analytical, familiar science and philosophy, Mustafa Özcan thought about the design and use of holistic science, going beyond the holistic science, which is still in the embryo stage in Western science, and what he describes as "meta-theory". It aims to make AUT (All-Understanding (explaining) Theory) understandable.You will try to understand an extraordinary effort and an intellectual challenge with pleasure in this work.

As someone who has witnessed Mustafa Özcan's efforts from the beginning with admiration and desire, I would like to take his work a little further. As it is known, the quantum theory that started with Max Planck, which very few people explained a lot in a short time between 1900-1927, is known to all of us.With Werner Heisenberg's matrix mechanics, Edwin Schrödinger's wave mechanics, and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac's quantum algebra, the extraordinary intellectual efforts, and studies of the period resulted in the new "quantum mechanics" theory, and subatomic particle physics, the micro inanimate universe, became comprehensible.As the seminal result of the holistic approach, Mustafa Özcan goes even further and opens a new field of study to the world of science with the AUT matrix or the AUT meta-theory-model, which he developed for the integration of the sciences that will unite the living and non-living (physico-chemical) universe.

I know that holistic science is not easy to approach.Many concepts such as nature and dialectics, the limits and philosophy of familiar science, the methods of doing science and system thinking have come to fruition in this work, which consists of various researches, intellectual efforts, and writings compiled with a beautiful Turkish expression, and the AUT model has developed within the framework of holistic scientific thinking.

On this occasion, I should also state that; I think it will be beneficial for the reader to frequently consult the internet and various sources to understand some concepts.

Why should this work be read? First of all, an inaccessible work for science enthusiasts. Of course, the book appeals to a limited audience in terms of content. However, I think it will be a good reference book for anyone interested in science, whether experienced or not.

Hope it will be useful,

Ateşan Aybars

Holistic Science book by Mustafa Özcan

Mustafa Özcan's Holistic Science book opens new horizons for those who think about these issues with a wide inclusive and integrative approach in the world intellectual environment where the debates about the end of science, philosophy, and even history continue.With this approach, which he briefly named as HAK (All-Understanding (Explaining) theory), the author aims to "establish a very difficult roof in the scientific arena" in the broadest sense of the word holistic, rather than offering a multidisciplinary perspective to the world of science.I think this roof has been successfully established.It is pleasing for Turkish readers that the book consisting of the author's articles on holistic science is written in Turkish and it is a gain. This obstacle, unfortunately, in terms of making a worldwide impact, I hope will be overcome in time and the book will find its place in world literature.

Prof. Dr. Fuat İnce

Holistic Science

Holistic Science… It takes great courage to prepare a book on such a subject.Dear researcher and author, Mustafa Özcan, has made a great contribution to our society and our scientific world, as he has made such a subject into a book as a result of his research over the years.Both his research and the fact that he created such a book product as a result of his discussions and information exchange with scientists and researchers from many different segments over the years at the Kadıköy Thought Platform, which he put into practice, is beyond all kinds of praise.In the meetings of this platform, which I attended from time to time, I had the opportunity to get to know how deeply the discussions were made and the transfer of information took place.If only a book could be put forward as a product to be presented to our society after discussions and information exchange in various thought platforms in our country ...Mustafa Özcan fulfills an important pioneering role in this regard.I congratulate him and wish him great success in his future research.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Murat Dinçmen

Istanbul Technical University

Faculty of Management

Retired Faculty Member

November 2016

Preface

In essay-type articles on holistic science that I have prepared for a period of more than 20 years in general terms and seven to eight years in detail, I believe starting from its origin, the basic knowledge of this subject has been gathered. And since the first stage is complete, I believe the work now has now come to the point of integration.

Thus, I have come to the conclusion that a didactic-monographic type of work in the form of a collection of articles should be created, which is one of the first in the world to be published in the world with its feature of being directly related to holistic science.

As a matter of fact, in my online searches, I found that all but a few of the dozen or so books that contain the word holistic in their title are all about pseudo-science topics such as healing, yoga, and parapsychology.However, I would like to point out that there are also works that address the essence of holistic science and deal with the subject with other titles.Using the title of holistic science, I identified that these few, which are the science of the right, are not directly directed to the essence of the subject, but rather have secondary scopes.

On the other hand, I must emphasize at this point that the number of initiatives that have attempted to or continue to integrate the sciences by looking at other phenomena is not very low.  In most general terms, acting in line with an "anti-reductionist" approach, some brave attempts stand out among various theories, isms, schools, environments, models, and traditions that pursue this purpose.One of the important ones in this context is the initiative that emerged in philosophy and psychology in the interwar period by the German School of Thought, aimed at integrating the human sciences and natural science1.

1 http://www.amazon.com/Reenchanted-Science-Anne-Harrington/dp/0691050503/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1439189376&sr=1-1&keywords=Reenchanted+Science%3A+Holism+in+German+Culture+from+Wilhelm+II+to+Hitler

The other, on the other hand, did not succeed, which the Vienna Circle started in 1933 with the name "Einheitswissenschaft" ("Unified-science") within the framework of logical positivism;I should mention that it was an attempt to integrate the sciences.The fact that the attempt to unite scientific disciplines that present an eclectic structure under the epistemic framework of logical positivism is difficult, if not impossible, is now a matter of increasing acceptance by philosophers of science.On the other hand, the effort to unite the disciplines in an aggregation without the framework of relationship and meaning results in only a coalition of sciences, not a holistic science. This is naturally not the target.

On the other hand, it would be appropriate to think that more reasonable results will be obtained in original attempts that seek solutions with the strategy of orienting to integrating sciences under the general framework of systems theory.But what is more plausible than all of these is to approach integration both on a system basis and from two directions, namely from top to bottom and bottom to up.In addition, to carefully include the subject of multiple methods in sciences in this scope.The theory, which is abbreviated as AUT in the book, was born as a result of such an integration strategy.

***

I would like to show the situation in the world references to holistic science on the internet and the interest in the subject as evidence for the determination that I have put forward as a justification for preparing a monograph and that the topics are now at the level of completeness.As a matter of fact, the language of the visitors who are interested in the Kadıköy Thinking Platform, the Internet KDP-Blog, where we deal with these issues in Turkish, are from foreign countries, especially from the developed Western World, as a proof of this.

The encouraging reason for my attempt to turn these essays, which were published in various virtual environments, especially those of the KDP-Blog, into a book, was the persistent demands of my dear friends, "KDP-CST Regulars", whom I think have very broad and detailed ideas in the field of holistic science.

As a result, I have attempted to gather these essays written in essay style under the main headings that make up the Chapters, with some changes.

***

Articles on similar topics in the book under the titles of World View and Nature and Dialectics, the End of Common Science, Scientific Method In Philosophical Perspective, Holistic Science from the Perspective of Physics and Mathematics, Holistic Science and The All--Understanding Theory are gathered together as much as possible.

While the topics were merged, I tried to optimize the articles in a way that would create unity in the flow of the section text by revising a little bit.I tried to do this by ordering the articles according to a deductive approach.Thus, I wanted to give the essays a book-level integrity by leading to the formation of synergy-creating meanings through collecting.

Apart from these, in addition to increasing understanding, I tried to design and write a text that can be considered as an integrated summary of important articles as an Introduction Section in the length of an academic article.In this context, I shortened and combined some of the essays that I consider important in explaining the concept of holistic science in the text.By doing so, I hope that I get even more clarity and clarity on the subject.

On the other hand, I have always been aware of the necessity of the holistic science subject to be both inclusive and universal, as well as the difficulty of putting the essay style into writing and creating a monographic book based on the articles.

In addition to these difficulties, I am also aware that I am the target of a very narrow audience due to the nature of the subject.Despite all these drawbacks, I would like to sincerely express my wish that this initiative, which aims to create a monograph for holistic science directly towards the essence, will find a positive response when these demands are taken into account.

***

After this briefing about the general character of the book, let me give some information about the chapters now.

In the articles of the first part, the world views emerging as a whole of material and spiritual cultural orientations in the life layers of human societies of the historical flow, within the framework of dichotomous (bipolar) dual categories, the contents of the concept of holism, which I have discussed in the context of a dialectical-realist approach, are being examined.

The examination of the analytical situations that I call "The Known Science", has been questioned with the post-modernist movement, which reveals the deficiencies in normal science in various aspects, is discussed in the Second Chapter essays under the title of The End of Known Science.

The fact that a discipline of knowledge is the method that determines the scientific level at which it has reached is examined in the third part in the context of a rational-intellectual view.On the one hand, there are philosophy, culture, and history as the human sciences that view life in a society that we can call history, art, culture and humanity with a spiritual (worldly) understanding.On the other hand, it is seen that there are clusters of scientific knowledgedisciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, anthropology, sociology, and psychology on the basis of naturalistic (empirical-naturalistic) understanding.It would be appropriate to put phenomenology, which is at the same distance to each of them, that aims to reveal the essence of the concepts and defined as a philosophical method, as the constituent elements of the connection between these two information groups.

Following the examination of the method, the compatibility of the system idea, which frames and delimits the basic elements that are effective in integration for allkinds of processes, with holism is discussed in the essays under the title of system thinking.Thus, in this section, which deals with the systemic aspect of holism issues, a system idea perspective (phenomenon) is created that is suitable for the integration of the holistic approach on the cognitive-scientific ground.Ultimately, an intellectual plane, which includes various dimensions seen from different perspectives, necessary in the context of the integration of holistic science, is tried to be formed as the first ground of action.

I brought together the Fifth Section essays with an effort to create a factual-realistsystematic in a conceptual framework for the holistic approach by giving the subject a questioning aspect in terms of physics and mathematics and giving the information covered in the first four chapters in relation to the concepts of holism and holistic science.

Staying in this direction, within the scope of the essays in the Sixth Chapter, by moving to the upper layer of the formation (development) spiral, the concept, which is abbreviated as The All-Understanding (Explaining) Theory, or AUT for short, is basically the abstract summit of holistic science, and the subject has been characterized in terms of application-use.being done.Thus, it is aimed to integrate the theory and practice of holism in line with the dialectical flow principle.

***

As a result, in the "conceptual cycle" of the main spiral model that provides the flow in the holistic science model (in its sketches), with the general interpretation created by this flow within the context of theory and practice, the last essence, that is, the abstract summit in the form of AUT, which reflects the principle and the whole of the theory. Thus, this spiral flow, which has been adopted as a holistic strategy for the subject sequence, brings us to a point that provides an epistemological situation with an adaptive phase necessary for the unity of the theory and practice of the work.

***

I would like to address one more issue; To explain further on the question of why a second integration effort is needed with a broad Introduction outside the main text and why this first integration attempt with segmentation (sorting in groups) is currently the most appropriate formal option.

The purpose of transforming some of the conceptualizing essays in the book into a broad (academic) article with a more generalized set of the information under the title of Introduction is that I want to create an additional synergy in order to understand the essence of holism by giving the subject a more holistic character beyond the aggregation that is desired to be achieved by compartmentalization.

On the other hand, instead of selecting the articles explaining some concept and method pairs that come together for the purpose of integration in the order given in the Introduction and chapters:An aggregation under the titles of inanimate systems, that is, physico-chemistry, and its opposite living systems, that is, bio-ecology, would also be an appropriate approach.

However, in this case, it would be very difficult to establish a meaningful relationship between the Introduction and the subjects covered by the essays under the titles in the chapters. This is why this style was not preferred.

However, I would like to state that such a preference will be the most appropriate option after this preference made as Introduction and chapters to make conceptual articles more integrated.It can be seen that the main purpose should be to gather the disciplines with scientific character under two main headings as two "Omni-discipline" (always-knowledge-branched) clusters in line with the aim of creating holistic science by constructing them with the broadest scope.

However, for now, this situation will not provide useful results for the studies at this stage, as it will create obstacles rather than clarifying what the problems, contradictions, and deficiencies that will arise regarding holistic science that need to be investigated.In this respect, since it was also aimed at understanding what the problems and deficiencies were at this stage, it was necessary to choose a text editing (framework) and architecture that would balance the details and integrity in the subject in order to bring out the desired results.

This, as in the figurative tree model, requires a staging based on conceptualization that flows downward from the objective facts on the surface as leaves that make for the details of the subject to a trunk that integrates with the branches, and then to the roots underground.

We can say that this leads to a "tree" classification of subjects, more precisely a dialectical-realist taxonomy, that as a result, such an epistemological aggregation becomes the subject of another monographic work.

In the light of all these considerations, a book framework and architecture constructed in the style described above has been preferred for now.

Intro

Regarding the concept of holisticscience