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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Lebensstil
- Sprache: Englisch
Take the intimidation out of common home repair jobs
Home Maintenance For Dummies gives you the know-how you need to inspect, tune up, and make repairs to every room of your house. Learn how to stop drafty windows and doors, fix roof leaks, unclog pipes, silence squeaky floors, test your water pressure, fix a dripping faucet, and beyond. Plus, learn tricks of the trade to stop wasting energy, lower energy bills, and improve the comfort of your home. Some home maintenance jobs are easy to ignore, but you'll save thousands in repair costs if you keep things running properly. And when things do break, you can save even more money with DIY repairs. You'll be amazed how easy it is to do many common upkeep tasks yourself. With step-by-step guides, detailed diagrams, and instructions for every room of the home, you'll finally be able to fix those little problems that have been nagging at you. This updated edition covers the latest heating and cooling systems, tankless water heaters, LED lighting, solar power, and all the other newfangled stuff in your house.
- Learn how to conduct routine inspections, keep major appliances running efficiently, and avoid costly mistakes
- Make a list for the must-have tools in your toolbox
- Recognize the difference between an easy DIY repair and something an expert should handle
- Protect your home from long-term problems and secure the value of your asset
First-time homeowners looking for a guide to keep their dream home in tip-top shape, as well as homeowners who aren't familiar with common home repairs, will love this beginner-friendly Dummies guide.
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Home Maintenance For Dummies®
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
About This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
What You’re Not to Read
Foolish Assumptions
How This Book Is Organized
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: Home Maintenance and You
Chapter 1: Home Maintenance: What It Is and Why It Matters
Keeping Up with Upkeep
Benefiting from a Little TLC
Ready-Set-Go!
Chapter 2: Getting to Know Your House and Its Systems
The Exterior: It’s Nice to Fool Mother Nature
The Interior: Your Home’s Insides
Chapter 3: Creating Your Home Maintenance Plan
Creating Your What-to-Tackle List
Setting a Smart Home-Maintenance Schedule
Paying Attention to Safety
Choosing DIY or Going Pro: Know When to Call for Backup
Part 2: The Energy Envelope
Chapter 4: Foundation and Floor Frame Fundamentals
Focusing on the Foundation
Fixing Common Foundation Problems
Keeping Your Basement and Crawlspace Dry
Tackling Squeaks and Slopes in the Floors
Chapter 5: Roofing and Siding
Understanding Your Roof: The Fifth Wall of Your Home
Getting Your Mind into the Gutter
Siding: A Raincoat to Keep You Dry
Chapter 6: Windows, Exterior Doors, and Insulation
Saving Energy with Insulation
Looking at Windows: See the Light, Feel the Cold
Getting In and Out: Maintaining Exterior Doors
Part 3: Key Systems — Plumbing and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)
Chapter 7: Plumbing, Part I: Pipes, Water Heaters, Water Softeners, and More
Essential Plumbing Preparedness! Turning Off Your Main Water Valve
Replacing a Damaged Section of Pipe
Protecting Pipes in Frigid Weather
Quieting Noisy Water Pipes
Some Like It Hot: Checking Out Your Water Heater
Softening Your Water
Wishing Your Well Is Working Well
Chapter 8: Plumbing, Part II: Fixtures
Maintaining Fixture Surfaces: Stainless Steel, Cast Iron, Fiberglass, and More
Cleaning Your Faucet Works
Toilet Training 101
Maintaining Tubs and Showers
Keeping Your Tile Terrific
Chapter 9: Plumbing, Part III: Sewer and Septic Systems
Uncovering Sewer-System Basics
Keeping Your System Clog-Free
Unclogging the Waste Lines
Keeping Vents Free from Debris
Avoiding Problems with P-Traps
Determining Your Sewer System’s Fall
Maintaining Your Septic System
Chapter 10: Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems
Making Friends with the Monster: Your Furnace or Boiler
Ventilation: Letting Your House Breathe
Big or Small, an Air Conditioner Cools Y’all
Part 4: Inside Home Sweet Home
Chapter 11: Walls and Ceilings
Cleaning Walls and Ceilings
Dealing with Drywall
Plastering: More Trouble than You May Want
Interior Painting: Doing the Job Right
Making Paneling Look Like New
Wondering about Wallpaper
Chapter 12: Floors and Interior Doors
What’s Underfoot? Flooring
Dealing with Interior Doors
Chapter 13: Cabinets and Countertops
Cleaning Kitchen Cabinets
Something Old Is Something New: Refinishing Your Cabinets
Counter Intelligence: Cleaning and Caring for Your Countertops
Countertop Conversions: Transforming Your Old Countertop into a Stone, Granite, or Marble Masterpiece
Chapter 14: Appliances
Safety First
Caring for Your Cooktop
Opening the Door and Rolling Up Your Sleeves: The Oven
Cleaning Your Range Hood
Microwave Maintenance
Cleaning Your Dishwasher
Cleaning Your Fridge and Freezer
Prolonging the Life of Your Washer and Dryer
Chapter 15: Don’t Get Burned: Fireplaces
Keeping Your Fireplace Clean and Safe
Staying on Top of Fireplace Cracks
Dealing with the Damper
Caring for the Outside of Your Chimney
Cleaning a Soot-Covered Brick Fireplace Face
Making the Most out of Glass Doors and Screens
Chapter 16: Maintaining Your Home-Safety Systems
Using Smart Strategies for Fire Prevention
Preventing Carbon-Monoxide Poisoning
Keeping Your Natural-Gas Line Safe
Shining a Light on Electrical Safety
Avoiding Shocks and Sparks
Maintaining Your Burglar Alarm
Navigating the Ups and Downs of Automatic Garage-Door Opener Safety
Part 5: Out in the Great Wide Open
Chapter 17: Walkways, Patios, and Driveways
Cementing Your Relationship with Concrete
Getting Things on an Even Keel
Mastering Masonry Maintenance: Cleaning, Repair, and Sealing
Chapter 18: Decks, Fences, and Retaining Walls
Preserving Wood
Cleaning Your Wood Structures
Tightening Loose Rails, Fence Boards, and Fence Posts
Straightening Sagging Gates
Termite Troubles: Keeping Your House Off the Menu
Extending the Life of a Wood Retaining Wall
Chapter 19: And Then There Was Rust
Painting Tactics to Defeat Rust
Stripping Off Rust
When All Else Fails: Converting Rust
Part 6: The Part of Tens
Chapter 20: Ten Cleaning Solutions You Can Make at Home
All-Purpose, Handy-Dandy Cleaner
DIY Cleanser Scrub
Gentle Glass Cleaner
Natural Carpet Freshener
People-Friendly Oven Cleaner
Super-Duper Disinfectant Cleaner
Cola Concrete Stain Remover
Easy All-Surface Mildew Remover
Foamy Drain Freshener and Cleaner
Universal Roof-Cleaning Formula
Chapter 21: Ten (or so) Maintenance Skills You Need
Caulking
Knowing How (and What) to Lubricate
Recognizing and Testing for Problems
Choosing the Right Tool for the Job
Knowing Your Valves
Painting
Knowing How to Shut Things Off
Venting Moisture from Your Home
Replacing Filters and Cleaning Sensors
Checking On the Chimney
Tackling 10 Home Maintenance Tasks in Under 10 Minutes Each
Chapter 22: Ten Smart Home Products to Revolutionize Your Living Space
Smart Speakers
Smart Thermostats
Smart Lighting
Smart Door Locks
Smart Home Security Systems
Smart Plugs
Smart Water Valves
Smart Home Battery Solutions
Smart Heating and Cooling Systems
Smart Appliances
Index
About the Author
Advertisement Page
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
Chapter 4
FIGURE 4-1: Concrete slab.
FIGURE 4-2: Solid concrete.
FIGURE 4-3: Concrete block.
FIGURE 4-4: Chipping away loose material in a crack.
FIGURE 4-5: Tuck-pointing mortar joints.
FIGURE 4-6: Clogged gutters and grade sloping toward the house allow water to c...
FIGURE 4-7: Corrected roof and surface drainage prevents leaks in your basement...
FIGURE 4-8: Installing a vapor barrier.
FIGURE 4-9: Finding floor squeaks.
FIGURE 4-10: Tapping in a shingle with a hammer.
FIGURE 4-11: Drive a screw in the pilot hole.
FIGURE 4-12: Floor-leveling compound being poured across a floor.
FIGURE 4-13: Tapered shims installed on top of a sloped floor to level it.
FIGURE 4-14: Sistering a floor joist with a new joist can help restore strength...
FIGURE 4-15: Jacking up and sistering several floor joists can help level a sec...
Chapter 5
FIGURE 5-1: When cleaning or applying a preservative, always stand uphill of yo...
FIGURE 5-2: Replacing a composition shingle.
FIGURE 5-3: A two-part chimney flashing system.
FIGURE 5-4: Water-testing a pitched roof.
Chapter 6
FIGURE 6-1: Lightning rods are a great alternative to traditional insulation ne...
FIGURE 6-2: Insulate your pipes to prevent them from bursting in cold weather.
FIGURE 6-3: Heat-duct insulation keeps your energy costs low.
FIGURE 6-4: Stopping air infiltration with spray foam.
FIGURE 6-5: Caulking an outside window.
FIGURE 6-6: Left, sewing a screen; right, patching a hole in a screen.
FIGURE 6-7: Using a spline roller tool.
FIGURE 6-8: The NFRC label provides energy performance ratings in multiple cate...
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7-1: Using a sleeve clamp.
FIGURE 7-2: Adjusting the water pressure.
FIGURE 7-3: The major parts of gas-fired and electric water heaters.
FIGURE 7-4: Testing the temperature and pressure relief valve.
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8-1: Clearing clogged siphon jets.
FIGURE 8-2: An accordion plunger, a flange plunger, and a drain plunger.
FIGURE 8-3: A closet auger (also called a “closet snake” or “toilet snake”).
FIGURE 8-4: Lining the inside of your tank.
FIGURE 8-5: Avoid a flood by turning off the water supply to the toilet.
FIGURE 8-6: Use a wrench to loosen the nuts that anchor the toilet to the floor...
FIGURE 8-7: The ring acts as a seal between the toilet and the flange. When rei...
FIGURE 8-8: Attach a new wax ring.
FIGURE 8-9: Use a wrench to connect the water-supply line to the toilet fill va...
FIGURE 8-10: Using a grout saw to remove grout.
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9-1: Your sewer system.
FIGURE 9-2: Cleaning your disposal with ice and vinegar.
FIGURE 9-3: Using a plumber’s auger or snake to clear a line.
FIGURE 9-4: Parts of the septic system.
Chapter 10
FIGURE 10-1: Standard forced-air heating system.
FIGURE 10-2: Replacing a dirty HVAC filter at a ceiling return register.
FIGURE 10-3: A hot-water heating system.
FIGURE 10-4: Place a block under the radiator to get the right slope and preven...
FIGURE 10-5: Continuous ridge and soffit ventilation.
FIGURE 10-6: Ductless mini-split HVAC system.
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11-1: For small hole repairs, use a self-sticking mesh patch.
FIGURE 11-2: For larger holes, use drywall clips to secure the patch, then tape...
FIGURE 11-3: Truss uplift can cause gaps between walls and ceilings.
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12-1: Reforming a door hinge.
Chapter 14
FIGURE 14-1: Removing lint from inside the machine.
Chapter 15
FIGURE 15-1: A prefabricated metal fireplace.
FIGURE 15-2: Cleaning your damper.
FIGURE 15-3: The most common places where brick chimneys need repair and mainte...
FIGURE 15-4: Arresting chimney problems with a spark arrestor.
Chapter 17
FIGURE 17-1: Propping up the board with some bricks.
Chapter 18
FIGURE 18-1: Installing a fence repair bracket.
FIGURE 18-2: Giving your gate a lift.
FIGURE 18-3: Termite mud tunnels on a house foundation.
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Begin Reading
Index
About the Author
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Home Maintenance For Dummies®, 3rd Edition
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies.
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Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2024940754
ISBN: 978-1-394-24107-1 (pbk); 978-1-394-24109-5 (ebk); 978-1-394-24108-8 (ebk)
Introduction
Your home is like a superhero in your life, the caped crusader against decay, pests, and everyday wear and tear. It’s your fortress, and it deserves all the love and protection you can give it! It’s also the largest investment that you’ll ever make in your life. So, it makes good sense to do everything you can to maintain it.
In addition to protecting the structural integrity of your home, regular maintenance will make it more comfortable, safer, and more energy efficient. And don’t forget that a well-cared-for home stands out in the neighborhood, and that’s worth something — a bigger price tag when it comes time to sell, or simply the satisfaction of knowing that you’re in charge of your home and not vice versa.
Get ready for a rollercoaster ride of home-maintenance fun. Buckle up as we dive into the world of preserving your castle’s integrity, boosting comfort and energy efficiency, and standing tall in the neighborhood with a well-cared-for abode.
Home Maintenance For Dummies, 3rd Edition, is your trusty sidekick, packed with tips and tricks to keep your home shining like a beacon of pride and satisfaction. Enjoy the adventure!
About This Book
Like most For Dummies books, Home Maintenance For Dummies, 3rd Edition, is a reference, meaning that it was written with the expectation that you would not read it from cover to cover over a couple of sittings. Instead, consider it one of the most important reference tools in your home-maintenance arsenal — like your prized hammer or power drill that you pick up and use whenever necessary.
Each chapter is divided into sections, and each section offers instructions on a different home maintenance task, like
How to fix those pesky floor squeaks
What to do when you know you’ve got a leak but you don’t know where it’s coming from
What cleaning solution is the best for removing mildew
How to easily maintain those confusing machines that keep you comfortable, like your furnace, boiler, air conditioner, and water heater
How to prevent a flooded basement and how to fix it if your last fix didn’t work
How to reduce your energy costs while improving your comfort — all at once
How to decide whether to do it yourself or hire a contractor
Who needs this book? Everyone — no matter if your home is new or, like mine, was built in the last century! Seriously, if your home is an apartment, condo, single-family house, flat, co-op, cave, or hut; if you rent, own, or borrow; if your habitat is old, new, or somewhere in between, this book is for you.
Conventions Used in This Book
To help you navigate through this book and make maintenance as easy as possible, I’ve set up a few conventions:
Italics
are used for emphasis and to highlight new words or terms that I define.
Boldface
indicates the actionable part of numbered steps.
In addition to these standard conventions, whenever a task takes more than a few tools, I’ll provide a list so that you can gather everything you need before you start to work.
What You’re Not to Read
This book is written so that you can easily find information and easily understand what you find. And although I’d like to believe that you want to pore over every last word between the two yellow-and-black covers, I actually make it easy for you to identify skippable material — the stuff that, although interesting and related to the topic at hand, isn’t essential for you to know. This text appears in sidebars, which are the shaded boxes that appear here and there throughout the book. They share personal stories and observations, but they aren’t necessary reading.
Foolish Assumptions
You know what they say about the word assume. In any event, I’ve made the following assumptions about you:
You care about the appearance and condition of your home and, hence, its value.
You’re not a home-improvement fanatic, nor are you particularly handy — you don’t need to be.
You have a song in your heart, a smile on your face, and an insatiable desire to see your home be the best that it can be.
You don’t have a warehouse full of tools and you’re interested in getting only the tools you need. A few tools are of infinite value when it comes to home maintenance. However, the most complicated tool that you’ll need is a cordless drill/driver for sinking a screw here and there. The tools that you’ll find yourself needing most often are a scrub brush, a paintbrush, and plenty of patience.
You’re the type who always seeks help when needed and always puts safety first when attempting a home-maintenance endeavor.
How This Book Is Organized
The chapters of this book are divided into the following parts so that you can easily find just the information that you’re looking for.
Part 1: Home Maintenance and You
This part introduces you to the benefits of home maintenance and to the major systems and components in your home. You can also find a series of lists to help you keep your home-maintenance tasks organized. Follow this schedule, and your home will love you for it.
Even though you don’t have to read this book from cover to cover, I strongly recommend that you check out the three chapters in this part so that you have a clear understanding of what parts of your home require maintenance and why you should pay attention to them.
Part 2: The Energy Envelope
Your home’s envelope consists of all its exterior surfaces and associated components like windows and doors. And don’t forget the attic, roof, basement, and foundation. For you to be comfortable inside your home, its exterior must be secure and in sound condition. Turn to this part to discover how easily you can maintain your home’s exterior.
Part 3: Key Systems — Plumbing and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)
Nothing is scarier than hearing a noise that wasn’t there before emanating from mechanical equipment: a popping sound in the water heater, a faucet that suddenly sounds like it’s running on a flat tire, or a screeching racket inside the deepest, darkest part of your furnace. If you want to prevent or repair these elements of your home, check out this part.
Part 4: Inside Home Sweet Home
This part contains information on the stuff that you come into contact with on a day-to-day basis within your home, such as the walls, ceilings, floors, interior doors, cabinets, countertops, and appliances, to name a few. If you never venture into another part of this book, and you accomplish most of the tasks contained in this part, you’ll be light-years ahead of the home-maintenance curve. Part 4 helps you patch walls, quiet floors, unstick doors, cure cabinet woes, and fix fireplaces. And, as an added bonus, you’ll find out how to keep your home and yourself safe and secure. If this book could be compared to a meal, this part would definitely be the main course.
Part 5: Out in the Great Wide Open
If Part 4 contains all the stuff that you see everyday in your home, Part 5 is all about what you (and others) can see outside your home, such as walkways, paths, patios, decks, and driveways. Think that the interior of your home takes a beating? Consider the abuse that your wood deck, concrete patio, or metal porch railing is subject to from constant exposure to sunlight, rain, wind, and snow. Wood oxidizes, cups, and cracks; concrete expands, contracts, chips, and cracks; and metal can become a full-blown science experiment when covered with rust. Fortunately, Part 5 is chock-full of money-saving and time-tested tips and recipes that will tame even the most ferocious home-maintenance predator in your great wide open.
Part 6: The Part of Tens
In this part, you’ll find ten cleaning solutions you can make yourself. Not only will these recipes save you all kinds of money, but you’ll actually know what’s in the products you’re using. You’ll also find out about the ten home-maintenance skills you need to keep your home in tip-top shape, plus ten smart home products that I think will add value and convenience to your home ownership experience.
Icons Used in This Book
Some information in this book is so important that it’s emphasized by placing little pictures (called icons) next to certain points. Here’s what the icons mean:
This icon flags text that’s important and not to be forgotten.
The Tip icon represents your basic good idea or trick-of-the-trade. It’s what you wish somebody told you before you found out the hard way. I’m that somebody.
Kidding aside for this icon. I use this icon to steer you clear of things not to do! It points out dangers and health hazards you should be aware of.
Beyond the Book
In addition to the pages you’re reading right now, this book comes with a free access-anywhere cheat sheet that offers a number of home-maintenance-related pearls of wisdom. To get this cheat sheet, visit www.dummies.com and type home maintenance for dummies cheat sheet in the Search box.
Where to Go from Here
This book is organized so that you can go wherever you want to find complete information. Did your roof spring a leak? Head to Chapter 5. Need to replace a toilet? Chapter 8 is for you. If you’re not sure where you want to go, you can start with Part One — it gives you all the basic info you need, including vital safety guidelines and a home-maintenance plan to follow; plus, it points you to places where you can find more detailed information. You can also use the index to look up specific topics or the table of contents for broader categories. Or, simply let your fingers do the walking until you find a topic that inspires you, and let the games begin! This book makes for great armor — just don’t get it wet!
Part 1
Home Maintenance and You
IN THIS PART …
See why maintenance matters to your health and your wallet.
Get a handle on how your house systems work, and how to keep them working.
Put together a workable home maintenance plan.
Chapter 1
Home Maintenance: What It Is and Why It Matters
IN THIS CHAPTER
Making your home a safer and more comfortable place to live
Enhancing your home’s value
Saving money on repairs and energy
I grew up in a house that was built by my great-grandfather way back in 1886, and I’m proud to say that it’s where my wife and I raised three children and still call home today. Luckily for me, my ancestors must have been pretty handy over the years, taking on painting, plumbing, roofing, and a billion other tasks. Or so it seemed.
However, maintenance is not reserved for older homes. Home maintenance should begin the day the house is completed and continue for as long as the structure exists. But please don’t think that you’ve signed up for years of drudgery. Home maintenance needs shift by house age, and modern building materials perform better than those used in years past. In this chapter, I show you how home maintenance can be fast, easy, and even fun — and how it can save you money in the long run.
Keeping Up with Upkeep
Some homeowners think of maintenance as a challenge, something to take on, overcome, and, with luck, complete. Some see it as a learning experience, looking to master new skills and, in the process, improve their home. Some get into the Zen of it, finding enlightenment in knowing — and truly understanding — the inner workings of their dwellings. And some focus on the bottom line, seeing maintenance as the preservation and enhancement of their huge home investment. Most just want their homes to look nice and work well.
Personally, I find home maintenance projects to be good therapy, minus the therapist and comfy couch. Completing always leaves me with a sense of accomplishment. If that’s you, pull up an empty spackle bucket and sit yourself down for an enjoyable read about the world of home maintenance.
From little to big
As you approach maintenance, you have to stay on top of your to-do list to keep little problems from becoming big trouble. It’s smart to keep everything looking good, and keeping your home’s systems working efficiently also makes financial sense.
Maintenance is not about big, time-consuming, and expensive projects. In fact, one of the most effective and worthwhile tasks — painting a room — requires only a couple of gallons of paint, a $15 brush, and a $5 paint roller. Changing the furnace filter takes two minutes. Caulking a drafty window frame is a five-minute, $5 job. Doing these little things, and doing them continuously or as needed, makes a huge difference in the appearance, comfort, and efficiency of your home.
Over time, there will be more little projects than big ones. My advice: Do the little ones yourself. Most of them are easy to do. You’ll save money, your home will look and work better, and you’ll feel as though you’ve accomplished something. You’ll also build skills as you go and become more empowered to take on larger jobs.
Medium-size projects — like adjusting a sticking exterior door or replacing a toilet — need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. To decide whether to do them yourself or hire a pro, ask yourself these questions:
Do I have the right skills and knowledge?
Do I have the necessary tools?
Do I have the time?
If you have to say no to any one of these questions, you need to think hard before taking on the job. You may be better off hiring a pro.
Which brings us to the big projects, things like replacing the roof, leveling a floor, or pouring a new driveway. Unless you have some really awesome skills, solid experience, and know-how, as well as a workshop full of tools, hiring a pro is best. You may think you know how to build a deck, even if you’ve never done it before. However, there are people who build decks every day, people who know how to do the job right. It’s worth the cost of hiring a contractor to be satisfied with the end product.
Many of the folks who listen to my Money Pit radio show or podcast are homeowners who’ve taken on projects that are way beyond their expertise, require the purchase of expensive tools, and take much longer than expected. And they’re not calling to share how wonderful the projects have gone. They need help putting things back together or advice on how to find someone who can get the monkeys off their backs, so to speak. Don’t get caught in this trap. Be smart. Know your limitations.
I once had a caller to my show ask for help with a plumbing project — after his fifth trip to the hardware store. He figured if he could get a project done in less than five trips, it was worth it before calling a pro! While I don’t share his viewpoint, the key takeaway is that your time has a value, and you can waste a whole lot it if a seemingly simple project gets the best of you!
The chapters in Parts 2 through 5 contain many of the most common small and medium-size maintenance tasks that you can tackle yourself. And when a task really should be left to a pro, I tell you that, too.
From inside to outside
Homes are complicated. They have many components and systems that need to be monitored and maintained. (See Chapter 2.) Inside, the systems include plumbing, electrical, and heating/air conditioning. Plus, you’ve got the foundation, structural framing, walls, floors, appliances, countertops, cabinets, sinks, bathtubs, fireplaces, and more to care for. It sounds like a lot (and it is), but you can find all the details you need in Parts 2, 3, and 4.
Outside, the components that require attention include windows and doors, roof, chimney, garage door, concrete, masonry, and siding. The key thing to know about problems on the outside of your home is that if you don’t attend to them, they can become problems on the inside, too. That’s why I devote entire sections of Chapters, 5, 6 and 16 to helping you prevent and address problems outside.
Benefiting from a Little TLC
There are five major benefits to maintaining your home well:
Improved safety
Increased comfort
Enhanced home value
Money savings
Energy efficiency
Here’s what this list tells you: that home maintenance literally pays off. To put it another way, these five big benefits prove that an ounce of prevention really is worth a pound of cure. And, as you’ll soon discover, those are words to live by when it comes to your home.
To your health (and safety)
A poorly cared-for home is not just an aesthetic problem — it can hurt you:
A poorly maintained furnace can leak deadly carbon monoxide gas, a leading cause of poisoning deaths in the United States.
A smoke detector with a dead battery doesn’t work — it’s literally playing with fire.
A clogged gutter can lead to cracked foundations, flooded basements, and the growth of toxic mold.
An air-conditioning system that fails in the heat of summer or a furnace that takes a hiatus in the worst of winter can lead to extreme indoor temperatures, which can be dangerous.
A rotted subfloor can result in an unexpected visit to the floor below — complete with bumps, cuts, bruises, and maybe a trip to the hospital.
Simple home maintenance can prevent these disasters and make your house a safer place to live for you and your family. For example, replacing your smoke detector with a new ten-year model that never needs a new battery takes 15 minutes and could prevent you from losing your home, a pet, or a loved one, not to mention years of those annoying low-battery chirps!
YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR
Here’s the first rule of home-maintenance materials: Buy the best that you can afford. Doing so gives your home maximum benefit and protection. If you buy inferior materials, you’ll likely be doing the job over again soon. Worse yet, you may end up spending a hefty sum to make repairs that otherwise wouldn’t be needed had you spent a little more upfront. Not a bad proposition if you enjoy spending all your free time and spare change fixing up your home.
So how do you spell safety when it comes to your home?
M-A-I-N-T-E-N-A-N-C-E!
Comfort: You’ll miss it if it’s gone
Your house contains a number of systems and components that make it a comfortable place to live. (See Part 2.) Most people take the comfort systems in their house for granted. They don’t think about them until one of the systems breaks down. And then the result is a distinct lack of comfort.
For example, your home’s electrical system powers lights, your refrigerator, your water heater, and your washer and dryer, among other things. You may not think about your electrical system when you turn on lights, grab a cold can of soda from the fridge, take a hot, relaxing shower, or fold your freshly laundered clothes, but if that electrical system breaks down, you’ll quickly realize how much of your day-to-day comfort depends on it.
Because many of the systems found in houses these days have motors and moving parts, they’re especially vulnerable to wear and tear that, without preventive maintenance, could result in major inconvenience — and, at least at my house, lots of swearing.
Money in the bank
Preventing a problem is almost always less expensive than making repairs after a problem occurs. And it’s always less expensive to fix a little problem before it becomes big trouble.
Avoiding more expensive repairs
Here’s how the ounce-of-prevention thing works: The metal flashing that surrounds a chimney can be the source of a nasty roof leak if it’s not maintained. The $150 it costs to have a roofer reflash the chimney is a fraction of the hundreds or thousands of dollars you would spend to repair water damage to ceilings, walls, and flooring.
Gaps in siding and trim around windows and doors allow cold drafts and moisture to make their way into the wood skeleton of your home. Aside from driving up utility bills, the moisture produces rot that, in turn, weakens the structural elements in your home, and provides a veritable smorgasbord for structural pests like termites and other wood ravagers, as well as creating a breeding ground for dangerous mold. These small gaps can result in thousands of dollars’ worth of repairs and, if left unrepaired long enough, can actually lead to the demise of your home. The flip side: Spend five minutes and $10 to caulk the trim around a window. Your home will love you for it, and you’ll love yourself for saving so much of your hard-earned cash.
Increasing efficiency
Most people know that the more efficiently a mechanical device works, the less it costs to operate. A well-tuned automobile engine, for example, delivers far better fuel efficiency than a clunker. The same holds true with many of the machines that you have around your home. Your furnace is a great example. An annual service by an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) technician keeps the burners at peak efficiency. Along with a clean furnace filter, the furnace operates more efficiently, consumes less energy, and is less susceptible to breakdowns.
Energy savings equal money savings. Keeping the appliances in your home running efficiently also helps the environment — a major benefit for yourself and the planet.
Many times, improving efficiency requires the replacement of the system or appliance in question. A brand-new refrigerator is twice as efficient as one just seven years old. A new tankless water heater is significantly cheaper to operate than the tank-style water heater you’ve been using. Your 15-year-old air-conditioning system? Terribly wasteful! New ones feature more environmentally friendly refrigerants and must meet significantly tougher efficiency standards. The repair-versus-replace decision is complicated when it comes to appliances and energy-consuming systems. You need to consider whether it’s worth repairing an old, inefficient unit and whether the new one will pay for itself (and how long that will take). The handy chart in Chapter 14 will help guide that decision.
ROOTS: A HAMMER, NAILS, AND BLOCK OF WOOD
Precocious. That’s as good a word as any to describe me as a youngster. I had a habit of always getting into things I shouldn’t, until one day my parents figured out the perfect way to keep me busy. They pulled out a hammer, nails, and a block of wood. There I sat on the back porch of our house gleefully driving nails into wood, and the rest, as they say, was history.
I was blessed to have parents who knew which end of the hammer to hold. Whether by osmosis or DNA, I picked up skills and learned the value of taking care of our family home from those very early days forward. But I know that’s rarely the case today for many young homeowners, who rely on YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, or Home and Garden TV, where every project comes out perfectly — every time — or conveniently gets edited out long before you hit the Play button. Regardless of whether you consider yourself a capable do-it-yourselfer or not, I promise to show you the tips and tricks I’ve learned over the years to maintain your home — and help make sure you don’t become a do-it-TO-yourselfer!
Maintaining and increasing your home’s value
If you’re like most people, your home is the single largest investment of your lifetime. Besides just wanting a roof over your head, you may have also made this investment with the hopes of making some money on it when you sell the house. Thus, it makes good sense (and big bucks) to keep your home in tip-top shape.
As a former professional home inspector, I can tell you that homes with curb appeal sell faster and for more money than those with a worn, poorly maintained exterior. Conversely, a poorly maintained home can be a real eyesore and worth significantly less than its well-maintained counterpart. Even if you don’t intend to sell your home in the near future, maintaining your home is key to maintaining your initial investment.
Ready-Set-Go!
Now that you have an idea of what it is about your home that needs to be maintained and why it’s important to do so, you can use the information in this book to charge forward to tackle projects that have been on your to-do list. Keep in mind that when it comes to project order, you should crawl before you walk and walk before you run. So as not to become discouraged or end up with a mess on your hands, I suggest that you attempt smaller, more doable projects first. This approach gives you the opportunity to get comfortable using tools and materials you may not be so familiar with.
Callers to my radio show are often folks who’ve recently moved into a home and are charged up to take on a dozen or more projects — all at the same time! My advice? S-L-O-W D-O-W-N. Not only is it hard to manage many projects at once, but it’s also smart to live with what you have for a little while. One of two things will happen: You’ll either get used to the way things are and save a whole bunch of money by not doing the project, or the desire to make the change will persist and you’ll ultimately get the project done, but at a more manageable pace. Either way, you can’t lose.
Safety first! Always have the right tools and equipment for the job and never be in a hurry. Haste makes waste and is a recipe for potential injury and poor results. I suggest that you have a look at Chapter 3 for suggestions on what projects to take on first and the basic tools that you’ll need to accomplish most home-maintenance projects. Start with small projects and work your way up the ladder — literally and figuratively — to more-complex projects. With time and experience, you’ll grow increasingly comfortable and confident wielding a hammer in one hand and a caulking gun in the other.
When all’s said and done, the idea is to protect your home, save money, and have fun in the process. Who knows? You may just find that you like this home maintenance stuff. Let the adventure begin!
Chapter 2
Getting to Know Your House and Its Systems
IN THIS CHAPTER
Getting an overview of your home and its important parts
Looking at the common maintenance tasks for each part of your home
Home maintenance reminds me a lot of the Monopoly board game. Both involve a bit of a gamble with real estate. In the game, dice decide your destiny. A favorable roll can turn you into a real-estate baron. On the other hand, the wrong combination can land you straight in the pokey!
Each time you postpone a maintenance task, you’re rolling the dice with your home’s structural and aesthetic integrity as well as its value. Plus, although it isn’t very likely that failing to keep up your home will have you doing the jailhouse rock, sadly, there are occasions when such negligence can be dangerous and result in tremendous damage for which you can conceivably be held liable — not to mention the personal loss that you could suffer.
In this chapter, I show you that your home is more than just four walls and a roof; it is actually made up of a group of systems and fixtures, all of which need your loving care and attention from time to time. I introduce you to each of these systems, which I describe in greater detail throughout this book.
The Exterior: It’s Nice to Fool Mother Nature
Every area of a home needs ongoing maintenance, but some areas require more care than others. At the top of the “needy” list is a home’s exterior. The exterior is subject to constant deterioration thanks to the forces of Mother Nature — the sun, wind, and rain. Consequently, it’s no accident that you may find yourself spending a majority of your home-maintenance time on the exterior.
The following sections discuss the elements of a home’s exterior that will, from time to time, require maintenance.
Your home’s infrastructure: The foundation and floor frame
The foundation (which I discuss in detail in Chapter 4) is a key component of a home’s infrastructure. The other key component of the infrastructure is the floor frame, also covered in detail in Chapter 4. Together, these two components support the walls, roof, and other structural elements of your home.
The foundation
Your home’s foundation, whether it’s a basement, a crawlspace, or a concrete slab, is the element of construction that helps a home stay put. A level foundation can usually contribute to a level floor, windows and doors that operate smoothly, and the absence of cracks in walls and ceilings. For homes with basements, the foundation also holds back earth and limits the intrusion of unwanted water.
While you’d expect anything called a foundation to be stable, they’re not. Foundations move and shift based on the grading around the home, as well as the roof drainage and even the type of soil. Maintaining your foundation means taking steps to manage these external conditions to keep it from moving, settling, cracking, or shifting. But stabilizing a foundation does not require the work of bulldozers or jackhammers that you might expect. Not all cracks are concerning, and surprisingly simple tasks like sealing cracks before they spread and stopping moisture from collecting along the perimeter go a long way toward stopping foundation movement.
The floor frame
The floor frame consists of floor joists (beams which typically rest on girders) and the subfloor. The joists and girders travel horizontally and both rest on the foundation. The subfloor consists of boards or panels that are fastened to the joists. Finish flooring (carpet, vinyl, hardwood, and so on) is installed above the subfloor.
The floor frame is notorious for the maddening creaks and squeaks that occur when traipsing across it. Aside from the fact that floor squeaks can drive you nuts, they’re considered a sign of inferior construction, which can lower your home’s perceived value. Although this can be true, the reality is that even the best-built homes can suffer from a squeak now and again. Thus, silencing squeaks is the most common maintenance task when it comes to the floor frame. You can find all the information you need to successfully carry out this task in Chapter 4.
Roofing and siding: Your home’s protective coat
Most people think of siding as either vinyl or wood, but professionals use the term to describe a wider class of materials — whatever can be used as a finished, protective coat on the exterior walls of your home, such as vinyl, brick, wood, stucco, or a composite siding.
Siding is, by design, expected to stand up to the forces of nature, keeping wind, water, and all sorts of weather out of the walls it protects. That’s why maintaining your siding is key. Vinyl can loosen, wood siding can split, and stucco can crack. You’ll discover that exterior wall maintenance is all about preserving the integrity of the siding.
Think of the roof as the fifth wall of your house. It’s subject to all the same forces that siding is, and then some. Like siding, rain and sun are a roof’s biggest enemies. Maintenance on your roof isn’t much different from what you do to maintain your siding. So, I combine roofing and siding in Chapter 5.
Keeping a roof clean of unsightly moss or algae is another common maintenance task. Metal flashing at vents, chimneys, skylights, valleys, and other critical areas most prone to leak, often requires attention to prevent water intrusion. And although not officially a part of the roof, gutters and downspouts are essential when it comes to managing water around your home and, when well maintained, can prevent everything from a roof leak to a severely flooded basement or crawlspace. Keeping gutters clean and spouts secured and extended away from the house count among the most common gutter and spout-related maintenance tasks.
KEEPING YOUR EYE ON THE DOUGHNUT
Maintaining a house can seem complicated, especially if it’s your first venture into home ownership. To avoid getting overwhelmed, focus on the doughnut, not the hole. What does this have to do with home maintenance? Plenty!
When dealing with home maintenance, concentrate on the root of a problem (the doughnut) instead of focusing on the symptom (the hole). For example, I once worked with a major lock manufacturer who’d released one of the first keyless deadbolt door locks. The problem was that consumers were complaining the lock had a very short battery life and the deadbolt kept getting stuck. The consumers were focused on “the hole” and blamed the manufacturer.
The problem, however, had nothing to do with the lock. It was the door that needed adjustment. When doors get out of alignment, most of us will compromise by pushing, pulling, or lifting just enough to get the door to properly close. With a keyless entry, that’s not possible. The door must be aligned for the deadbolt to slide smoothly into place — every time. Focusing on the “doughnut,” I produced a step-by-step video to teach consumers how to adjust a door so it closes perfectly — every time — and never heard a discouraging word about stuck locks again! (If this problem sounds familiar, Chapter 6 tells you all about maintaining doors.)
Windows, exterior doors, and insulation
Like siding, windows and doors keep the forces of nature out, while allowing you a clear view of the exterior from the comfort of the interior. But unlike siding, windows and doors are designed to provide light, ventilation, and access, which means they come with moving parts that need to be maintained! Insulation provides a key role as well, keeping you comfortable year-round.
Windows and doors
Windows and doors are frequently among the most maintenance-intense elements, primarily because, unlike siding and roofing, windows and doors have moving parts that suffer from wear and tear. What’s more, in most homes, windows and doors are also responsible for the majority of energy loss.
Water leaks, drafts, and condensation are a few of the most common window-related maintenance issues. As for doors, a touch of lubrication to hinges and hardware, shimming a hinge, and adjusting a strike plate or door bottom can be the saving grace to any door.
Chapter 6 offers tips on these window- and door-maintenance tasks.
An out-of-level floor can make doors and windows tough to operate and can be the cause of cracks in walls over windows and doors. If you’re tired of patching cracks and wrestling with doors and windows, head to Chapter 4. Out-of-level floors have virtually nothing to do with the floor itself and almost everything to do with the foundation and soil that support it. I’ll share tips to help you stabilize that settlement and avoid further window or door follies!
Insulation
Insulation is like a nice, warm blanket on a cold winter’s night. It can make all the difference when it comes to comfort and energy efficiency. Insulation can typically be found in the attic, exterior walls, and between the floor beams above crawlspaces and basements. There are all kinds of insulation, ranging from fiberglass to mineral wool to spray foam. Over time, some types of insulation can settle, becoming more compact and less effective. That’s the bad news. The good news is that in Chapter 7, I show you what you can do about it.
Walkways, patios, and driveways
Walks and patios are to a home’s exterior what halls and entertaining areas are to a home’s interior. Can you imagine directing a houseguest down a hall with an uneven walking surface or trying to entertain a group of people in a room with chunks of carpet, tile, or hardwood missing? Doing so would inevitably result in a twisted ankle or a nasty fall — talk about putting a damper on a party! Why, then, would you be any less attentive to the condition of the walking and entertaining surfaces outside your home?
In the grand scheme of things, chances are good that the walks, paths, patios, and steps that surround your home are subject to as much traffic as, or more traffic than, many spaces within your home. In addition to the safety aspects of an uneven step, loose patio brick, or cracked walkway, these and other paved areas, such as a driveway or carport, can have a tremendous influence on the overall appearance (the “curb appeal”) of your home. Accordingly, they should be given the same degree of attention when it comes to home maintenance.
Paths, patios, and other paved areas typically consist of concrete, brick, stone, or asphalt. None of these materials is immune to the need for periodic maintenance. Uneven surfaces, cracks of varying proportion, potholes, and staining are conditions that cry out for attention. Ironically, the need for many of these repairs can be prevented down the road with ongoing maintenance. For example, a driveway remains more resilient and water-resistant and, hence, is less likely to crack when a sealer is periodically applied.
If your driveway looks like a truck stop or your front walk has holes the size of the Grand Canyon, you can clean ’em, patch ’em, seal ’em, or even stain or paint ’em using the information found in Chapter 17.
Decks
Decks are perhaps the most popular outdoor place for rest, relaxation, or entertainment in a house. They’re most commonly made from wood, composite, or vinyl and take the brunt of everything Mother Nature can throw at them. For this reason, they need regular maintenance and a review to make sure they’re safe. For wood decks, the walking surface, steps, and railings need to be stained to protect them from cracking brought on by an intense baking from the sun. Vinyl and composite decks won’t need staining but can pick up super-slippery moss or algae that needs to be cleaned. And all decks need a structural review to make sure they’re safe and secure for your family and the 40 friends you want to invite over for a big summer BBQ blowout! Chapter 18 is chock-full of information that you can use to make your deck safe, sound, and the envy of your neighborhood.
Fences
Fences, like decks, come in all shapes, sizes, and materials. Wood, steel chain-link, ornamental iron, vinyl, and the new kid on the block, composite fencing, are the materials that are most widely used. In spite of the vast array of material choices, most fences are constructed of wood, including wood posts, wood framing, and wood fence boards (or pickets).
Regardless of the material used to construct it, keeping a fence plumb (upright); preventing posts, framing, and fence boards from deteriorating or being ravaged by pests; keeping fence boards securely attached to the framing; and taking the sag out of a gate are the items that can be found on most homeowners’ checklists. Chapter 18 tells you all about these tasks, and more.
Retaining walls
If your home is built on anything other than a flat lot, you may know that a retaining wall holds back earth that would otherwise come crashing through to your home or yard. You can also use a retaining wall to expand the “usable” area of a property that slopes by terracing the steeper hills.
Although more and more retaining walls are being constructed of interlocking decorative blocks that need little maintenance, lots of residential, garden-variety retaining walls are constructed of wood posts and wood landscape ties (large beams that can be stacked to hold back the earth). As it should be clear by now, wood needs a lot of attention to remain sturdy and effective. The information in Chapter 18 about maintaining retaining walls can add years to the life of your retaining wall.
The Interior: Your Home’s Insides
As with the exterior of your home, basic elements of the interior require maintenance from time to time. The following sections help you identify these elements and the ongoing maintenance they require.
The plumbing system
Of all of a home’s systems, the plumbing system is likely the most demanding when it comes to maintenance. Leaking pipes, clogged drains, and a gurgling water heater are just a few of the many plumbing-related maintenance challenges that pop up.
Let me be the first to tell you that Chapters 7, 8, and 9 are all wet. That’s because they focus on running water in the home. In these chapters, you can find out how to locate and shut off your main water valve, keep your water heater happy, and care for wells and water softeners, as well as a bunch of other stuff.
Although the plumbing system is one of the most maintenance-intensive, it really isn’t particularly complex. Even beginners can easily perform the most common plumbing maintenance tasks: cleaning, lubricating, adjusting, and replacing worn parts. Make your plumber jealous by reading all about these simple maintenance tasks in Chapters 7, 8, and 9.
