Interior Detailing E-Book

David Kent Ballast

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 426

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2010

Beschreibung

The all-in-one interior detailing guide that unites creative and technical aspects

A well-executed interior space requires the successful combination of the creative and the technical. Interior Detailing bridges the gap between design and construction, and shows how to develop and transform design concepts into details that meet the constraints, functional requirements, and constructability issues that are part of any interior design element. It offers guidance on how design professionals can combine imaginative thinking and the application of technical resources to create interiors that are aesthetically pleasing, functionally superior, and environmentally sound. Interior Detailing:

• Includes 150 easy-to-understand details showing how to logically think through the design and development of an assembly so that it conforms to the designer's intent and meets the practical requirements of good construction

• Describes how to solve any detailing design problem in a rational way

• Contains conceptual and practical approaches to designing and detailing construction components thatform interior spaces

• Shows how a small number of principles can be used to solve nearly any detailing problem

This guide covers the subject of interior spaces comprehensively by balancing the contributions of physical beauty and structural integrity in one complete volume. By following the principles laid out in this book, interior designers and architects can plan for the construction of a unique interior environment more thoughtfully and with a clearer, better-defined purpose.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

List of Tables

Table of Figures

PREFACE

Acknowledgments

Introduction

HOW SI UNITS ARE USED IN THIS BOOK

PART 1 - ROADMAP TO SOLVING DETAILING PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 1 - THE DESIGN/DETAILING PROCESS

1-1 INTRODUCTION

1-2 WHAT IS DETAILING?

1-3 THE DRAWING-THINKING-DRAWING CYCLE

1-4 PROCESS TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

1-5 DETAILING COMPONENTS AND PROCESS

1-6 THREE PURPOSES OF A DETAIL

1-7 PROGRAMMATIC CONCEPTS VERSUS DESIGN CONCEPTS

CHAPTER 2 - CONSTRAINTS

2-1 INTRODUCTION

2-2 SUBSTRATES AND ADJACENT CONSTRUCTION

2-3 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

2-4 BUDGET

2-5 TIME

2-6 CLIMATE

2-7 LOCAL LABOR CONDITIONS AND TRADE PRACTICES

2-8 INDUSTRY STANDARDS

2-9 MATERIALS

CHAPTER 3 - FUNCTION

3-1 INTRODUCTION

3-2 CONCEALMENT AND FINISH

3-3 HUMAN FIT/OBJECT FIT

3-4 SAFETY: PROTECTION FROM ACCIDENTAL HARM

3-5 SECURITY: PROTECTION FROM INTENTIONAL HARM

3-6 SUSTAINABILITY

3-7 CHANGE AND RELOCATABILITY

3-8 FIRE RESISTANCE

3-9 ACOUSTICAL CONTROL

3-10 MOISTURE/WATER RESISTANCE

CHAPTER 4 - CONSTRUCTABILITY

4-1 INTRODUCTION

4-2 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

4-3 CONNECTIONS

4-4 MOVEMENT

4-5 TOLERANCES

4-6 CLEARANCES

4-7 DURABILITY

4-8 MAINTAINABILITY

4-9 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

PART 2 - ELEMENTS

CHAPTER 5 - DIVIDING AND CREATING SPACE WITH PERMANENT BARRIERS

5-1 INTRODUCTION

5-2 ELEMENT CONCEPTS

5-3 FUNCTION

5-4 CONSTRAINTS

5-5 COORDINATION

5-6 METHODS

CHAPTER 6 - DIVIDING AND CREATING SPACE WITH TEMPORARY BARRIERS

6-1 INTRODUCTION

6-2 ELEMENT CONCEPTS

6-3 FUNCTION

6-4 CONSTRAINTS

6-5 COORDINATION

6-6 METHODS

CHAPTER 7 - OVERHEAD LIMITS—CEILINGS

7-1 INTRODUCTION

7-2 ELEMENT CONCEPTS

7-3 FUNCTION

7-4 CONSTRAINTS

7-5 COORDINATION

7-6 METHODS

CHAPTER 8 - THE GROUND PLANE—FLOORS, STAIRS, AND RAMPS

8-1 INTRODUCTION

8-2 ELEMENT CONCEPTS

8-3 FUNCTION

8-4 CONSTRAINTS

8-5 COORDINATION

8-6 METHODS

CHAPTER 9 - SPATIAL CONNECTION—OPENINGS, DOORS, AND GLAZING

9-1 INTRODUCTION

9-2 ELEMENT CONCEPTS

9-3 FUNCTION

9-4 CONSTRAINTS

9-5 COORDINATION

9-6 METHODS

PART 3 - TRANSITIONS

CHAPTER 10 - WALL TRANSITIONS

10-1 INTRODUCTION

10-2 CONNECTIONS OF MAJOR ELEMENTS

10-3 WALL TO FLOOR

10-4 WALL TO CEILING

CHAPTER 11 - PLANAR TRANSITIONS

11-1 PARTITION TO PARTITION

11-2 FLOOR TO FLOOR

11-3 CEILING TO CEILING

CHAPTER 12 - STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS

12-1 INTRODUCTION

12-2 COLUMNS

12-3 BEAMS

12-4 SUSPENDED OBJECTS

APPENDIX A - Resources

APPENDIX B - Industry Standards for Interior Materials and Products

INDEX

Table of Figures

Figure 1-1 The drawing-thinking-drawing cycle

Figure 1-2 Bubble diagram

Figure 1-3 Area diagram

Figure 1-4 Evaluation matrix

Figure 1-5 Morphological chart

Figure 1-6 Hierarchy in context

Figure 1-7 Concept alternatives

Figure 1-8 Four aspects of detailing

Figure 1-9 The detailing process

Figure 1-10 Actual detailing process

Figure 1-11 Development sketches

Figure 1-12 Study sketches

Figure 1-13 Borrowed light final sketch

Figure 1-14 Design concept

Figure 2-1 Sequence of determining constraints

Figure 2-2 Sketch of constraints

Figure 2-3 Common metal framing components

Figure 2-4 Glazing framing dimensions

Figure 2-5 Standard stainless steel shapes

Figure 2-6 Standard brass shapes

Figure 3-1 Minimize weight/thickness of covering

Figure 3-2 Covering joints

Figure 3-3 Reveal joint covering fire-rated partition

Figure 3-4 Covering connections for safety

Figure 3-5 Trim covering an expansion joint

Figure 3-6 Use removable coverings

Figure 3-7 Clearances for HVAC distribution equipment

Figure 3-8 Actual pipe sizes

Figure 3-9 Sprinkler piping clearances

Figure 3-10 Clearances for electrical conduit and boxes

Figure 3-11 Typical clearances for recessed luminaires

Figure 3-12 Use separate chases

Figure 3-13 Avoiding sharp edges

Figure 3-14 Handrail configurations

Figure 3-15 Security partitions

Figure 3-16 Ballistic protection partition

Figure 3-17 Two-hour rated steel column enclosure

Figure 3-18 Sound attenuation partition components

Figure 3-19 Acoustical principles for doors

Figure 3-20 Glazing detail for acoustical control

Figure 3-21 Plenum sound barriers

Figure 3-22 Proprietary acoustic clip

Figure 3-23 Drips to shed moisture

Figure 3-24 Movement joint with thin-set tile

Figure 4-1 Basis structural loads

Figure 4-2 Beam action

Figure 4-3 Types of bolt and screw heads

Figure 4-4 Hinge types

Figure 4-5 Recommended average moisture content for interior wood products

Figure 4-6 Relieved backs

Figure 4-7 Interior control and expansion joints

Figure 4-8 Sliding joints

Figure 4-9 Site constructed slip joint

Figure 4-10 Proprietary fire-rated slip joint

Figure 4-11 Relief joints at perimeter walls

Figure 4-12 Building separation joints

Figure 4-13 Provide clear space

Figure 4-14 Methods of accommodating tolerances

Figure 4-15 Repositionable connections

Figure 5-1 Vertical barrier concepts

Figure 5-2 Types of planar barriers

Figure 5-3 Methods of creating raised faces

Figure 5-4 Gypsum wallboard trims

Figure 5-5 Methods of creating relief faces

Figure 5-6 Types of panelized barriers

Figure 5-7 Methods of creating reveals

Figure 5-8 Wall-supported overlapping planes

Figure 5-9 Ceiling-suspended overlapping planes

Figure 5-10 Barriers with openings

Figure 5-11 Types of translucent barriers

Figure 5-12 Detailing broken planes

Figure 5-13 Methods of mounting screen material

Figure 5-14 Overhead track mounting

Figure 5-15 Types of partial-height barriers

Figure 5-16 Low-partition bracing

Figure 5-17 Gypsum wallboard caps

Figure 5-18 Types of thick barriers

Figure 6-1 Temporary barrier concepts

Figure 6-2 Types of full-height partitions

Figure 6-3 Movable panel details

Figure 7-1 Ceiling concepts

Figure 7-2 Closed-ceiling concepts

Figure 7-3 Open-ceiling concepts

Figure 7-4 Ceiling coordination items

Figure 7-5 20 × 60 ceiling grid

Figure 7-6 Sprinkler spacing

Figure 7-7 Types of ceiling-mounted air diffusers

Figure 7-8 Types of ceiling grids

Figure 7-9 Gypsum wallboard ceiling framing

Figure 7-10 Ceiling height transitions

Figure 7-11 Lighting coves

Figure 8-1 Ground plane concepts

Figure 8-2 Stair placement concepts

Figure 8-3 Ramp placement concepts

Figure 8-4 Accessible ramps

Figure 8-5 Stair requirements

Figure 8-6 Wood strip flooring

Figure 8-7 Thin wood flooring

Figure 8-8 Ceramic tile flooring

Figure 8-9 Stone flooring

Figure 8-10 Terrazzo flooring

Figure 8-11 Flooring transition strips

Figure 9-1 Openings

Figure 9-2 Types of door operation

Figure 9-3 Doors with surrounding construction

Figure 9-4 Frame concepts

Figure 9-5 Types of glazed openings

Figure 9-6 Door relationship to glazing

Figure 9-7 Types of Doorframes

Figure 9-8 Standard doorframe and hinge settings

Figure 9-9 Types of glass frames

Figure 9-10 Frameless glazed opening

Figure 9-11 All glass interior entrance door

Figure 9-12 Typical fire-resistance-rated glazing detail

Figure 9-13 Safety glazing locations

Figure 9-14 Recessed blind pocket

Figure 10-1 Wall-to-floor transition concepts

Figure 10-2 Standard wall-to-floor connections

Figure 10-3 Flush base details

Figure 10-4 Recessed base details

Figure 10-5 Wall-to-floor connections with featured bases

Figure 10-6 Floating floors

Figure 10-7 Floating wall

Figure 10-8 Component wall-to-floor connections

Figure 10-9 Wall-to-ceiling transition concepts

Figure 10-10 Standard wall-to-ceiling connections

Figure 10-11 Vertical ceiling reveals

Figure 10-12 Structural wall-to-ceiling connections

Figure 10-13 Ceiling continuity over glazing

Figure 10-14 Horizontal ceiling reveals

Figure 10-15 Lighting coves

Figure 10-16 Planar wall-to-ceiling connections

Figure 11-1 Partition-to-partition transition concepts

Figure 11-2 In-plane partition transitions

Figure 11-3 Plain offset partition transitions

Figure 11-4 Methods of forming chamfers

Figure 11-5 Interrupted offset partition transitions

Figure 11-6 Reentrant corners

Figure 11-7 Floor-to-floor transitions

Figure 11-8 In-plane floor transitions

Figure 11-9 Floor transition details

Figure 11-10 Interrupted offset floor transitions

Figure 11-11 Glass guard and level change

Figure 11-12 Ceiling-to-ceiling transition concepts

Figure 11-13 In-plane ceiling transitions

Figure 11-14 Planar transition details

Figure 11-15 Offset ceiling transitions

Figure 11-16 Emphasized edges

Figure 12-1 Dependent column-to-ceiling transitions

Figure 12-2 Framed column capital

Figure 12-3 Independent column-to-ceiling transitions

Figure 12-4 Dependent column-to-floor transitions

Figure 12-5 Independent column-to-floor transitions

Figure 12-6 Finish column-to-beam transitions

Figure 12-7 Architectural column-to-beam transitions

Figure 12-8 Beam-to-partition transitions

Figure 12-9 Beam-to-ceiling transitions

Figure 12-10 Beam-to-beam transitions

Figure 12-11 Suspended object transitions

Figure 12-12 Suspension hardware

List of Tables

Table 2-1 Substrates for Interior Details

Table 2-2 IBC Requirements for Interior Partition Materials

Table 2-3 IBC Requirements for Quality of Common Interior Materials Other Than Partitions

Table 2-4 Summary of Tests for Flammability of Interior Design Components

Table 2-5 Flame-Spread Ratings

Table 2-6 Trade Divisions of Labor

Table 2-7 Approximate Maximum Glass Sizes Based on Type and Thickness

Table 2-8 Recommended Face and Edge Clearance for Interior Glass

Table 2-9 Recommended Joint Width for Butt-joint Glazing

Table 2-10 Standard Sizes of Common Stainless Steel Shapes

Table 2-11 Standard Sizes of Brass Shapes

Table 2-12 VOC Limits for Interior Materials

Table 3-1 Plumbing Pipe and Coupling Sizes

Table 3-2 Embodied Energy in Common Interior Detailing Materials

Table 3-3 Sustainable Product Certification Programs

Table 3-4 Noise Reduction Coefficients

Table 3-5 Effect of Barrier STC Ratings on Hearing

Table 3-6 Sound Isolation Criteria of Dwelling Units

Table 3-7 Impact Insulation Class between Dwelling Units

Table 3-8 Recommended Ceramic Tile Expansion Joint Width and Spacing

Table 4-1 Common Industry-Standard Construction Tolerances

Table 5-1 Fire-Resistive Tests Applicable to Permanent Partitions

Table 5-2 Standard Industry Tolerances for Floors

Table 5-3 Specialty Wall Finish and Accessory Manufacturers

Table 5-4 Approximate Load Capacity of Common Fasteners for Interior Use

Table 5-5 Specialty Glazing Materials for Translucent Barriers

Table 5-6 Cable Rail and Support Manufacturers

Table 6-1 Movable Panel and Wall Manufacturers

Table 7-1 Air Diffuser Manufacturers

Table 7-2 Suspended Ceiling Manufacturers

Table 7-3 Ceiling Trim Manufacturers

Table 7-4 Open Grid Ceiling Manufacturers

Table 8-1 Subfloor Tolerances Required for Finish Floors

Table 8-2 Transition Strip Manufacturers

Table 8-3 Interior Railing Manufacturers

Table 9-1 Glass Types

Table 9-2 Minimum Interior Glass Thicknesses

Table 9-3 Opening Protective Requirements for Interior Partitions

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Ballast, David Kent.

Interior detailing : concept to construction / David Kent Ballast.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-470-50497-0 (cloth : alk. paper); ISBN 978-0-470-91642-7 (ebk); ISBN 978-0-470-91643-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-0-470-91644-3 (ebk)

1. Building-Details. 2. Interior architecture. I. Title.

TH2025.B36 2010

729—dc22 2010003427

PREFACE

Throughout my professional career, I have noticed that the best interior design and architecture is a combination of innovative, creative thinking coupled with solid technical proficiency. A good design alone is not sufficient; it must be combined with the best construction technology and detailing techniques. Without good detailing and the best selection of materials, the most imaginative design will suffer by not adequately meeting the function for which it was intended, being unsafe, costing more money than it should, making construction difficult, wearing out over time, and being a maintenance problem.

Conversely, a perfectly executed technical solution is not enough if the designer has failed to fully explore options and creative ways to solve the problem before starting the construction drawings. Solutions to problems approached this way may serve their basic function but will miss their potential to fully express design possibilities and targeted, client-oriented solutions.

During my many years of teaching interior construction, I realized that the reason for the dichotomy often seen between conceptual design and construction design is the way the human brain works. This is based on the left brain/right brain theory, which in simple terms, suggests that the left brain hemisphere handles analytical, logical thinking, and the right hemisphere is the creative, intuitive side. The work and questions of my students suggested that if someone is predominately right or left brained he or she cannot be as good a designer as someone who has the ability to use both sides of the brain almost simultaneously. This ability is typically learned in school and during the early stages of a designer’s practice, but many times a person stays with one more than the other to the detriment of good design problem solving.

This book is an attempt to bridge the gap between broad, conceptual design thinking and the specific requirements of designing all the necessary aspects of an interior space. Both are necessary for a successful design and one cannot really exist without the other. I hope that both students and practicing interior designers can benefit from viewing both sides of the issue, especially if they tend to focus on one more than the other. This simultaneous thought process is really one of the most valuable skills that interior designers and architects can offer their clients when they undertake to solve the wicked problems of design discussed in Chapter 1. Not many people can juggle the creative and the technical to solve environmental problems while creating interiors that are a joy in which to work, play, and live.

The first part of the book provides a general approach to designing a detail that is applicable for any design problem and includes the many factors that must be considered. The second part of the book discusses some of the primary elements of interior design and gives both conceptual and technical ways to fulfill the design intent of the project. The last part of the book provides some conceptual ideas for making the connections between individual interior elements and offers some starting points to make these connections.

Because so much of interior design is proprietary—that is, specific manufacturer’s products are used to solve specific problems—I have included some of these with the manufacturers’ web sites as a starting point so the reader can get more ideas and information. These listings are by no means complete, so I encourage readers to explore some of the general building product web sites given in the back of the book to do further research for specific design problems. By applying the guidelines I provide in the first part of this book with other details in the book and specific manufacturer’s information, you can approach any design problem wisely and competently.

David Kent Ballast, FAIA, CSI

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank the many people who contributed to the making of this book. For the publisher, Amanda Miller, vice president and publisher, and John Czarnecki, Assoc. AIA, senior editor, were instrumental in helping me through an idea I had many years ago. Thanks also to the other fine people at John Wiley & Sons: Nancy Cintron, senior production editor; Sadie Abuhoff, editorial assistant; Foxxe Editorial Services, for copy editing, and Aptara for design and page layout. My thanks also to the many students I have instructed over the years for helping me see how designers learn and how to logically think through the process of design.

INTRODUCTION

Interior Design and Detailing—Concept to Construction provides interior designers, architects, and others involved in the making of the interior environment a unique resource for creating interior details that work. Design alone is not sufficient for a successful interior, nor is a strictly technical solution. Solving interior design problems and crafting successful interiors requires imaginative thinking and the efficient application of technical knowledge to design ideas.