Interior Lighting for Designers E-Book

Gary Gordon

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 425

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

This revised edition of the successful primer thoroughly covers fundamentals of lighting design, and also serves as a handy reference for professional designers. The Fifth Edition is more comprehensive than ever, with new information on LED, energy efficiency, and other current issues. In addition, it includes more information for drawing ceiling floor plans and the application of designs to specific types of interiors projects. Considered a "key reference" for the Lighting Certified exam, no other text combines both technical and creative aspects of lighting design for beginners and novice designers.

Leseprobe

INTERIOR LIGHTING

FOR DESIGNERS

FIFTH EDITION

GARY GORDON, FIES, FIALD, LC

ILLUSTRATIONS BY GREGORY F. DAY, LC

Cover image: © Paul Warchol Cover design: Wiley

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2014 by Gary Gordon. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Gordon, Gary

Interior lighting for designers / Gary Gordon FIES, FIALD, LC ; Illustrations by Gregory F. Day, LC. -- Fifth Edition. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-11422-3 (cloth); ISBN 978-1-118-41506-1 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-41771-3 (ebk) 1. Electric lighting. 2. Lighting, Architectural and decorative. I. Title. TK4175.G67 2013 729'.28--dc23 2013018922 978-0-470-11422-3

to

Caryl Becker Gordon and Robert Neil Gordon,

with gratitude for their unwavering support

“Light is the key to well-being.”

—Le Corbusier

CONTENTS

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I: Design Factors

1: The Lighting Design Process

2: Perception and Vision

Visible Light

The Eye and Brain

Brightness Perception

Color Perception

3: Light and Health

Photobiology and Nonvisual Effects

The Circadian Pacemaker

Melatonin Suppression

The Aging Eye

Light Therapy

Assisted-Living and Eldercare Facilities

Dynamic Electric Lighting

4: Psychology of Light

Emotional Impact

Degrees of Stimulation

Degrees of Brightness Contrast

The Three Elements of Light

Subjective Impressions

Notes

5: Patterns of Brightness

Brightness versus Luminance

Direction and Distribution of Light

Surface Finishes and Reflectances

Three-Dimensional Form

Glare and Sparkle

6: Color of Light

Color Temperature

Color Rendering

Subjective Impressions

Surface Finishes and Color of Light

7: Measurement of Light

Quantitative Illumination

Part II: Light Sources

8: Daylight

Daylight Design

Shading Devices

Glazing Materials

Quantity of Interior Daylight

9: Filament Sources

Lamp Shapes

Lamp Bases

Filaments

Light Output

Tungsten-Halogen Lamps

Lamp Types

Low-Voltage Lamps

U.S. Legislation

Colored Light

10: Low-Intensity Discharge Sources

Fluorescent Lamps

Lamp Characteristics

Health and Safety Concerns

11: High-Intensity Discharge Sources

Mercury Vapor Lamps

High-Pressure Sodium Lamps

Metal Halide Lamps

Lamp Characteristics

Dimming

Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps

Notes

12: Solid-State Lighting

LEDs

Use in Interiors

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

13: Auxiliary Equipment

Ballasts

Drivers

Transformers

Part III: Interior Illumination

14: Light Control

Control of Light Direction

Glare Control

15: Luminaires

Housings

Light and Glare Control

Decorative Luminaires

Emergency and Exit Luminaires

16: Sustainable Design

Integrating Light and Architecture

Visual Clarity

Architectural Surfaces

Task Lighting

Ambient Lighting

Lighting Three-Dimensional Objects

Balance of Brightness

Successful Solutions

17: Design Verification Methods

Recommended Illuminance Values

Surface Reflectance

Illuminance Calculations

Postoccupancy Evaluation

18: Electricity and Lighting Controls

Principles of Electricity

Switch Control

Dimming Control

Digital Lighting Controls

Energy-Management Controls

19: Documentation

Construction Documents

Epilogue

Quality of Life

Appendix

References

Glossary

Index

Color Plates

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Appendix

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Table 12

Table 13

Table 14

Table 15

Table 16

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Visible light is a narrow region of the total electromagnetic spectrum, which includes radio waves, infrared, ultraviolet, and X rays. The physical difference is purely the wavelength of the radiation, but the effects are very different. Within the narrow band to which the eye is sensitive, different wavelengths give different colors. See also Color Plate 7.

Figure 2.2 The law of refraction (Snell’s law) states that when light passes from medium A into medium B, the sine of the angle of incidence (

i

) bears a constant ratio to the sine of the angle of refraction (

r

).

Figure 2.3 Cross section of the human eye.

Figure 2.4 Forming an image with a pinhole.

Figure 2.5 Forming an image with a lens. The lens shown is a pair of prisms; image-forming lenses have curved surfaces.

Figure 2.6 Loss of accommodation of the lens of the eye with aging.

Figure 2.7 The retina.

Figure 2.8 Necker cube. When you stare at the dot, the cube flips as the brain entertains two different depth hypotheses.

Figure 2.9 Ambiguous shapes. Is it a vase or two faces in profile?

Figure 2.10 Simultaneous contrast.

Figure 2.11 The Purkinje shift.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 The neural pathway of the circadian pacemaker (dark).

Figure 3.2 The neural pathway of the circadian pacemaker (light).

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Patterns of light and shade establish brightness contrast.

Figure 4.2 Low-contrast lighting.

Figure 4.3 Low-contrast lighting.

Figure 4.4 High-contrast lighting.

Figure 4.5 High-contrast lighting.

Figure 4.6 Overhead downlighting, low intensity.

Figure 4.7 Peripheral wall lighting, all walls.

Figure 4.8 Overhead diffuse lighting, low setting.

Figure 4.9 Combination: overhead downlighting + end walls.

Figure 4.10 Overhead diffuse lighting, high intensity.

Figure 4.11 Combination: overhead downlighting, overhead diffuse lighting, + end walls.

Figure 4.12 Impressions of spaciousness (large-small).

Figure 4.13 Impressions of perceptual clarity—public space.

Figure 4.14 Impressions of pleasantness.

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 The seven directions and distributions of light.

Figure 5.2 Concentrated downward (direct) distribution.

Figure 5.3 An example of concentrated downward distribution.

Figure 5.4 Diffuse downward (direct) distribution.

Figure 5.5 An example of diffuse downward distribution.

Figure 5.6 Concentrated upward (indirect) distribution.

Figure 5.7 An example of concentrated upward distribution.

Figure 5.8 An example of concentrated upward distribution with the light source placed farther from the illuminated surface.