Introduction to Polymer Rheology E-Book

Montgomery T. Shaw

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 602

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

An introduction to the rheology of polymers, with simple math Designed for practicing scientists and engineers interested in polymer rheology science, education, consulting, or research and development, Introduction to Polymer Rheology is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the study of the deformation and flow of matter under applied stress. Often considered a complicated topic for beginners, the book makes grasping the fundamentals of polymer rheology easy by presenting information in an approachable way and limiting the use of complex mathematics. By doing so, this introductory overview provides readers with easy access to the key concepts underlying the flow behavior of polymer melts, solutions, and suspensions. Incorporating sample problems that are worked through and explained on the page, as well as numerous practice problems to gauge learning comprehension, the book prepares new students and practitioners for moving on to more advanced concepts. Comprising twelve chapters, the book covers stress, velocity and rate of deformation, the relationship between stress and rate of deformation (Newtonian fluid), generalized Newtonian fluids, normal stresses and elastic behavior, experimental methods, small and large strain, the molecular origins of rheological behavior, elementary polymer processing concepts, quality control in rheology, and the flow of modified polymers and those with supermolecular structure. The essential reference for accurately interpreting polymer rheology data, Introduction to Polymer Rheology provides readers with an elementary understanding of the key issues and modern approaches to resolving problems in the field. An Instructor's Guide with answers to select problems in the text, 60 new problems with full solutions, hints for effective presentation of the material in the text, and an errata listing is available for professors using the book as a course textbook.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Half Title page

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction

A. Polymers and the importance of rheology

B. Rheology in its simplest form

Problems

Suggested references, with commentary

Chapter 2: Stress

A. Stress and pressure

B. Organization of the stress components

C. Coping with subscripts

D. Typical stress tensors

Appendix 2-1: Compilation of equations of motion (ssc)

Appendix 2-2: Equations of motion—curvilinear quick list (ssc)

Problems

References

Chapter 3: Velocity, Velocity Gradient, and Rate of Deformation

A. Why velocity is simpler than location—Speedometers vs. GPS

B. Velocity Gradients

C. Rate of Deformation

Appendix 3-1: Components of the rate-of-deformation tensor

Appendix 3-2: Components of the continuity equation

Appendix 3-3: Nomenclature and sign conventions used in popular rheology texts

Problems

References

Chapter 4: Relationship Between Stress and Rate of Deformation: The Newtonian Fluid

A. Material idealizations in rheology

B. the Newtonian fluid

Problems

References

Chapter 5: Generalized Newtonian Fluids—A Small but Important step Toward a Description of Real Behavior for Polymers

A. Reasons for inventing generalized newtonian fluids—behavior of polymer melts

C. Generalizing the GNF to three dimensions

D. Inventing Relationships for viscosity vs. shear rate

E. Short primer on finding GNF parameters from data

F. Summary of GNF characteristics

Appendix 5-1: Fitting data with Excel

Problems

References

Chapter 6: Normal Stresses—Ordinary Behavior for Polymeric Fluids

A. Introduction

B. What are normal stresses?

C. Origin of normal stresses in simple shear

D. The second normal-stress difference

E. Normal-stress coefficients and empirical findings

F. Transient rheological functions

D. Temperature effects and superposition of steady-flow data

Appendix 6-1: Transforms of the WLF equation

Problems

References

Chapter 7: Experimental Methods

A. Measurement of viscosity

B. Normal stresses from shearing flows

C. Extensional rheology

D. Specialized geometries

E. Flow visualization and other rheo-optical methods

Micro and nano rheology

Appendix 7-1: Numerical derivatives

Appendix 7-2: Velocity-profile correction for non-Newtonian fluids

Appendix 7-3: Incorporation of slip into the velocity-profile correction—the Mooney correction

Appendix 7-4: Normal stresses using the cone-and-plate geometry

Appendix 7-5: Desktop rheo-optical experiment

Problems

References

Chapter 8: Strain, Small and Large

A. Displacement

B. Infinitesimal Strain

C. Hookean Solids

D. Finite Strain

E. The Lodge elastic fluid and variants

F. The Cauchy strain measure

G. Fixing up integral equations based on C and C-1

Appendix 8-1: The relaxation function

Appendix 8-2: Constant-rate extension of the LEF

Problems

References

Chapter 9: Molecular Origins of Rheological Behavior

A. Description of polymer molecules

B. The Rouse chain—a limited description of polymer behavior

C. Other chain-like models

D. Dealing with entanglements

E. Summary of predictions of molecular theory

Problems

References

Chapter 10: Elementary Polymer Processing Concepts

A. Simple laboratory processing methods

B. Elementary extrusion concepts

C. A downstream process—spinning

D. Summary

Appendix 10-1: Densities of melts at elevated temperatures

Problems

References

Chapter 11: Quality-Control Rheology

A. Examples of methods used by various industries

B. Test precision

Appendix 11-1: ASTM tests methods for rheological characterization

Problems

References

Chapter 12: Flow of Modified Polymers and Polymers with Supermolecular Structure

A. Polymers filled with particulates

B. Liquid crystallinity and rheology

C. Polymers with microphase separation in melts or solutions

D. Covalent crosslinking of polymers

Appendix 12-1: Van’t Hoff equation applied to gelation

Problems

References

Answers to Selected Problems

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Nomenclature

Greek Symbols

Author Index

Subject Index

Introduction to Polymer Rheology

Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN 9780470388440