Lifestyle Medicine E-Book

Ifeoma Monye

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 385

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

LIFESTYLE MEDICINE

Written by an interdisciplinary and multinational team of distinguished medical doctors and authors, Lifestyle Medicine presents a collection of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) designed to help prepare a new generation of clinicians with the necessary knowledge to practice lifestyle medicine safely and confidently. Ideal for anyone preparing for examinations in the new specialty of lifestyle medicine at the postgraduate level, and especially useful for those studying for the Diploma in Lifestyle Medicine, taking the American Board of Lifestyle Medicine or International Board of Lifestyle Medicine exams, you???ll find every key aspect of lifestyle ??medicine in this book.

• 25 questions covering an introduction to lifestyle medicine, including definitions, the difference between lifestyle medicine and other fields, and Physician’s Competencies in the practice of lifestyle medicine
• 62 questions covering the fundamentals of health behaviour change
• 47 questions covering key clinical processes in lifestyle medicine, including the classification of different lifestyle-related illnesses, measures of fitness, and fitness testing options
• 88 questions covering nutrition science, assessment, and prescription, including food labels and prescribing nutrition
• And much, much more: a total of 531 questions covering all key aspects of lifestyle medicine

Perfect for clinicians in virtually any specialty aiming to develop expertise in lifestyle medicine, Lifestyle Medicine will also earn a place on the shelves of nurses and other allied health professionals, including pharmacists, dietitians and nutritionists, health educators, researchers, health coaches, and occupational therapists.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Dedication Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Acknowledgments

Foreword

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Lifestyle Medicine

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 2: Fundamentals of Health Behaviour Change

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 3: Key Clinical Processes in Lifestyle Medicine

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 4: Physician Health

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 5: Nutrition Science, Assessment and Prescription

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 6: Physical Activity Science and Prescription

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 7: Sleep Health Science and Interventions

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 8: Emotional and Mental Wellbeing

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 9: The Role of Connectedness and Positive Psychology

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 10: Fundamentals of Tobacco Cessation and Managing Risky Alcohol Use

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 11: Sexual Health and HIV Lifestyle Medicine

Introduction

Answers

References

CHAPTER 12: Special Considerations

Introduction

Answers

References

Index

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover Page

Dedication Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Acknowledgments

Foreword

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Index

Wiley End User License Agreement

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Dedication

This book is dedicated to all Lifestyle Medicine Physicians, Professionals, Practitioners, Group Consultation Facilitators, Researchers, Students, and all the patients they serve.

We give thanks for the enabling grace to complete this work.

Ifeoma Monye, Adaeze Ifezulike, Karen Adamson, and Fraser Birrell.

Lifestyle Medicine

Essential MCQs for Certification in Lifestyle Medicine

IFEOMA MONYE

Regional Director, BSLM and Board‐Certified LifestyleMedicine Physician

Sessional GP, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustUnited Kingdom

Chief Consultant Family Physician, National HospitalAbuja, Nigeria

Brookfield Centre for Lifestyle Medicine, Abuja, Nigeria

Founding President, Society of Lifestyle Medicine of Nigeria

ADAEZE IFEZULIKE

Regional Director, BSLM and Board-Certified LifestyleMedicine Physician, GP NHS Grampian AberdeenUnited Kingdom

KAREN ADAMSON

Regional Director of BSLM Lifestyle Medicine PhysicianConsultant Physician, Diabetologist and EndocrinologistClinical Director of Medicine and Associated ServicesNHS Lothian, United Kingdom

FRASER BIRRELL

Director of Science & Research, BSLM, Editor-in Chief ofLifestyle Medicine, Engagement Lead Centre forIntegrated Research into Musculoskeletal AgeingNewcastle University, Consultant & Senior LecturerNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustUnited Kingdom

This edition first published 2022© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Ifeoma Monye, Adaeze Ifezulike, Karen Adamson, and Fraser Birrell to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication DataNames: Monye, Ifeoma, author. | Ifezulike, Adaeze, author. | Adamson, Karen, author. | Birrell, Fraser, author.Title: Lifestyle medicine : essential MCQs for certification in lifestyle medicine / Ifeoma Monye, Adaeze Ifezulike, Karen Adamson, Fraser Birrell.Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2022. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021027293 (print) | LCCN 2021027294 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119795919 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119795926 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119795964 (epub)Subjects: MESH: Preventive Medicine–methods | Life Style | Healthy Lifestyle | Risk Reduction Behavior | Health Promotion–methods Classification: LCC RA427.8 (print) | LCC RA427.8 (ebook) | NLM WA 108| DDC 362.1–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027293LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021027294

Cover Design: WileyCover Images: © Instants/Getty Images, © Deagreez/Getty Images, © digitalskillet/Getty Images, © OksanaKiian/Getty Images, © Ridofranz/Getty Images, © PeopleImages/Getty ImagesAuthor Photos: Courtesy of the Authors

Acknowledgments

When Dr Ifeoma Monye and Dr Adaeze Ifezulike were preparing for the first‐ever Board Certification examination in Lifestyle Medicine, in the United Kingdom, they faced a daunting task of finding suitable revision materials. As pioneers for that examination in August 2018, all candidates had the same challenge! Where to find a multiple‐choice revision book to test your knowledge of Lifestyle Medicine and aid revision?

Therefore, at the end of the examination, they decided to create a resource that future candidates for this examination and indeed other Lifestyle Medicine examinations will use to make revision easier. In the course of securing a publisher and putting together the best possible book, they invited Dr Karen Adamson, Founding Director of the British Society of Lifestyle Medicine and Dr Fraser Birrell, Founding Editor‐in‐Chief of the Wiley open access journal Lifestyle Medicine to co‐author.

We all want to thank the Chairman of the British Society of Lifestyle Medicine and now President of the World Lifestyle Medicine Council, Dr Rob Lawson for reviewing the book, providing feedback, and his support of the MCQ Book.

We are all also grateful to Dr Lilach Maleskey, President of the Israeli Association of Lifestyle Medicine for reviewing the book and making very useful suggestions which has helped enrich the final product.

We appreciate the support from Stephan Herzog, the Executive Director of the International Board of Lifestyle Medicine and the useful suggestions he provided.

Finally, we are all indebted to our families who had to put up with the disruption caused by the long hours, days, weeks, months of preparation, while we researched, wrote, edited, and proofed this book. Without your support, patience and understanding, we may not have made it this far.

Foreword

Lifestyle as Medicine has never been so important, in the presence of the syndemic era of both infectious and chronic diseases. With the relatively recent arrival of a myriad of chronic diseases and the seeming difficulty of established health care to deal with them effectively, it is entirely appropriate to use Lifestyle Medicine to manage, reverse, and prevent the steady march of modern diseases around the world. Addressing the upstream causes, or metabolic inflammatory determinants of these diseases, is clearly the way ahead and is rooted in the accepted wisdom of evidence‐based science. These upstream determinants include social, environmental, economic, and more readily understood areas such as inactivity, poor nutrition, lack of emotional wellbeing, sleep disturbance, and exposure to toxic substances.

This very timely book will test you in some of these areas – and hopefully will encourage you to learn more about topics in which you feel less confident. And, in time, steer you towards seeking a solid qualified grounding in this effective and satisfying approach to health care. A meaningful biopsychosocial engagement with your patient or client will bear huge dividends not only for your patient or client, but also for the wider systems of health care in which you work.

So, enjoy working your way through this book of MCQs, learn lots from further reading of referenced material, and celebrate by introducing changes into your clinical or professional practice. A positive experience not to be missed!

Dr Rob Lawson FRCGP Dip IBLM/BSLM

Chairman, British Society of Lifestyle Medicine

President, European Lifestyle Medicine Council

Chairman, World Lifestyle Medicine Council

CHAPTER 2Fundamentals of Health Behaviour Change

Introduction

Behaviour change is the mainstay in the delivery of lifestyle medicine interventions. It is important that clinicians are familiar with behaviour change techniques that foster self‐efficacy and cultivate a therapeutic relationship to empower the change process. Knowledge of different theories is essential. Practising the different techniques with patients will enable clinicians to become proficient in them. The emphasis is on listening rather than informing the patient, motivating rather than convincing the patient, and collaborating with the patient rather than directing the patient.

This chapter tests the candidate’s knowledge of health behaviour, change theories, and how they can be applied in practice to help patients maintain healthy behaviour. It tests the candidate’s ability to apply motivational interviewing, cognitive behaviour therapy, and positive psychology techniques to the behaviour change process.

Which of the following best describes the ‘action’ stage of the Transtheoretical Model of health behaviour?

The patient has been making changes within the last six months

The doctor assists with plans on specific changes

The patient intends to make changes within six months

The patient intends to make some changes within one month

Which of the following options best describes the Health Belief Model (HBM) of behaviour change theory?

Different interventions should be used at different stages of behaviour change

Governmental policies lead to health behaviour change

Self‐efficacy and perceived susceptibility to health threat leads to behavior change

Social reinforcement leads to a patient maintaining a healthy behaviour

Which of the following most appropriately describes the levels of influence on health behavior change?

Community factors and social network

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional factors

Introspective factors, beliefs, and personality

Public rules, regulations, and policies

A 48‐year‐old woman attends for a review of her asthma and when you mention her BMI of 40 kg/m

2

, she informs you that she has been thinking of buying an exercise bike for her birthday in two months’ time and becoming more active. What stage of health behaviour change does this best describe?

Action stage

Contemplation stage

Precontemplation stage

Preparation stage

Which of the following management options will be most appropriate for a person on the precontemplation stage?

Discuss health risks and benefits of a healthy lifestyle

Discuss mindfulness‐based stress reduction

Personalize their health risk based on medical history

Referral to a dietician for meal planning

The action stage of health behaviour change is best characterized by which of the following?

The doctor gives a personalized analysis of risk based on the patient’s history

The doctor maps out an action plan for the patient to endorse

The patient has been making specific health modifications within the past six months

The patient is encouraged to list out all the possible barriers to making progress

Which of the following would be the best practice in facilitating health behaviour changes?

Aim to document a behaviour change plan in every patient’s health records every year

Ensure that every patient leaves with a clear relapse plan

Making available a readiness assessment for patients to complete in advance in the waiting room

Review the patient’s completed readiness assessment form to prioritize lifestyle areas you want the patient to change

A health behaviour change theory that best explains the reciprocal influence of personal factors, environmental factors, and the health behaviour on the individual is:

Health Review Model

Social Learning (Cognitive) Theory

Theory of Reasonable Behaviour

Theory of Socially Accepted Behaviour

Key behaviour theories have several similarities. Which of these options best describes the common features?

Environmental influence, e.g. socially accepted norms guarantee behaviours

Motivation and beliefs about risk and benefits of the health behaviour underpin change

One’s confidence in ability to complete the behaviour change is key

Regular self‐criticism and reflection aids in behaviour

Which of these options is the most appropriate skill in facilitating sustainable behaviour changes at the early stages?

Cognitive behaviour techniques

Motivational interviewing

Positive psychology

Reframing non‐productive thinking

Which of these options best represents the precontemplation stage of behaviour change?

I am not thinking about making a change at all

I have started a change within the last six months

I am thinking of making a change within the next six months

I have been making a change for more than six months

Which of the following is the most appropriate management in stage‐matched interventions?

Offer an intervention that is acceptable to majority of patients

Offer an intervention that is tailored to the patient’s readiness for a specific action

Offer an intervention that is used by all patients

Offer an intervention that the patient has failed before so he can perfect it

Which of these options best represents the process in Stage‐Matched Interventions?

Family support should not be solicited as this encourages dependence

It is important that the patient completes every item at each stage

The degree of readiness is not an important factor

The doctor aims to help the patient move from one stage of readiness to the next

Thomas is considering becoming more active within the next 30 days to tackle his obesity. Which of these will be the most appropriate action?

Check his level of confidence in his ability to carry out his plans

Discuss health risk associated with specific behaviour

Give him a lifestyle prescription

Use CBT to reframe unhealthy thought patterns

You are worried that Gabriel still smokes heavily despite his COPD. However, he tells you categorically that he is not willing to give up this habit. Which of these is the most appropriate action for his stage of readiness?

You ask the patient to write down his unwillingness to change despite medical advice

You provide a general healthy lifestyle advice

You try some CBT techniques to see if you might change his mind

You try to problem‐solve his barriers to stopping smoking

Mike tells you that he is already making a change to tackle his unhealthy eating habits. Which of these is the most appropriate next step in his management?

Develop a relapse prevention plan if he has been making the change for three months

Discuss health risks associated with his unhealthy eating habit

Give him an action plan if he is not meeting his goal yet

Use CBT to reframe any unhealthy thought patterns

Which of the following best describes the stages of readiness?

CBT methods work best when started early

Patients need one month of coaching to complete each stage

Positive psychology is counterproductive at the beginning stage

The goal is to move the patient from his current level of readiness to the next stage

Which of the following would be most appropriate to include in Health Behaviour Change Readiness tool which a patient could fill while in the waiting room?

An assessment of the patient’s confidence that he can improve his nutrition

An assessment of the patient’s marital status and political inclination

An assessment of the patient’s perceived importance of lifestyle medicine

An assessment of the patient’s perceived importance of their intellectual abilities

Readiness for a change in health behaviour is best determined by which of the following?

The doctor’s track record skill of motivational interviewing

The government’s motivations for recommending the change

The importance the society attaches to the change

The patient’s confidence level in making the change