Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal E-Book
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- Sprache: Englisch
Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal
Discover a groundbreaking new wastewater decontamination technology
The removal of wastewater contaminants is a key aspect of the water cycle, allowing water to be fed safely back into circulation within a given ecosystem. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous materials which can reversibly bind and sequester both metal ions and potentially harmful organic substances, giving them a potentially crucial role in the targeted removal of wastewater contaminants. They may also enable significant cost and energy savings over now-conventional ion exchangers in water treatment plants.
Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal provides an accessible, practical guide to the development, evaluation, and potential applications of MOFs in maintaining the water cycle. It begins with an overview of the major metallic and non-metallic contaminants found in wastewater and their interactions with major MOF-based materials, before moving to the challenges and opportunities provided by MOFs in the pursuit of a sustainable, energy-efficient water cycle. The result is a groundbreaking resource in the ever-expanding global fight to keep water clean and safe.
Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal readers will also find:
- MOF technology and its water treatment applications discussed in depth for the first time in a major publication
- Comparison with existing decontamination technologies and environmental risk assessment
- Applications for environmental as well as industrial toxicants based on recent research and on case studies
Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal is indispensable for water chemists, chemical engineers, environmental chemists, and for any researchers or industry professionals working with water decontamination technologies.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
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Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal
Edited by
Arun Lal Srivastav
Chitkara University
Lata Rani
Chitkara University
Jyotsna Kaushal
Chitkara University
Tien Duc Pham
Chitkara University
The Editors
Arun Lal Srivastav
Chitkara Universiy
Himachal Pradesh
India
Lata Rani
Chitkara Universiy
Himachal Pradesh
India
Jyotsna Kaushal
Chitkara Universiy
Himachal Pradesh
India
Tien Duc Pham
Vietnam National University
Hanoi
Vietnam
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Library of Congress Card No.:
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstraße 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Print ISBN: 9783527351923
ePDF ISBN: 9783527841547
ePub ISBN: 9783527841530
oBook ISBN: 9783527841523
Cover Design: Schulz Grafik-Design, Fußgönheim, Germany
Typesetting: Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
Printing and Binding: Bell & Bain
Printed on acid paper
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
1 Application of MOFs on Removal of Emerging Water Contaminants
Abbreviated list
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Sources of Emerging Water Contaminants
1.1.2 Emerging Water Contaminants Treatment Methods
1.1.3 MOFs as Exceptional Materials for Water Remediation
1.2 MOFs Strategies in Water Remediation
1.2.1 Adsorption
1.2.2 Catalyst
1.2.3 Synergistic Effect of Adsorption and Photocatalyst
1.3 Emerging Water Contaminants by MOFs
1.3.1 Organic Dyes
1.3.2 Adsorption
1.3.3 Photocatalytic and Electrostatic Activities
1.3.4 PPCPs
1.3.5 Adsorption
1.3.6 Photocatalytic Activities
1.3.7 Herbicides and Pesticides
1.3.8 Adsorption
1.3.9 Photocatalytic Activities
1.3.10 Industrial Compounds/By-products
1.3.11 Adsorption
1.3.12 Photocatalytic Activities
1.4 Challenges and Perspective in Using MOFs for the Removal of Emerging Water Contaminants
1.5 Conclusion
2 Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Stepwise Preparatory Methods (Synthesis) for Water Treatment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification of Metal-Organic Frameworks
2.3 Synthesis of MOFs
2.3.1 Conventional Solvothermal/Hydrothermal and Non-Solvothermal Method
2.3.2 Room-Temperature Synthesis
2.3.3 Unconventional Methods
2.4 Alternative Synthesis Methods
2.4.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
2.4.2 Electrochemical Synthesis
2.4.3 Sonochemical Synthesis
2.4.4 Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis
2.4.5 Layer-by-Layer Synthesis
2.5 Factors Affecting the Synthesis of MOFs
2.5.1 Solvents
2.6 Temperature and pH Effects on the Synthesis of MOFs
2.7 Water Regeneration and Wastewater Treatment Using MOF Membranes
2.8 Membrane Filtration
2.9 Microfiltration (MF)
2.10 Ultrafiltration (UF)
2.11 Nanofiltration (NF)
2.12 Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Forward Osmosis (FO)
2.13 Membrane Distillation (MD)
2.14 Membrane Pervaporation (PV)
2.15 Conclusion
3 Application of MOFs in the Removal of Pharmaceutical Waste from Aquatic Environments
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Potential of MOFs and Their Analogs to Resist Water Stability
3.3 Methods for the Development and Design of Aqueous-Stable Composites of Metal-Organic Frameworks
3.4 Synthesis and Design of Water-Stable MOF-Derived Materials
3.5 MOFs and Their Hybrids as Versatile Adsorbents for Capturing Pharmaceutical Drugs
3.6 MILs and Their Derived Compounds
3.7 Pristine MILs
3.8 MILs Composites
3.9 MILs-Derived Materials
3.10 ZIFs and Their Derived Compounds
3.11 Pristine ZIFs
3.12 ZIFs Composites
3.13 Materials Derived from ZIFs
3.14 UiOs Composite Materials
3.15 UiOs-Derived Materials
3.16 Pharmaceutical Drug Resistance
3.17 Conclusion
4 Efficiency of MOFs in Water Treatment Against the Emerging Water Contaminants Such as Endocrine Disruptors, Pharmaceuticals, Microplastics, Pesticides, and Other Contaminants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Chemical Contaminants: Those Mysterious Ingredients in Ground and Surface Water
4.2.1 Endocrine Disruptors (EDs)
4.2.2 Microplastics (MPs)
4.2.3 Contaminants from the Agriculture Sector
4.2.4 Pharmaceutical Effluents
4.3 MOFs
4.3.1 MOF Stability in the Aqueous Phase
4.3.2 Improving the Water Stability of MOFs: General Enhancement Strategies
4.4 Possibilities for Wastewater Treatment Applications Using MOFs
4.4.1 MOF-Supported Adsorption & Photocatalysis
4.4.2 π-π Interactions
4.4.3 Electrostatic Interactions
4.4.4 Hydrophobic Interactions
4.4.5 H-Bonding
4.5 Use of MOFs for Water Remediation: Issues & Perspectives
4.6 Future
4.7 Conclusions
5 Metal-Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminants Removal
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Aqueous Phase MOF Stability
5.3 MOF Degradation in Water
5.4 Influence of MOF Structure
5.5 2D Nanostructured Coating
5.6 3D Nanostructure of MOF
5.7 MOF-Based Materials’ Adsorption Processes for Heavy Metal Oxyanion
5.8 Remediation Through Perfect MOFs
5.9 Interaction of MOFs with Other Species
5.10 With the Use of MOF Composites
5.11 Removal of Metal Ions through Adsorption
5.12 MOF Composites are Used for Removal
5.13 COFs are a New Class of Materials that Have Similar MOF Structures
5.14 Application of MOF Composites
5.15 Gas Separation and Adsorption
5.16 MOF Composites
5.17 Agrochemical Adsorption and Removal
5.18 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Adsorption Removal Products (PPCPs)
5.19 MOFs for Photocatalytic Elimination of Organic Pollutants
5.20 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
6 “Green Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Treatment”
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Role of Green Chemistry in Preparation of MOFs
6.3 Green Application of MOFs in the Removal of Contaminants from Wastewater
6.3.1 MOFs for the Removal of Inorganic Contaminants
6.3.2 MOFs for the Removal of Organic Contaminants
6.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
6.5 Conflict of Interest
7 Case Studies (Success Stories) on the Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in Wastewater Treatment and Their Implementations; Review
7.1 Introduction
Sewage Treatment Policies and State Implementation Strategies
7.2 Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)
7.2.1 Properties and Applications of MOFs
7.3 Applications of MOFs in Wastewater Treatment: Case Studies
7.3.1 Forward Osmosis (FO) Membranes
7.3.2 Application and Effectiveness
7.3.3 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membranes
7.3.4 Application and Effectiveness
7.3.5 Nano Filter (NF) Membranes
7.3.6 Application and Effectiveness
7.3.7 Ultrafiltration (UF) Membranes
7.3.8 Application and Effectiveness
Summary
Acknowledgment
8 Prospects and Potentials of Microbial Applications on Heavy-Metal Removal from Wastewater
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Mainstream Avenues to Remediate Heavy Metals in Wastewater
8.3 The Microbial Recycling Approach
8.4 General Overview of Heavy-Metal Pollution in Wastewater
8.5 Techniques for Heavy-Metal Removal
8.6 Microbial and Biological Approaches for Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater
8.7 Biological Remediation Approaches for Heavy-Metal Removal
8.8 Microbial Bioremediation Approaches
8.9 Bioengineering Approaches on Microbes for Improving Heavy-Metal Removal from Wastewater
8.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
9 Removal of Organic Contaminants from Aquatic Environments Using Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Based Materials
9.1 Introduction
9.2 MOF-Based Materials
9.2.1 MOF—Metal Nanoparticle Materials
9.2.2 MOF–MO Materials
9.2.3 MOF–Quantum Dot Materials
9.2.4 MOF–Silica Materials
9.2.5 MOF–Carbon Materials
9.2.6 Core—shell Structures of MOFs
9.2.7 MOF–Enzyme Materials
9.2.8 MOF–Organic Polymer Materials
9.3 Environmental Effects of MOF-Based Materials
9.4 Conclusion
10 Reformed Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Abstraction of Water Contaminants – Heavy-Metal Ions
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Metal-Organic Frameworks
10.3 Sorption Enrichment by Modification of MOFs
10.4 Toxic-Metal Ion Adsorption by MOFs
10.4.1 MOFs for Mercury Adsorption
10.4.2 MOFs for Lead Adsorption
10.4.3 MOFs for Cadmium Adsorption
10.4.4 MOFs for Chromium Removal
10.4.5 MOFs for Arsenic Removal
10.4.6 MOFs for Heavy Metals Phosphate Removal
10.4.7 MOFs for Nickel Adsorption
10.4.8 MOFs for Selenium Adsorption
10.4.9 MOFs for Uranium Adsorption
10.5 Future Perspective
10.6 Future Scope
10.7 Conclusions
11 Application of Algal-Polysaccharide Metal-Organic Frameworks in Wastewater Treatment
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Water Pollutants and Sources
11.1.2 Common Wastewater Treatment Techniques
11.1.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Treatment
11.1.4 Polysaccharide-Metal-organic Frameworks (Ps-MOFs)
11.2 Polysaccharides in Algae/cyanobacteria (AlPs)
11.2.1 Polysaccharides in Cyanophyceae
11.2.2 Polysaccharides in Chlorophyceae
11.2.3 Polysaccharides in Rhodophyceae
11.2.4 Polysaccharides in Phaeophyceae
11.3 Synthesis of Algal Polysaccharide MOFs (ALPs-MOFs)
11.3.1 Alginate-MOFs
11.3.2 Cellulose-MOFs
11.3.3 Agar-MOFs
11.4 Characterization of AlP-MOFs
11.5 Adsorption Mechanism of AlPs-MOFs
11.6 Regeneration of AlPs-MOFs
11.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
12 Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water Resources
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment
12.3 Impacts of Heavy Metal Pollution
12.4 Water Quality Assessment Using Pollution Indices
12.4.1 Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI)
12.4.2 Statistical Technique
12.5 MOFs for Heavy Metal Contaminant Removal from Water
12.6 Conclusion
13 Organic Contaminants in Aquatic Environments: Sources and Impact Assessment
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Various Forms and Causes of Chemical Pollutants
13.3 Increasing Contaminant Occurrence in Aquatic Systems
13.4 Identifying Potential Points of Entry for New Pollutants into Aquatic Systems
13.5 Groups of Trace Pollutants and ECs
13.5.1 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)
13.6 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs)
13.7 Concentrations of Micropollutants in Aquatic Organisms
13.8 Methods for Micropollutant Removal
13.9 Mitigation of Aqueous Micropollutants
13.10 Chemical Treatment of Wastewater Discharge
13.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Authors Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
14 Physicochemical Properties and Stability of MOFs in Water Environments
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Background and Future Scope of MOFs
14.3 Techniques Used to Determine the Physicochemical Properties of MOFs
14.3.1 Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD)
14.3.2 BET Surface Area Analyzer
14.3.3 Electron Microscopy and Elemental Analysis
14.3.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
14.3.5 Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
14.4 Physicochemical Properties of MOFs and Their Effects on Various Applications
14.4.1 Porosity
14.4.2 Size and Morphology
14.4.3 Chemical Reactivity
14.4.4 Chemical Stability
14.4.5 Thermal Stability
14.4.6 Mechanical Stability
14.5 Conclusion
15 Metal-Organic Framework Adsorbents for Indutrial Heavy-Metal Wastewater Treatment
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Applications of MOFs
15.3 Comparison Between MOF Adsorbents and Bio-Based Adsorbents
15.4 Heavy Metal Contaminant Sources and Impacts
15.5 Adsorption
15.5.1 The Adsorption Process
15.5.2 Adsorption Mechanisms
15.5.3 Adsorption Parameters
15.5.4 Different Processes for Methods of Adsorption
15.6 A Specific Review on Tea-Waste Adsorption
15.7 Conclusions
16 Evaluation of MOF Applications for Groundwater Arsenic Mitigation of the Middle Ganga Plains of Bihar, India
16.1 Arsenic Contamination in the Groundwater of Bihar
16.2 Status of Groundwater Arsenic Exposure in the Affected Population
16.2.1 Mitigation Status in the Arsenic-Exposed Area of Bihar
16.2.2 Application of MOFs in Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
16.2.3 Conclusion
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
CHAPTER 01
Table 1.1 Summary of advanced treatment...
CHAPTER 02
Table 2.1 Effect of pH...
CHAPTER 04
Table 4.1 MOF-based photocatalyst...
Table 4.2 MOF-based adsorbents...
CHAPTER 06
Table 6.1 Summarized list of various...
CHAPTER 07
Table 7.1 A compendium of MOF synthesis...
CHAPTER 08
Table 8.1 Rewards and pitfalls of chemical...
Table 8.2 Biosorbent efficiencies toward...
Table 8.3 Sources, toxicity effects,andmaximum...
Table 8.4 Micro-organisms and the method...
CHAPTER 09
Table 9.1 Some methods applied for the...
CHAPTER 10
Table 10.1 Modifications of MOFs with...
CHAPTER 11
Table 11.1 Characteristics of different...
Table 11.2 Characteristics of polysaccharide...
CHAPTER 12
Table 12.1 Drinking water standards.
Table 12.2 Heavy metal pollution index...
CHAPTER 13
Table 13.1 Examples of emerging pollutants...
Table 13.2 Sources of micropollutants...
CHAPTER 14
Table 14.1 Removal of various water...
CHAPTER 15
Table 15.1 Merits and demerits of various...
CHAPTER 16
Table 16.1 Showing arsenic-affected regions.
List of Illustrations
CHAPTER 02
Figure 2.1 Scanning electron micrographs...
Figure 2.2 Scanning electron micrographs...
Figure 2.3 SEM images (a) 1. Microwave-assisted...
Figure 2.4 A schematic diagram for various pathways...
Figure 2.5 (a) Solvents used in the synthesis...
Figure 2.6 A schematic diagram for wastewater...
CHAPTER 03
Figure 3.1 Application of MOFs for the removal...
CHAPTER 04
Figure 4.1 Adsorption and photocatalysis...
Figure 4.2 Various interactions responsible...
CHAPTER 05
Figure 5.1 Adsorption mechanisms of heavy...
Figure 5.2 Solid sorbents analysis for...
CHAPTER 06
Figure 6.1 Benefits of using MOFs which make...
CHAPTER 07
Figure 7.1 Schematic depiction of the different...
Figure 7.2 Different organic functional groups...
Figure 7.3 A figure depicting the core-shell...
Figure 7.4 Panasonic’s demo unit with...
Figure 7.5 This example shows how MOFs may be...
Figure 7.6 LG Chem’s TFN-based RO...
CHAPTER 09
Figure 9.1 Different MOF-based materials.
Figure 9.2 UV-Vis absorption curves showing...
Figure 9.3 Schematic representation of preparation...
CHAPTER 11
Figure 11.1 Polysaccharide in cyanobacteria/algae...
Figure 11.2 Schematic presentation of alginate...
Figure 11.3 Schematic illustration of the preparation...
Figure 11.4 Schematic illustration of the fabrication...
Figure 11.5 Adsorption mechanism of hazardous materials...
Figure 11.6 Fabrication of Cu2+ and Al3+-based alginate...
Figure 11.7 Production of AlPs-MOFs from...
CHAPTER 12
Figure 12.1 Heavy metals system by natural...
Figure 12.2 Toxic effects of heavy metals.
CHAPTER 13
Figure 13.1 Chemical contaminants.
Figure 13.2 Industrial discharge...
CHAPTER 14
Figure 14.1 Different structures of metal-organic...
Figure 14.2 Different physisorption and chemisorption...
CHAPTER 15
Figure 15.1 Conventional wastewater treatment methods.
Figure 15.2 Metals contributions based...
CHAPTER 16
Figure 16.1 Schematic diagram showing...
Figure 16.2 Arsenic map of Bihar...
Figure 16.3 Mitigation unit installed...
Guide
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
End User License Agreement
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Preface
Water pollution is a major problem throughout the world. Water pollution is caused by organic inorganic, biological, and radioactive contaminants. Various anthropogenic activities such as agricultural, industrial, and urbanization, attributed to an increase in the level of contaminants in water bodies. Among various techniques, adsorption is having additional benefits like low cost, environment friendly and low chance of by-products generation.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) adsorbents have brought a revolution in the area of wastewater treatment as they have possessed unique characteristics like high surface area, large pore size, high selectivity, and high contaminants removal efficiency. These properties are unique over the traditional adsorbents. Present book discuses about the application of MOFs for the removal of emerging water contaminants such as antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, pesticides etc. Moreover, preparation methods of MOFs are also described in details along with their physico-chemical properties. Some case studies are also included in the book so that it can motivate the researchers for better learning experiences.
Hence, this book may be a mile stone in the field of water treatment as it will provide better insights to the research community.
July 2023
Arun Lal Srivastav, India
Lata Rani, India
Jyotsna Kaushal, India
Tien Duc Pham, Vietnam
