Normal Findings in Radiography E-Book

Torsten Bert Moeller

• Herausgeber: Thieme
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 210

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 1999

Beschreibung

The method of making findings and the systematic method of interpreting images are still relevant today.

This book deals with a subject that is seemingly trivial: normal findings in radiology. However, the normal is also the frequent, but not always the simple. Every radiologist has experienced difficulties in the systematics of imaging and with phrasing the diagnosis. This book is intended to answer three questions:

• How should the diagnosis be phrased?
• Which general scheme can I use to evaluate an image; how can I check for the degree of normality?
• Which data allow me to evidence normality, and what measurements should be taken?

In spite of the introduction of digital X-ray imaging, the interpretation of conventional X-rays has not basically changed during the past ten years, which is evidenced by the development of this book. Since its first publication in 1987, it has gone through several unchanged reprints. In the 2nd German edition the text has hardly been changed; however, several new images have been added.

The method of making findings and the systematic method of interpreting images are still relevant today. Consequently, the strict and systematic organization of the book was left unchanged. The new layout leads to a clearer accessibility of the material for the reader.

Leseprobe

Normal Findings in Radiography

Torsten B. Moeller, M.D.

Am Caritas-Krankenhaus Dillingen/Saar Germany

190 Illustrations

ThiemeStuttgart · New York 2000

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Moeller, Torsten B.

[Roentgennormalbefunde. English.]

Normal findings in radiography / Torsten B. Moeller

     p. cm.

Translation of the 2nd German ed.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-86577-871-X - ISBN 3-13-116531-6

1. Radiography, Medical. 2. Reference values (Medicine). 3. Human anatomy. I. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Radiography. WN 200 M726r 1999a]

RC78.M5913 1999

616.07'572-dc21

99-040799

Translated by Terry Telger, Ft. Worth, TX, USA

This book is an authorized revised and expanded translation of the 2nd German edition published and copyrighted 1996 by Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the German edition: Rönt-gennormalbefunde

Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names, even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher's consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.

© 2000 Georg Thieme Verlag,

Rüdigerstrasse 14,

D-70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue,

New York, NY 10001, USA

Typesetting by primustype R. Hurler

GmbH, D-73274 Notzingen, Germany

typeset on Textline/HerculesPro

Cover design by Cyclus, Stuttgart

Printed in Germany by

Offizin Andersen Nexö, Leipzig

ISBN3-13-116531-6(GTV)

ISBN 0-86577-871-X(TNY) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Important Note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book.

Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of application stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturer's leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user's own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed.

For my parents,Alfred and Friedel Moeller,and for Barbara

Preface

This book deals with the apparently banal subject of normal radiographic findings: while the normal is common, it is not always simple. Anyone who has ever had occasion to read radiographic films has experienced the difficulties inherent in systematically interpreting images and formulating the findings. This book addresses three questions that are basic to radiographic interpretation:

—What system should I follow in reading an image, and how can I tell if the findings are normal?—How do I formulate the findings?—What quantitative parameters can I use to confirm normality, and how do I measure them?

Normal Findings in Radiography follows a rigorous format in which a brief description of normal findings is followed by a checklist that recapitulates the sequence of the descriptive text and provides a systematic framework for image interpretation. For clarity, similar phrasing is used in the textual descriptions and the checklists. Most sections conclude with a table of “Important Data” listing the normal ranges of values for the most important measurable parameters, which are highlighted on illustrative radiographs.

The sample descriptions of normal radiographic findings in the text portions of the book can serve only as guidelines, which must be tailored according to whether the case requires a gross assessment or a detailed evaluation. In all cases, however, the cornerstones of a quality x-ray report remain the same: simplicity, clarity, and precision. I hope that this book will serve as a guide for radiologists, especially those in training, in the routine interpretation of x-ray films.

Summer 1999

Torsten B. Moeller

Contents

The Skull

Skull, Biplane Views

Occipital View

Paranasal Sinuses

Orbits, Posteroanterior View

Orbit, Oblique Rhese View

Maxilla

Mandible, Clementschitsch View

Ramus of the Mandible

Orthopantomogram of the Maxillofacial Skull

Nasal Skeleton, Lateral View

Zygomatic Arch

Skull Base

Petrous Pyramids, Altschul Comparison View

Petrous Bone, Schüller View

Petrous Bone, Stenvers View

Sella Turcica, Special View

The Spine

Full-Length Anteroposterior View

Cervical Spine, Biplane Views

Cervical Spine, Oblique View

Cervical Spine, Functional Views

Thoracic Spine, Biplane Views

Lumbar Spine, Biplane Views

Lumbar Spine, Oblique View

Lumbar Spine, Functional Views

Pelvis, Standing Anteroposterior View

Pelvis, Martius View

Pelvis, Guthmann View

Iliac Wing and Obturator Views

Sacroiliac Joint, Anteroposterior View

Sacrum, Biplane Views

Coccyx, Biplane Views

The Upper Extremity

Bony Hemithorax

Sternum, Biplane Views

Anteroposterior Weight-Bearing View of the Shoulders

Clavicle

Acromioclavicular Joint

Scapula, Biplane Views

Shoulder Joint, Biplane Views

Axial Shoulder View

Tangential Shoulder View (Biceps Tendon Canal)

Humerus, Biplane Views

Humerus, Transthoracic View

Elbow Joint, Biplane Views

Axial Elbow View

Forearm, Biplane Views

Hand, Biplane Views

Wrist, Biplane Views

Carpal Tunnel View

Scaphoid View

Special View of the Pisiform Bone

Individual Fingers, Biplane Views

The Lower Extremity

Full-Length Standing Radiograph

Hip, Biplane Views

Contour Views of the Femoral Head

Femur, Biplane Views

Knee Joint, Biplane Views

Knee Joint, Tunnel View

Patella, 30°, 60°, and 90° Views

Tibia, Biplane Views

Ankle Joint, Biplane Views

Foot, Biplane Views

Calcaneus, Biplane Views

Tarsus, Biplane Views

Forefoot, Biplane Views

Toe, Biplane Views

Stress Radiographs

Stress Radiographs of the Knee

Stress Radiographs of the Ankle Joint

Other Plain Films

Chest, Biplane Views

Chest, Right Anterior Oblique View (First Oblique Diameter, Fencer Position)

Chest, Left Anterior Oblique View (Second Oblique Diameter, Boxer Position)

Upright Abdomen

Supine Abdomen

Spot Film Radiography

Biplane Mammograms

Tracheal Spot Film

Conventional Tomography

Tomography of the Pulmonary Hilum

AP Tomography of the Sacroiliac Joints

Contrast Examinations of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Esophagus

Stomach and Duodenum

Upper Gastrointestinal Series

Small Bowel Enema (Enteroclysis)

Double-Contrast Examination of the Colon

Defecography

Intravenous Contrast Studies

Intravenous Urography

Intravenous Cholecystocholangiography

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreaticography

Arthrography

Arthrography of the Wrist

Arthrography of the Shoulder

Arthrography of the Knee

Arthrography of the Ankle Joint

Arteriography

Internal Carotid Arteriography

Vertebral Arteriography

Arch Aortography

Pulmonary Arteriography

Celiac Trunk Arteriography

Superior Mesenteric Arteriography

Renal Arteriography

Peripheral Arteriography of the Lower Extremity

Venography

Inferior Cavography

Venography of the Upper Extremity

Venography of the Lower Extremity

Special Examinations

Thoracic Myelography

Lumbar Myelography

Bipedal Lymphangiography and Lymphadenography

Bronchography

Parotid Sialography

Hysterosalpingography

Galactography

Index