Pavement Asset Management E-Book

Ralph Haas

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 430

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Comprehensive and practical, Pavement Asset Management  provides an essential resource for educators, students and those in public agencies and consultancies who are directly responsible for managing road and airport pavements.

The book is comprehensive in the integration of activities that go into having safe and cost-effective pavements using the best technologies and management processes available. This is accomplished in seven major parts, and 42 component chapters, ranging from the evolution of pavement management to date requirements to determining needs and priority programming of rehabilitation and maintenance, followed by structural design and economic analysis, implementation  of pavement management systems, basic features of working systems and finally by a part on looking ahead.

The most current methodologies and practical applications of managing pavements are described in this one-of-a-kind book. Real world up-to-date examples are provided, as well as an extensive list of references for each part.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Half Title page

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

Preface

Part One: The Evolution of Pavement Management

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Birth and Teen Years of Pavement Management (1967–1987)

2.1 Network Level PMS

2.2 The Impact of Lack of Understanding of Software Requirements

2.3 Lessons Learned from the Early Development Years

2.4 Basic Requirements for an Effective and Comprehensive PMS

Chapter 3: Pavement Management Development from 2010

3.1 Data Aggregation and Sectioning

3.2 Private Investment

3.3 Parallel International Developments

3.4 Administrative and Public Awareness of PMS

3.5 Education

3.6 Improvements in Computers and Software Development

3.7 Other Compatible Management Systems

3.8 Expansion of PMS Concerns

Chapter 4: Setting the Stage

References for Part One

Part Two: Data Requirements

Chapter 5: Overview of Pavement Management Data Needs

5.1 Classes of Data Required

5.2 The Importance of Construction and Maintenance History Data

5.3 The Importance of Performance Related Pavement Evaluation

5.4 Objectivity and Consistency in Pavement Data Acquisition and Use

5.5 Combining Pavement Evaluation Measures

Chapter 6: Inventory Data Needs

6.1 Purpose of Inventory Data

6.2 Types of Inventory Data

6.3 Selection and Referencing of Pavement Management Sections

6.4 Collecting and Processing Section and Network Data

6.5 Traffic and Truck Load Data

Chapter 7: Characterizing Pavement Performance

7.1 The Serviceability-Performance Concept

7.2 Pavement Roughness

7.3 Equipment for Evaluating Roughness

7.4 Toward a Universal Roughness Standard

7.5 Calibration Needs and Procedures

7.6 Relating Roughness to Serviceability

7.7 Applications of Roughness Data

Chapter 8: Evaluation of Pavement Structural Capacity

8.1 Basic Considerations

8.2 Nondestructive Measurement and Analysis

8.3 Destructive Structural Evaluation

8.4 Structural Capacity Index Concepts

8.5 Network versus Project Level Applications of Structural Capacity Evaluation

Chapter 9: Evaluation of Pavement Surface Distress Condition Surveys

9.1 Purposes of Surface Distress Surveys

9.2 Manual Methods for Distress Surveys

9.3 Automated Survey Methods

9.4 Types of Distress

9.5 Examples of Distress Survey Procedures

9.6 Equipment for Distress Evaluation

9.7 Summary of Pavement Distress Scores Used by State DOTs

9.8 Example Equipment: Fugro, Roadware-ARAN

9.9 Example Equipment: Service Provider-Pathway Services Inc.

9.10 Application of Distress Data

Chapter 10: Evaluation of Pavement Safety

10.1 Major Safety Components

10.2 Skid Resistance Evaluation

10.3 Basic Concepts of Skid Resistance and the Importance of Pavement Texture

10.4 Methods of Measuring and Reporting Skid Resistance

10.5 Change of Skid Resistance with Time, Traffic, and Climate (Weather/Season)

10.6 Including Friction Management in a Pavement Management System

Chapter 11: Combined Measures of Pavement Quality

11.1 Concept of Combined Measures

11.2 Examples of Combined Indexes

11.3 Developing Combined Indexes

Chapter 12: Data Base Management

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Factors that Characterize the Present State of Data Base Management

12.3 Some Evolutionary Features of Data Base Management

12.4 Data Base Management Systems and Key Components

12.5 Advantages of Integrated Data Base Management Systems

12.6 Examples of Integrated Data Base Management

12.7 Success Factors for Effective Data Base Management

Chapter 13: Communicating the Present Status of Pavement Networks

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Performance Measures

13.3 Performance Measurement and Strategic Level Pavement Management

13.4 Performance Measure Categories

13.5 Example Report on the State of a Road Network in Terms of International Roughness Index

13.6 Example Report on the State of a Road Network in Terms of Asset Value

13.7 Example Report on a State Timeline of “Good” Pavement

References for Part Two

Part Three: Determining Present and Future Needs and Priority Programing of Rehabilitation and Maintenance

Chapter 14: Establishing Criteria

14.1 Reasons for Establishing Criteria

14.2 Measures to which Criteria can be Applied

14.3 Factors Affecting Limits, and Some Examples

14.4 Effects of Changing Criteria

Chapter 15: Prediction Models for Pavement Deterioration

15.1 Clarification of Performance and Deterioration Prediction

15.2 Parameters or Measures to be Predicted

15.3 Basic Types of Prediction Models and Examples

Chapter 16: Determining Needs

Chapter 17: Rehabilitation and Maintenance Alternatives

17.1 Identification of Alternatives

17.2 Decision Processes and Expert Systems Approaches to Identifying Feasible Alternative

17.3 Deterioration Modeling of Rehabilitation and Maintenance Alternatives

17.4 Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness Calculations

Chapter 18: Priority Programing of Rehabilitation and Maintenance

18.1 Basic Approaches to Establishing Alternatives and Policies

18.2 Selecting a Length of Program Period

18.3 Basic Functions of Priority Programming

18.4 Priority Programing Methods

18.5 Examples and Comparisons

18.6 Budget Level Evaluation and Specific Standards

18.7 Final Program Selection

Chapter 19: Developing Combined Programs of Maintenance and Rehabilitation

19.1 Example Results of a Combined Program

19.2 Summary

References for Part Three

Part Four: Structural Design and Economic Analysis: Project Level

Chapter 20: A Framework for Pavement Design

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Focus on the MEPDG

20.3 Basic Structural Response Models

20.4 Characterization of Design Inputs

20.5 Variability, Reliability and Risk in Pavement Management

20.6 Generating Alternative Design Strategies

Chapter 21: The MEPDG Process for Pavement Design

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Calibration Issues

21.3 MEPDG Software

21.4 Levels of Use in the MEPDG

21.5 Good Design is Not Enough - Life Cycle Pavement Management is Also Needed

21.6 Summary of the MEPDG for Flexible Pavements

Chapter 22: The MEPDG for Design of New and Reconstructed Rigid Pavements

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Overview of the Design Process

22.3 Processing of Inputs for the Design Analysis

22.4 Structural Response Models

Chapter 23: Rehabilitation of Existing Pavements

23.1 Introduction

23.2 MEPDG Suggested Evaluation Data for Pavement Rehabilitation

23.3 MEPDG Rehabilitation Design with HMA

23.4 MEPDG Rehabilitation Design with PCC

23.5 Concrete Pavement Restoration (CPR) of JPCP

23.6 Models, Algorithms, and Transfer Functions of the MEPDG

23.7 Quality of Calibration Data and Factor Adjustments

23.8 AASHTO Manual of Practices

Chapter 24: MEPDG in Practice

24.1 Use of the Guide in Pavement Management

24.2 MEPDG Offers a Roadmap to Improvement

24.3 MEPDG Research Team’s Perspective on Guide Improvements

24.4 Practical Experience with MEPDG Flexible Pavement Models

24.5 Use of MEPDG for Rehabilitation and Overlay Design

24.6 Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Software

24.7 Summary

Chapter 25: Economic Evaluation of Alternative Pavement Design Strategies and Selection of an Optimal Strategy

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Consideration of Environmental Costs in Selecting Alternative Strategies

25.3 Weighing Costs versus Environmental Benefits

25.4 Unique and/or Unpredictable Cost Factors

25.5 User Costs

25.6 Selection of an Optimal Strategy

25.7 Summary

References for Part Four

Part Five: Implementation of Pavement Management Systems

Chapter 26: Steps and Key Components of Implementation

26.1 Recognize Need for Change

26.2 User Interface Design/User Experience Design

26.3 Education/Training

26.4 Staffing

26.5 Agency Input

26.6 Training in Software Use

Chapter 27: Role of Construction

27.1 Construction Linked to Planning and Programming

27.2 Construction Linked to Project Level Design and Expected Life Cycle Performance

27.3 Construction Linked with Maintenance and Evaluation

27.4 Information Flows from and to Construction

27.5 Role of Construction in Public-Private Partnerships (PPP’s)

Chapter 28: Role of Maintenance

28.1 Maintenance Linked to Other Phases of Pavement Management

28.2 Pavement Preservation in Maintenance

28.3 Maintenance Management Systems Related to PMS

Chapter 29: Research Management

29.1 Some Key Elements of Research Management

29.2 Issues and Examples

References for Part Five

Part Six: Examples of Working Systems

Chapter 30: Basic Features of Working Systems

Chapter 31: Network Level Examples of Pavement Management

31.1 Review of COTS PMS Vendors

31.2 Vendor Background

31.3 Guidelines to Available PMS Software

31.4 Evaluation of Available Information on Leading PMS Providers

31.5 Summary

Chapter 32: Project Level Examples of PMS Software

Chapter 33: HDM-4 the Upgraded World Bank Model

33.1 HDM-4 Applications

33.2 Summary

Chapter 34: City and County Pavement Management Systems

34.1 Lisbon, Portugal

34.2 City of San Antonio, Texas

34.3 Metro Nashville PMS Selection Process

34.4 Pavement Management in Johannesburg, South Africa

34.5 City of Henderson, Nevada

34.6 GIS Based Pavement Management System—Fountain Hills Arizona

Chapter 35: Airport Pavement Management

35.1 PAVER and MicroPAVER

35.2 USDOT Federal Aviation Administration Support and Use of PMS

35.3 Arizona Airports Pavement Management System

35.4 Washington State Airport Pavement Management System

35.5 Summary

References for Part Six

Part Seven: Looking Ahead

Chapter 36: Analyzing Special Problems

36.1 Calibration of Pavement Design Methods

36.2 Superpave Evaluation

36.3 Warm Mix Asphalts

36.4 Corridor Analysis

36.5 Improved Pavement Performance Models

36.6 Geographic Areas of Heavy Damage

36.7 Analysis of Heavy Load Corridors

36.8 Summary

Chapter 37: Applications of Expert Systems Technology

Chapter 38: New and Emerging Technologies

38.1 Predicted Advances in PMS

38.2 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

38.3 New Software, Hardware, Data Bases, and Personal Computers

38.4 New Measurement Technologies

38.5 Summary

Chapter 39: Institutional Issues and Barriers Related to Pavement Management Implementation

39.1 Introduction

39.2 Summary

Chapter 40: Cost and Benefits of Pavement Management

40.1 General

40.2 Quantifiable Benefits

40.3 Benefit/Cost of Developing and Using PMS

40.4 Example Benefits of PMS for Arizona DOT

40.5 Example Benefits of Management Systems for Pinellas County Public Works, Florida

40.6 Summary

Chapter 41: Future Direction and Need for Innovation in Pavement Management

41.1 Pavement Management Roadmap

41.2 Consider User Costs and Vehicle Operating Cost in PMS

41.3 Needs for Improved Software

41.4 Forward Looking Opportunities

41.5 Motivating Factors and Roadblocks in Advancing Pavement Management

Chapter 42: Developments in Asset Management

42.1 Background

42.2 Framework for AMS

42.3 Business Plan for AMS

42.4 General Principles of Asset Management Evolving from PMS

42.5 Early Positive Steps by DOTs

42.6 Maturing AMS

42.7 Roadblocks to AMS Implementation

42.8 Strategic Level

42.9 Corporate Data Base and Executive Information System

42.10 Network Level and Project Level

42.11 Summary

42.12 Websites Containing Transportation Asset Management Information as of 2014

References to Part Seven

Index

Pavement Asset Management

Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106

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Cover design by Kris Hackerott

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

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Dedication

This book is dedicated to the many practitioners, educators and researchers who have made a difference in advancing pavement management over the past five decades. We name a few in the following, with apologies to other deserving individuals whom we have unintentionally missed, and with recognition of the many planning, design, materials, construction and maintenance people who have contributed in various ways but could not all be realistically listed.

Fred Finn, Consultant; Roger Leclerc, Washington State DOT; Paul Irick, TRB; Bill Carey, TRB; Frank Botelho, FHWA; Frank McCullough, UT Austin; Roger Smith, Texas A & M; Katie Zimmerman, ApTech Consultants; Sue McNeil, U Delaware; Charlie Duggan, Connecticut DOT; Mo Shahin, Corps of Engineers; Harold Von Quintus, Applied Research Associates, Inc.; Stuart Hudson, Agile Assets Consultants; Gerardo Flintsch, Virginia Tech; Oscar Lyons, Arizona DOT; Dale Petersen, Utah DOT; Waheed Uddin, U Mississippi; Gary Elkins, AMEC Environment & Infrastructure; Harvey Treybig, ARE Consultants; George Way, Arizona DOT; Eric Perrone, Agile Assets Consultants; Mike Darter, U Illinois; Charles Pilson, Agile Assets Consultants; Bob Lytton, Texas A & M; Dave Luhr, Washington State DOT; Joe Mahoney, U Washington; Judith Corley Lay, N Carolina DOT; Linda Pierce, ApTech Consultants; Billy Connor, Alaska DOT

And

Bill Phang, Ontario DOT; Frank Meyer, Stantec Consultants; Matt Karan, Stantec Consultants; Bill Paterson, World Bank; Alex Visser, U Pretoria; Hernan de Solminihac; U Catholica, Santiago, Chili; Bert Wilkins, British Columbia DOT; Robert Tessier, Quebec Ministry of Transport; Tom Kazmierowski, Ontario DOT; Bruce Hutchinson, U Waterloo; Theuns Henning, U Auckland; Susan Tighe, U Waterloo; John Yeaman, Consultant Australia; Pim Visser, Consultant Netherlands; Cesar Queiroz, World Bank; Tien Fwa, U Singapore; Atsushi Kasahara, U Hokkaido; Martin Snaith, U Birmingham; Henry Kerali, U Birmingham; Rick Deighton, Deighton Consultants; Donaldson MacLeod, Public Works Canada.

RH, WRH and LCF

Preface

Pavement Management Systems by Haas and Hudson (1978) laid a foundation for using the systems methodology in a pavement management context. Modern Pavement Management by Haas, Hudson, and Zaniewski (1994)1 built on the concepts of the original book but was a complete update of the original book. While there have been many advances in pavement engineering and management concepts since 1994, the basic structure of the pavement management process is largely intact. Therefore, the purpose of this book on Pavement Asset Management is to reflect current pavement engineering and management concepts and practice.

Although the concept of applying the systems method to pavement engineering and management has existed for several decades, there is still a need to make the case for adopting pavement management systems. Subsequent years saw pavement management systems broadly accepted and implemented by agencies and organizations with responsibilities for designing, constructing, and maintaining pavement structures. In fact the management systems concept has been and continues to be broadly implemented to the entire transportation and indeed civil infrastructure, as described in Public Infrastructure Asset Management by Uddin, Hudson and Haas (2013).2

Initial pavement management systems focused on the pavement design problem, i.e. what is the “best” pavement solution for a specific section of road. However, it was soon recognized that the systems method could be applied for selecting and programming what, where, and when projects should be selected for the optimum allocation of funds to a network of pavements managed by an agency. The two applications of the systems method to pavement management were termed “project” and “network” level pavement management. Subsequently, the capability of within-project alternatives was added to recognize that some network level systems were capable of identifying optimal levels of resources over time and between the different pavement strategies, but it did not have a mechanism for the actual selection of the timing and location of specific treatments. The confluence of pavement engineering at the project level and the management problem at the network level results in what may best be termed as good engineering-management.

To some extent, the separation of pavement design and management into discrete elements was an artifact of the technology available in the 1980s and 1990s. Specifically, the data and analysis methods needed for a project level design system were too complex, computer intensive, and time consuming for application at the network level. With the evolution of technology, the pavement design and engineering-management system process may be viewed as a continuum that ranges from the greatest level of data detail needed for a research project to the greatest level of aggregation, which is suitable for programming decisions at the national level.

Extension of the continuum concept in the pavement design and engineering-management process is complex and difficult to fully understand by any individual; hence, engineers and managers face the conundrum of selecting the content and level of detail needed in a text about pavement management systems. For example, there is no intention to make this a pavement design textbook. On the other hand, knowledge of pavement design is necessary for understanding the broader pavement engineering-management process at both the project and network levels.

In many areas of the overall pavement engineering-management process, we have made arbitrary decisions as to the level of detail presented in both the original books of 1978 and 1994, and in this book. This is necessary as the subject is too extensive to be fully treated in one book. The intention is to provide a holistic treatment of the process, with sufficient information on the various related topics for understanding and using the PMS process.

When the original books were published in 1978 and 1994, there was a need for a comprehensive document about pavement management systems. Relatively limited resources were available to engineers, managers, and educators about pavement management. Few organizations were actively pursuing and implementing pavement management systems at that time. To expand knowledge, the Federal Highway Administration sponsored a pavement management workshop for state highway agencies in Phoenix, Arizona, and Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1981. But in general, pavement management was not widely understood and embraced by administrators of highway agencies, the pavement engineering community, and academicians. In the intervening years there has been a plethora of publications about pavement management. There is now so much information (some good, some erroneous) about pavement management systems that it is difficult for a student or professional to know where to start and how to approach understanding, development, and use of pavement engineering-management systems.

This book is intended to present relevant current and new information needed for studying and applying pavement management systems.

Many people have contributed to this book. We have attempted to recognize as many as possible but will undoubtedly miss some, for which we apologize. Likewise, we have tried to condense or summarize some of the material as much as possible. Any resulting errors are the sole responsibility of the authors and not the contributors.

Recognition and special thanks are due to Dr. John Zaniewski who contributed in the early stages of this book including the outline and Sections of Part Two, but John was unable to join us as a co-author.

Special thanks are also due to Jan Zeybel and Shelley Bacik for their diligent and patient work on the many drafts of our manuscript. Thanks also to our Editor, Hank Zeybel, for his strong editorial work to produce a copy edited final draft, and to our publisher Phil Carmical of Scrivener with whom we were fortunate to be able to work in Austin, Texas.

Technical material has been contributed by Roger Smith and his team, and by Alan Kercher, Katie Zimmerman, Steve Seeds, Maggie Covault, Mike McNerney, Charles Pilson, Eric Perrone, Stuart Hudson and his team. Their contributions are very much appreciated.

Thanks are also due to the many hundreds of persons who have contributed to the advancement of PMS through development, use, implementation, and research over the last half century. Many are referenced in the book. We regret the inadvertent admission of any others.

Ralph Haas W.        Ronald Hudson        Lynne Cowe Falls

1 Haas, R., W.R. Hudson and J.P. Zaniewski, Modern Pavement Management, Krieger Press, Florida, 1994.

2 Uddin, W., W.R. Hudson, R.C.G. Haas, Public Infrastructure Asset Management, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Education Publications, New York, 2013.

Part One

THE EVOLUTION OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT

Chapter 1

Introduction

Many advances in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of pavements have occurred in the past century. Pavement management, as practiced today as part of overall asset management, has evolved from early rudimentary efforts in the 1960s to a comprehensive technology, economic, and business-based process.

The first two books on PMS were published in the 1970s [1,2] and in many ways were a catalyst for ensuring developments and implementation of pavement management systems worldwide. Related documents include many guides, manuals, reports, and a vast array of publications, most of which can be accessed on agency websites.

Quite recently, the Canadian Pavement Asset design and Management Guide [3] has provided a valuable tool for practitioners and for college and university level instruction.

The last major PMS book, Modern Pavement Management, published in 1994, is comprehensive in scope and content and is still used in both university and professional environments [4]. In universities it is used as a text for senior and graduate level classes. Professionals use it to study the broad concept of pavement management systems, either by self-study or in a workshop environment.

Since 1994, there has been a transition in application of pavement management systems. Large agencies at the national and state level continue to use pavement management systems as a vital part of their asset management strategy in fulfilling their responsibility to society. This practice has also been transmitted to local and city agencies with pavement and other assets responsibility.

However, application of PMS in all areas of the public sector has migrated from project-level PMS to broader application at the network level.

As a result of this transition, it seemed clear to the authors that this book should deal primarily with the network-level PMS and so it does. Since the basic concepts and approach from 1994 still apply, this book picks up changes, improvements, and application developed since 1994. As a comparison, [4] provides the content for basic PMS studies, while this book updates concepts and applications for advanced studies.

In other words, the authors do not repeat the basic pavement design models and concepts. The reader may obtain those in [4,5]. The design models covered herein relate to MEPDG [6].

This book explains the development of asset management as it stemmed from pavement management in Chapter 46 of [4] but it does not cover asset management details that are presented in a book by [7].

Chapter 2

Birth and Teen Years of Pavement Management (1967–1987)

Pavement management was born in the mid 1960s largely in response to numerous unanticipated pavement failures on the US Interstate and Canadian Highway Systems. These roads had been designed and constructed using the best known pavement design technology at that time, including the results of the $30 million AASHO Road Test. After an intensive national review of problems observed, the impossibility of making accurate single-point predictions of pavement performance due to national statistical variability of the major inputs became clear. Design methods at that time required as inputs estimated traffic, projected as-constructed materials properties, and estimated environmental conditions for a 20–30 year life of the pavement. These methods did not take into account the effects on performance of pavement maintenance, nor did they consider the life-cycle cost past the initial design period to include one or more overlays and rehabilitation activities, which everyone knew were common practice on heavy duty pavements. In response to this problem the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) funded a major research project (AASHTO) to find the reason and a solution for the problem [8].