Pesticides E-Book

G. A. Matthews

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 493

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Crop protection continues to be an important component of modern farming to maintain food production to feed an expanding human population, but considerable changes have occurred in the regulation of pesticides in Europe in the last decade.  The aim has been to reduce their impact on people and the environment.  This has resulted in a major reduction in the number of chemicals approved for application on crops.  In other parts of the world, a continuing expansion in the growing of genetically modified crops has also changed the pattern of pesticide use.

In this second edition, Graham Matthews, updates how pesticides are registered and applied and the techniques used to mitigate their effects in the environment.  Information on operator safety, protection of workers in crops treated with pesticides and spray drift affecting those who live in farming areas is also discussed.

By bringing together the most recent research on pesticides in a single volume, this book provides a vital up to date resource for agricultural scientists, agronomists, plant scientists, plant pathologists, entomologists, environmental scientists, public health personnel, toxicologists and others working in the agrochemical industry and governments.  It should assist development of improvements in harmonising regulation of pesticides in countries with limited resources for registration of pesticides.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Preface to the first edition

Preface to second edition

Acknowledgements

1 Pesticides and agricultural development

Principal pesticides

Insecticides

Herbicides

Fungicides

Rodenticides

Crop distribution

Major crops

References

2 Approval of pesticides

Retrospective assessment

Environmental aspects

Endocrine disrupters

Approval in relation to efficacy

Operator proficiency

Storage and waste management

References

3 Application of pesticides

Hydraulic sprayers

Hydraulic nozzles

Sprayer testing

Rotary atomisers

Compression sprayers

Knapsack sprayers

Home and garden use

Weed wipers

Space treatment equipment

Granule application

Seed treatment

Storage of pesticides and equipment

Timing and number of spray applications

References

4 Operator exposure

Methodology of measuring exposure

Exposure of hands

Inhalation exposure

Biomonitoring

First aid

Periods of exposure

References

5 Spray drift, bystander, resident and worker exposure

What is drift?

How is drift measured?

Bystander exposure

Residential exposure

Worker exposure

References

6 Environmental aspects of spray drift

Protecting water

Protecting vegetation

Overall environmental impact assessments

Pesticide misuse affecting wildlife

References

7 Residues in food

References

8 The future of pesticides

Weed management

Disease management

Insect management

IPM

Traditional plant breeding

Present day pesticides

Herbicides

Fungicides

Insecticides

Other insecticides

Biopesticides

More selective applications

Pheromones

GM crops

Perceptions and hopes for the future

References

Appendix 1 Standard terms and abbreviations

Technical terms

Organisations and publications

Appendix 2 Checklist of important actions for pesticide users

Drift reduction

Downwind protection

Water protection (in addition to the aforementioned text)

Operator protection

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 01

Table 1.1 Year of introduction of selected pesticides (Ware, 1986; MacBean, 2012 and web pages)

Table 1.2 Some examples of fungicides

Table 1.3 Area and yield of wheat in the UK