Practical Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging E-Book

Suzanne Easton

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 263

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Practical Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging is an essential and practical guide to the various diagnostic imaging modalities that are used in veterinary practice. It moves from basic mathematic and physical principles through to discussion of equipment and practical methods. Radiographic techniques for both small and large animals are covered. There is a separate chapter devoted to ultrasound, as well as discussion of advanced imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy, computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The book also covers legislation and safety issues in the context of their impact on the veterinary practice.

Presented with clear line diagrams and photographs, Practical Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging also provides revision points and self-assessment questions in each chapter to aid study. It is an ideal guide for student and qualified veterinary nurses. It is also a useful reference for veterinary students and veterinarians in general practice who want a basic guide to radiography and other imaging modalities.

KEY FEATURES

• Everything you need to know about diagnostic imaging in veterinary practice in a language you can easily understand
• The basic principles of physics presented in simple terms
• Improves your positioning techniques with practical tips for best practice
• Clear guidance on the use of digital imaging to improve image quality and reduce radiation doses to patients
• Companion website with additional resources (available at www.wiley.com/go/easton/diagnosticimaging)

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Companion website

Title Page

Copyright

Figure Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Essential Mathematics and Physics

Introduction

Matter, energy, power and heat

Units and prefixes used in radiography

Radiological units

Useful mathematics

Proportions and the inverse square law

Chapter 2: The Principles of Physics Used in Radiography

Introduction

Electrostatics – the electric charge

Conductors and insulators

Electricity

Measuring electricity

Types of current

Laws of an electric current

Resistance

Making a circuit – the options

Magnetism

The function and composition of a magnet

Magnetic laws

Electromagnetism – electricity and magnetism in union

Laws of electromagnetic induction

Chapter 3: Inside the Atom

Introduction

Atoms, elements and other definitions

The ‘Make-Up’ of an atom – atomic structure

Shells and energy

The periodic table

Radioactivity

The effects of an electron changing orbits

Electromagnetic radiation

Frequency and wavelength

Chapter 4: The X-ray Tube

Introduction

The tube housing

The cathode

The anode

The line focus principle

The anode-heel effect

The stator assembly

Tube rating

How to look after your X-ray tube

Chapter 5: Diagnostic Equipment

Introduction

The X-ray circuit

What is seen from the outside?

High-voltage generators

Rectification

Mains supply switch

Primary circuit

Operating console

Filament circuit – control of the mA

High-tension circuit – provision of kV

Making an exposure – switches, timers and interlocks

Types of X-ray machines

Health and safety requirements

Power rating

Chapter 6: Production of X-rays

Introduction

Electron production

Target interactions

X-ray emission spectrum

Altering the emission spectrum

X-ray quantity

X-ray quality

Altering exposure factors

Exposure charts

Chapter 7: The Effects of Radiation

Introduction

The effect of the X-ray beam striking another atom

Absorption

Attenuation

The effects of ionising radiation on the body

Luminescence

Chapter 8: Control of the Primary Beam and Scatter

Introduction

Light beam diaphragm

Factors affecting scattered radiation

Function of grids

Construction of a grid

Types of grid

Choosing a grid

Problems with using a grid

Air gap technique

Chapter 9: Radiographic Film

Introduction

Film construction

Types of film

Formation of the latent image

Care and storage of films

Film sensitivity

Chapter 10: Intensifying Screens and Cassettes

Introduction

The construction of intensifying screens

Film–screen combinations

Film–screen contact

Care of intensifying screens

Construction of cassettes

Care and use of cassettes

Chapter 11: Processing the Radiographic Film

Introduction

The stages of processing

Developer

Fixer

Parts of the automatic processor

Replenishment

Silver recovery

The darkroom

Control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) regulations

Other methods of processing

Chapter 12: Digital Radiography

Introduction

Computed radiography

Care of the imaging plate and cassette

Computerised radiography process

Digital radiography

Image storage

Image display

Image quality

Chapter 13: Radiographic Image Quality

Introduction

Sensitometry

Densitometry

Characteristic curve

Latitude

Density

Contrast

Magnification

Distortion

Movement

Producing a high-quality radiograph

Commonly seen film faults

Chapter 14: Radiation Protection

Introduction

The effects of ionising radiation on the body

The basics to remember

Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999

Radiation safety in the veterinary practice

Classifying the areas around an X-ray machine

Dose limits

Monitoring devices

Lead shielding

Quality assurance

Chapter 15: Radiography Principles

Introduction

General principles

Restraint

Positioning aids

Markers and legends

Assessing the radiograph

Terminology

BVA/KC hip dysplasia and elbow scoring scheme

Chapter 16: Contrast Media

Introduction

Negative contrast medium

Positive contrast medium

Contrast examination procedures

Myelography

Other contrast examinations

Chapter 17: Small Animal Radiography Techniques

Chest

Abdomen

Head and neck

Distal extremities

Shoulder

Pelvis

Spine

Small mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Chapter 18: Large Animal Radiography Techniques

Foot

Fetlock

Metacarpus and metatarsus (cannon and splint)

Carpus

Elbow

Shoulder

Tarsus

Stifle

Head

Spine

Chest

Chapter 19: Introduction to Ultrasound

Introduction

Sound waves

Ultrasound

How ultrasound works

Types of ultrasound scan

Doppler ultrasound

Effects on tissue

Ultrasound machines and transducers

Patient preparation

Areas suitable for examination

Chapter 20: Advance Imaging Techniques

Introduction

Fluoroscopy

Computerised tomography (CT)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Nuclear scintigraphy

Index

Companion website

This book is accompanied by a companion website:

www.wiley.com/go/easton/diagnosticimaging

The website includes:

Case studiesAll figures as powerpoint slidesAdditional anatomy X-raysGuideline answers to the end-of-chapter Revision Questions found in the book

This edition first published 2012 © 2002 by Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataEaston, Suzanne. Practical veterinary diagnostic imaging / Suzanne Easton. – 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Practical radiography for veterinary nurses / Suzanne Easton. 2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-65648-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Veterinary radiography. 2. Veterinary diagnostic imaging. I. Easton, Suzanne. Practical radiography for veterinary nurses. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Radiography--veterinary. SF 757.8] SF757.8.E38 2012 636.089′607572–dc23 2012010602

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: iStockphoto.com Cover design by Steve Thompson

Figure Acknowledgements

Figures 3.1, 3.4, 4.1, 7.3, 15.1 and 19.7

Aspinall, V. (2010) Complete Textbook of Veterinary Nursing, 2nd edn. Oxford: Elsevier.

Figures 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6

Bushong, S.C. (2004) Radiological Science for Technologies: Physics, Biology and Protection, 8th edn. St Louis: Mosby.

Figures 4.3, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8 and 8.1

Carter, P. (2007) Imaging Science. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Figures 5.5, 9.3, 9.5, 10.2, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9 and 13.2

Easton, S. (2010) An Introduction to Radiography. Oxford: Churchill Livingstone.

Figures 1.1, 4.2, 4.8, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 9.2, 9.4, 11.2, 11.5, 12.1, 13.1, 13.5 and 13.6

Fauber, T. (2004) Radiographic Imaging and Exposure, 2nd edn. St Louis: Mosby.

Figures 2.7, 4.7 and 10.1

Graham, D., Cloke, P., Vosper, M. (2007) Principles of Radiological Physics, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

Figures 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.8 and 18.9

Han, C., Hurd, C. (2005) Practical Diagnostic Imaging for the Veterinary Technician, 3rd edn. St Louis: Mosby.

Figures 17.3, 17.4, 17.6, 17.7, 17.9, 17.10, 17.12, 17.14 and 17.15

Lavin, L. (2007) Radiography in Veterinary Technology, 4th edn. St Louis: Mosby.

Figures 18.1, 18.2, 18.7, 18.10 and 18.11

Mendenhall, A., Cantwell, H.D. (1988) Equine Radiographic Procedures. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.

Figures 3.3, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2 and 15.2

Thrall, D. (2002) Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 4th edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Figures 19.1, 20.3, 20.6 and 20.9

Patel, P.R. (1997) Lecture Notes on Radiology. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Figures 5.1, 5.3 and 5.4

Xograph Healthcare Ltd. and Cave Veterinary Specialists.