Pulmonary Embolism E-Book

Paul D. Stein

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1609

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

A must have resource for clinicians and investigators  interested in pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis

• Highly illustrated with numerous tables and graphs alongside clear concise text
• Includes chapters addressing pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in relation to diseases and disorders such as; chronic heart failure, cancer, diabetes, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and many more
• Discusses the role the different tools offered in imaging for PE, including echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) imaging, dual energy CT, and magnetic resonance angiography
• Contains 29 new chapters and includes new content on epidemiology of deep venous thrombosis; use of the new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) for DVT and PE; indications and results with thrombolytic therapy and with vena cava filters; and information and indications for invasive mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolysis
• Written by an internationally recognized and respected expert in the field

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Prologue

The ancient history of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

References

Preface to the Third Edition

About the companion website

Introduction

References

Part I: Prevalence, risks, and prognosis of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis

Chapter 1: Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis at autopsy

Prevalence of pulmonary embolism at autopsy

Large or fatal PE at autopsy

Small PE at autopsy

Unsuspected PE at autopsy

Rate and sequence of organization of thromboemboli

Deep venous thrombosis at autopsy

Forward thrombosis versus retrograde thrombosis

Collateral veins around occlusions

Thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis

Valve pockets as site of origin of DVT

References

Chapter 2: Incidence of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients and in emergency departments

Pulmonary embolism in hospitals

Pulmonary embolism in emergency departments

Deep venous thrombosis in hospitals

Deep venous thrombosis in emergency departments

Vena cava thrombosis

References

Chapter 3: Case fatality rate and population mortality rate from pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis

Case fatality rate of patients with pulmonary embolism before early diagnosis by imaging was available

Case fatality rate of untreated patients with pulmonary embolism in the present era

Case fatality rate of patients with deep venous thrombosis

Treated patients with pulmonary embolism compared with treated patients with deep venous thrombosis

Case fatality rate of pulmonary embolism in the present era

Stable patients with pulmonary embolism

Unstable patients with pulmonary embolism

Early death from pulmonary embolism

Case fatality rate attributable to pulmonary embolism

Case fatality rate according to age

Population mortality rate from PE

References

Chapter 4: Prognosis in acute pulmonary embolism based on right ventricular enlargement and biochemical markers in stable patients

Right ventricular enlargement and prognosis in stable patients

Cardiac troponins and prognosis

Cardiac troponin levels in combination with right ventricular dysfunction or right ventricular dilatation

Randomized controlled trial: thrombolytic therapy in patients with elevated cardiac troponin and RV dysfunction

Myoglobin

Natriuretic peptides

Serum uric acid

Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB

Plasma heart-type fatty acid binding protein

References

Chapter 5: Prognosis in acute pulmonary embolism based on scoring systems

Identification of high-risk patients

Identification of low-risk patients potentially eligible for home treatment of PE

Comparison of outcome in low-risk patients according to scoring system

Cardiac biomarkers for assessment of low risk

References

Chapter 6: Pulmonary embolism following deep venous thrombosis and outcome with untreated pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism with untreated deep venous thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism with treated deep venous thrombosis

Outcome of untreated patients with PE in the present era of early diagnosis

Recurrent PE in untreated nonmassive PE and negative serial noninvasive leg tests

References

Chapter 7: Resolution of pulmonary embolism

Resolution of perfusion lung scans

Resolution of V–Q SPECT

Resolution of conventional pulmonary angiograms

Resolution of CT pulmonary angiograms

Comparison of vessels

Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide

References

Chapter 8: Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis

Prevalence of upper extremity DVT

Pulmonary embolism with upper extremity DVT

Post-thrombotic syndrome with upper extremity DVT

Clinical manifestations of upper extremity DVT

Cancer and upper extremity DVT

Diagnosis

Prophylaxis for prevention of catheter related upper extremity DVT

Treatment of catheter-related upper extremity DVT

References

Chapter 9: Thromboembolic disease involving the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins

References

Chapter 10: Venous thromboembolic disease in the four seasons

Incidence of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis according to season

Mortality from pulmonary embolism according to season

References

Chapter 11: Regional differences in the United States of rates of diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis and mortality from pulmonary embolism

Regional rates of diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis

Regional mortality rates from PE

References

Chapter 12: Venous thromboembolism according to age and in the elderly

Rates of diagnosis and trends in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the elderly

Case fatality rate according to age

Diagnosis of acute PE in the elderly

Predisposing factors according to age

Syndromes of PE according to age

Symptoms according to age

Signs according to age

Chest radiograph

Combinations of symptoms and signs and radiographic abnormalities

Acute hemorrhage/infarction syndrome in the elderly

Clinical assessment according to age

The electrocardiogram according to age

Blood gases according to age

Use of diagnostic tests in the elderly

Antithrombotic prophylaxis and age

Treatment of the elderly

References

Chapter 13: Pulmonary thromboembolism in infants and children

Prevalence of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in infants, children, and adolescents

Predisposing factors in children and adolescents

Pulmonary embolism in pediatric orthopedic patients and pediatric patients with cancer

Imaging tests in children

Antithrombotic treatment in infants and children

References

Chapter 14: Venous thromboembolism in men and women

Incidence of pulmonary embolism according to sex

Incidence of deep venous thrombosis according to sex

Recurrent venous thromboembolism according to sex

Use of diagnostic tests according to sex

Sensitivity and specificity of multidetector computed tomography (CT) and of ventilation–perfusion lung scans according to sex

Length of hospital stay according to sex

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism according to sex

References

Chapter 15: Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in blacks and whites

Pulmonary embolism in blacks and whites

Deep venous thrombosis in blacks and whites

Complications of pulmonary embolism in blacks and whites

Mortality from pulmonary embolism in blacks and whites

Risk factors in blacks and whites

Use of diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in blacks and whites

Length of stay in hospital for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in blacks and whites

References

Chapter 16: Pulmonary thromboembolism in Asians/Pacific Islanders

Unadjusted population-based rates of diagnosis

Age-adjusted population-based rates of diagnosis

Incidence in hospitals

Population mortality rates

Hemophilic factors

Venous thromboembolism following orthopedic surgery

Sensitivity to warfarin

References

Chapter 17: Pulmonary thromboembolism in American Indians and Alaskan Natives

References

Chapter 18: Venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer

Incidence of VTE in women with cancer of the breast

Pulmonary embolism as a cause of death in patients who died with cancer

Inferior vena cava filters in stable patients with PE and cancer

References

Chapter 19: Venous thromboembolism in patients with heart failure

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with heart failure

Prevalence of VTE in patients with heart failure

Mortality from PE in patients with heart failure

Antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients with heart failure

References

Chapter 20: Obesity as a risk factor in venous thromboembolism

Prevalence of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in obese hospitalized patients

Age-dependence of risks of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in obese patients

Definitions of obesity

Mechanism of deep venous thrombosis in obesity

Mortality paradox in obese patients

Bariatric surgery

Oral contraceptives

References

Chapter 21: Hypertension, smoking, and cholesterol

Hypertension

Smoking

Cholesterol

References

Chapter 22: Overlap of venous and arterial thrombosis risk factors

Obesity, cigarette smoking, hypertension, age, and coagulation factors

Stress

Nutritional factors

Association of atherosclerosis with deep venous thrombosis

Statin therapy

References

Chapter 23: Venous thromboembolism in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

References

Chapter 24: Paradoxical embolism

Mechanism of paradoxical embolism

Prevalence of patent foramen ovales and evidence of paradoxical embolism

Percutaneous transvenous closure of patent foramen ovales