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Scott Royer

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Beschreibung

The tools you need to raise and care for beef cattle Beef cattle farming is a business that continues to grow in the United States and around the world, and it will only grow larger as the demand for beef continues to increase. Raising Beef Cattle For Dummies provides you with an introduction to all aspects of raising beef cattle. Packed with expert tips from experienced farmers, it gives any level of cattle-raiser the tools needed to increase the quantity and quality of your farm's output and maintain a healthy herd. Raising Beef Cattle For Dummies is the go-to resource for aspiring cattle farmers. With important information on health, handling, and breeding, and detailed coverage of equipment and supplies, it is teeming with useful information that anyone interested in raising cattle should have. * Advice on which beef cattle breeds to rear * The prevention and treatment of common diseases * Caring for pregnant heifers and calving procedures * Dietary specifications dependent on breed * Guidance on humane management * Creating an open and safe pasture habitat If you're an aspiring cattle farmer looking to begin raising cattle or an established raiser interested in expanding your herd, Raising Beef Cattle For Dummies has you covered.

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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

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Raising Beef Cattle For Dummies®

Visit www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/raisingbeefcattle to view this book's cheat sheet.

Table of Contents

Introduction
About This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
What You’re Not to Read
Foolish Assumptions
How This Book Is Organized
Part I: Getting to Know Beef Cattle
Part II: Preparing to Bring Home the Beef
Part III: Cattle Handling, Health, and Breeding
Part IV: Realizing Your Cattle Business Potential
Part V: The Part of Tens
Icons Used in This Book
Where to Go from Here
Part I: Getting to Know Beef Cattle
Chapter 1: The Rewards and Responsibilities of Raising Beef Cattle
Burgers and Beyond: Examining the Benefits of Owning Beef Cattle
Becoming more self-sufficient
Producing extra income
Improving the land naturally
Providing a fun and educational family project
Providing the Basics for Your Cattle
Wholesome feed and water
Clean, spacious living and eating areas
A low-stress environment
Planning for the Labor and Financial Commitments
Reviewing daily chore commitments
Planning for big projects and emergencies
Looking at purchase prices
Calculating feed expenses
Figuring the cost of healthcare
Budgeting for facilities and land
Developing a Herd Mentality: Assembling Your Team of Experts
Making friends with a mentor
Vetting your veterinarian
Relying on local extension agents
Asking for advice from your feed dealer
Holy Cow! Important Safety and Legal Considerations
Preventing physical injuries
Watching out for zoonotic diseases
Considering your insurance needs
Being a good neighbor
Complying with zoning regulations
Chapter 2: Bovine Basics: Understanding Cattle Terminology and Anatomy
Livestock Lingo: Describing Cattle by Age, Sex, and Life Stage
Grasping the Wonders of the Bovine Body
“Nice pin bones”: Getting acquainted with general cattle anatomy
Ruminating on cattle stomachs
Checking out male reproductive anatomy
Making sense of female reproductive anatomy
Meat or Milk? Investigating Different Types of Cattle
Looking at the udderly fascinating world of dairy cattle
The big beef: Eyeing the traits of beef cattle
Chapter 3: From Angus to Zebu: Looking at Beef Cattle Breeds and Traits
Identifying the Traits That Are Important to You
Keeping up with the Jones’s: Follow your neighbors’ lead when choosing breeds
Purple cows need not apply: Picking your cattle’s hair color
Horning in: Choosing animals with or without horns
Matching breed characteristics to your feed resources and customer needs
Perusing breed purity: Purebred or crossbred
Beefing Up Your Knowledge of Common Beef Breeds
Introducing the British breeds
A well-cultured cow: Looking at the Continental breeds
The American Brahman: The best known North American Bos indicus
Maintaining vigor with the composite breeds
Heritage breeds: Examining the old, pure bloodlines
Part II: Preparing to Bring Home the Beef
Chapter 4: Home on the Range: Preparing Your Facilities
Making (and Keeping) Good Neighbors by Building Strong Fences
Addressing permanent fence needs
Preparing internal fencing
Planning for gates
Keeping cattle in line with electric fencing
Planning Your Handling Facilities
Selecting a site for your handling facilities
Designing your handling facilities
Selecting a head gate and holding chute
Sheltering Your Cattle
Going with the tried and true: Pole barns
Checking out the latest in barnyard architecture: Hoop barns
Making do with what you have: Repurposing existing structures
Providing shade sources and wind breaks
Choosing bedding for your cattle shelter
Preventing Mud and Muck with a HUAP Zone
Chapter 5: Chow Time: Planning Your Feeding Program
Understanding the Nutrients Cattle Need
Starting with protein
Harnessing the nutritional power of energy: Carbs, fats, and proteins
Mighty minerals: Finding the right balance
Cooking up an alphabet soup of vital vitamins
Water: Providing the ever-important liquid
Comparing Feeds and Choosing the Best for Your Cattle
Feeding forages
Adding to the cattle diet with concentrates
Considering nontraditional feedstuffs
Doling Out the Proper Feed for All Types of Cattle
Nourishing the newborn
Providing for the growing calf
Balancing the diet for a finishing animal
Maintaining the dry cow
Keeping your pregnant or lactating cows fed
Meeting the dietary needs of your bull
Deciding on a Feeding Schedule
Opting for limit feeding
Allowing cattle to free-choice feed
Introducing new feeds to the diet
Purchasing the Basic Supplies: Fine China Not Required
Getting excited about grain feeders
Relying on hay rings
Ensuring proper water sources
Chapter 6: Exploring Pasture, Manure, and Water Management
Pasture Basics: The Forage Elements that Make for Good Grazing
Characterizing quality forages
Looking at the types of forages that are available for your pastures
Seeking Greener Pastures: Improving or Establishing Your Grazing Land
Evaluating and perfecting an existing pasture
Preparing a new pasture
Improving your pasture by fertilizing and feeding the soil
Making manure a nutrient for your pasture, not a nuisance
Optimizing Pasture Productivity
Matching the number of cattle to the amount of available pasture
Giving your pastures a rest with rotational grazing
Creating a yearlong forage chain
Protecting Your Water Resources
Building a stream crossing and drinking area
Managing your ponds and cattle together
Protecting riparian areas with flash grazing
Chapter 7: Choosing and Buying Cattle
Selecting the Right Cattle for You
Early start: Considering the fun and commitment of a bottle calf
Ready to grow: Exploring the benefits of a weaned calf
Blue ribbons: Enjoying the rewards of a show calf
A bun in the oven: Pondering the promise of a bred cow
Deciding Where to Buy Your Cattle: A Bovine Shopper’s Paradise
Going to the farm
Checking out consignment sales
Taking advantage of test stations
Visiting the local sale barn
Surfing the Internet
Making a Wise Purchase: What to Look For Before You Buy
Noticing signs of a healthy versus unhealthy animal
Avoiding genetic and bloodborne diseases
Assessing animal disposition
Judging conformation
Understanding performance measurements and pedigrees
Evaluating customer service
Arriving Home and Settling In
Transporting your cattle
Adjusting cattle to their surroundings and feedstuffs
Part III: Cattle Handling, Health, and Breeding
Chapter 8: Understanding and Properly Handling Cattle
Getting Acquainted with Bovine Behavior
Recognizing cattle preferences
Expecting cattle fighting
Dealing with riding or mounting cattle
Determining Whether Your Cattle Are Content
Deciphering body language: The head, the tail, and the stuff in between
Translating the moo
Taking Advantage of Your Cattle’s Natural Behaviors
Managing the predator-prey relationship
Using the flight zone to move cattle
Working with cattle in a handling facility
Training your cattle
Safely Handling Breeding Stock
Selecting the right equipment
Evaluating a bull’s attitude and handling him
Working with mothers and baby calves
Chapter 9: Keeping Your Cattle Healthy
Observing Your Cattle to Recognize Illness Early
Keeping an eye on appetite and behavior
Checking urine and feces
Get His Vitals, Stat: Measuring Physical Vital Signs
Checking body temperature
Taking the pulse
Observing respiration
Deciding what to do for a sick animal
Vaccinating Your Animals
Creating an Annual Healthcare Calendar
Starting in pre-calving and calving season
Moving on to breeding season
Entering into the preweaning and weaning season
Preventing Seasonal Diseases and Issues
Being a bad host to internal and external parasites
Controlling pinkeye
Beefing up seasonal nutritional needs
Keeping cattle comfortable during extreme weather
Mastering Basic Animal Husbandry Skills
First things first: Stocking your first-aid kit
Making injections a breeze
Hi! My name is Daisy: Attaching identifying ear tags
Treating your cattle’s wounds
Chapter 10: Addressing Common Cattle Ailments
Understanding Respiratory Diseases
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), or red nose
Bovine virus diarrhea (BVD)
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3)
Pasteurella
Haemophilus somnus (H. somnus)
Closing In on Clostridial Diseases
Dealing with Reproductive Diseases
Brucellosis
Leptospirosis
Vibriosis
Trichomoniasis
Contending with Other Infectious Diseases
Pinkeye
Johne’s disease
Tuberculosis
Scours
Looking Out for External Parasites
Flies
Grubs
Lice
Ringworm
Mites
Controlling Internal Parasites
Preventing Feed-Related Problems
Moldy feed
Poisonous plants
Founder
Bloat
Sweet clover poisoning
Chapter 11: Breeding Cows and Caring for Pregnant Females
Preparing Your Cow for a Successful Pregnancy
Assessing body condition scores
Providing extra preparations for cows at either end of the age spectrum
Administering reproductive vaccines
Determining a due date after conception
Tending to the Male Side of the Reproductive Equation
Selecting the right bull for your cows
Understanding the breeding soundness exam
Caring for your bull
Getting Cows Pregnant without Owning a Bull
Opting for artificial insemination
Leasing a bull
Planning for the Big Delivery
Setting up the birthing spaces
Gathering your calving supplies
Monitoring the Stages of Labor
Gearing up for pre-delivery
Progressing into active labor
Watching for postpartum actions
Managing Potential Issues during Pregnancy and after Delivery
Coping with abortions
Being aware of milk fever
Dealing with temporary paralysis
Preventing udder issues
Chapter 12: Looking After Calves Young and Old
Welcome, Baby: Caring for a New Bovine Arrival
Helping the calf with breathing difficulties
Treating the navel
Where’s my name tag? Identifying the calves
Ensuring the calf gets enough colostrum
Dodging Calf Problems in the First Few Days
Brrrr: Dealing with hypothermia
Diagnosing navel or joint ill
Looking out for scours
Growing Up: Tending to the Older Calf
Expanding the calf cuisine: Providing creep feed
Developing a vaccination schedule
Handling horns
Castrating young bulls
Easing the stress of weaning
Part IV: Realizing Your Cattle Business Potential
Chapter 13: Turning Your Extra Pastures into a Money-Making Business
Growing Stocker Calves
Deciding on a season
Identifying a source
Selecting good stocker calves
Planning for a buyer
Preparing your fields, facilities, and cattle
Tending Cows for Absentee Owners
Matching the number of cows on your wish list to your resources
Finding cattle (and their owners)
Creating a contract for services
Raising 100 Percent Grass-Fed Beef
Locating customers
Supplying proper pasture feedstuffs
Determining what type of cattle to raise on an all-grass diet
Chapter 14: Showing and Selling Cattle
Preparing Yourself and Elsie for an Exhibition
Setting your goals
Finding the right show for you
Training your animal to be well- mannered in the show ring
Packing your feeding and grooming supplies for the show
Making the Most of the Show
Putting your best foot (or hoof) forward
Shave and a haircut, two bits: Grooming your animal
Following show ring protocol
Exploring Sales Opportunities for Your Cattle
Opting for private treaty deals
Participating in consignment sales
Getting a hoof in the door by enrolling in a performance test
Selling your cattle online
Chapter 15: Managing Your Beef Business
Covering the Legalities of Selling Beef
Understanding governmental rules regarding processing facilities
Obtaining permits and licenses
Protecting yourself with proper insurance coverage
Exploring and Pricing the Meat a Market Animal Produces
Selling the whole animal on the hoof
Providing freezer beef
Marketing your meat by the individual cut
Setting your prices
Finding and Working with Your Butcher
Checking out the facilities and personnel
Considering your animals’ well-being
Deciding on packages and labels
Maintaining a good relationship with your chosen meat cutter
Exploring Your Different Selling Options
Selling direct off the farm
Participating in farmers’ markets
Harnessing the power of the Internet
Working with restaurants
Promoting and Marketing Your Beef
Beefing up on cattle-selling terminology
Spreading the word about your products
Part V: The Part of Tens
Chapter 16: Ten Common Mistakes to Avoid When Raising Cattle
Tolerating Weak Perimeter Fences
Running Out of Grass
Forgoing a Calving Ease Bull
Neglecting to Keep an Adequate Backup Water Supply
Lacking a Marketing Plan
Buying Bargain Cattle
Purchasing Cattle for Looks and Not Function
Skimping on Training before the Cattle Show
Failing to Set Proper Customer Expectations
Making Raising Cattle Complicated
Chapter 17: Ten (or so) Bizarre Bovine Behaviors . . . and What They Mean
Eating Old, Brown Grass When Fresh Forage Is Available
Squirting Projectile Manure
Not Drinking from the Water Trough
Galloping around the Pasture
Pacing along the Fence
Balking at Shadows or Holes
Bawling Frantically
Rub-a-Dub-Dubbing on Anything and Everything
Curling Their Lips
Cheat Sheet

Raising Beef Cattle For Dummies®

by Nikki Royer and Scott Royer

Raising Beef Cattle For Dummies®

Published byJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River St.Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774

www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

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About the Authors

Scott and Nikki Royer raise cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens on their diversified family farm in Indiana. In addition to raising the calves from their own cow herd, the Royers also purchase and finish feeder cattle from other producers. Nikki has been involved with raising cattle her entire life, showing her first calf at the age of six. For many years she and her family exhibited champion cattle across the country. Both Scott and Nikki are graduates of Purdue University School of Agriculture. Scott worked in the animal feed business and as an animal health research scientist before becoming a full-time livestock producer in 2001. After receiving a master’s degree in Meat Science, Nikki was a sales representative until joining Scott to raise cattle and kids on the farm that her family started in 1874.

Scott and Nikki’s mission at their farm is to provide delicious, nutritious food that’s raised sustainably in a low-stress pasture environment. In 2010, they direct marketed over 45,000 pounds of meat through farmer’s markets, on-farm sales, and the Internet.

Dedication

Nikki Royer: I dedicate this book to my dad, Knic Overpeck, who was an amazing cattleman.

Author’s Acknowledgments

Nikki Royer: Thanks to my husband Scott for being the best spouse and partner I could ever hope to have. To the rest of my family, thank you for your patience during this project. I would like to acknowledge Stephanie for the recommendation and Jennifer Moore, Jessica Smith, David Lutton, and Erin Calligan Mooney for guiding the creation of this book.

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

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Introduction

We’ve had the honor and pleasure of caring for and working with cattle for more than three decades. In the past few years, we’ve been delighted to see more folks joining the cattle raising tradition as new herds pop up across the country. We’ve seen it all. Some folks want to raise an animal or two to keep their own freezers stocked with beef. Others are looking to make a little extra money by growing cattle on extra grass instead of having to mow it. And still others are butchering their animals and selling the meat directly to customers. Regardless of your reason for raising cattle, taking care of these amazing creatures is a great educational experience that the whole family can be involved in.

In this book, we share some of our hard-earned knowledge and ideas so you can better care for your cattle right now instead of relying solely on the tough lessons taught at the “school of experience.” So whether you’re looking to raise livestock for the first time, thinking about adding cattle to your current farm-animal mix, or seeking answers to some questions about the cattle you already own, this book is for you.

About This Book

So many bits and pieces of information regarding raising cattle float around, particularly online, so it can be hard to figure out what is essential and what is mere window dressing. In this book, we bring all the essential aspects of cattle production together.

We cover the gamut of the wonders and responsibilities that await you in the bovine world. We give you basic information on how to find the best cattle, including descriptions of breeds, types of cattle, and places to buy them. And we provide you with all you need to know to get started housing and feeding your herd.

Of course, you also want to keep your animals healthy and content, so we provide you with a preventive health plan and clue you in to the possible illnesses your cattle may encounter and how to treat them. We also delve into many other aspects of cattle production: taking care of pregnant cows and baby calves, showing your animals, marketing your beef, and many more.

We provide modern, research-based information that applies to and works in the real world. Many of the tips and techniques we talk about come from our own personal experience.

The best part is that you don’t have to read this book from cover to cover to get started on your cattle journey. Pick a page, any page, and then start reading. This book is set up in a modular fashion so you can jump around to suit your particular needs. Dabble in whatever chapters you need right now. However, if you want to get an all-encompassing overview of the aspects of raising cattle, you’re more than welcome to read each and every word we write in order from front cover to back.

Conventions Used in This Book

We’ve adopted the following conventions throughout this book to make the material easy to access and understand:

New or unfamiliar terms appear in italics and are accompanied by a concise definition.

Bold indicates the action to take in numbered steps and highlights the key words in bulleted lists.

Web addresses are set in monofont so you can easily spot them.

When this book was printed, some web addresses may have needed to break across two lines of text. If that happened, rest assured that we haven’t put in any extra characters (such as hyphens) to indicate the break. So when using one of these web addresses, just type in exactly what you see in this book, pretending as though the line break doesn’t exist.

What You’re Not to Read

All the pages in this book are chock-full of good info, but you don’t have to read every line to understand the topic at hand (unless you just want to). For instance, text preceded by the Technical Stuff icon gives you in-depth background information that isn’t necessary but that is nonetheless interesting. You won’t be arrested for cattle neglect if you skip this material. The same holds true for the gray-shaded sidebars, which contain fun and fascinating (at least we hope!) but nonessential information.

Foolish Assumptions

Because a book that contains everything there is to know about cattle would probably weigh as much as a mature cow (around 1,100 pounds, in case you’re wondering), we made some assumptions about you, the reader, and what you would want to know. Here are the assumptions we made about you:

You have some general experience taking care of animals, but you aren’t an expert on cattle and need some basic information.

You want to take proper care of your cattle so they stay healthy and content.

You realize raising cattle isn’t an inexpensive endeavor, and you don’t mind spending a little (or a lot) of money so you can do it right the first time.

You want to raise cattle for their meat rather than for their milk (if you need help understanding the difference between beef and dairy cattle, flip to Chapter 2).

How This Book Is Organized

To keep this book easy to use, we’ve organized it in parts by general topics. The chapters help narrow the focus to a particular area of raising cattle, such as caring for a pregnant cow or tending to a calf. We think you’ll use this book as a go-to reference all the time. The following sections provide you with a preview of what you can expect from the parts in this book.

Part I: Getting to Know Beef Cattle

This part looks at the benefits and potential concerns associated with raising cattle. It also introduces the vocabulary that goes along with having cattle. We round out the part by covering some basic cattle welfare information and exploring the broad array of cattle breeds and their various characteristics.

Part II: Preparing to Bring Home the Beef

Taking the time to prepare your facilities and plan your feeding program can help make raising cattle more enjoyable and hopefully more profitable. The chapters in this part help you with the steps needed to prepare your pastures, fences, and corrals. We also take a look at what your cattle like (and need) to eat and drink. After you’ve prepared for bringing home some cattle, you’re ready to go find and buy the animals. We show you how to match your prospective cattle to your specific needs.

Part III: Cattle Handling, Health, and Breeding

In this part, you can find an overview of working with and handling cattle and tending to their preventive healthcare. We also provide information on common cattle diseases and injuries and their treatments. The part wraps up with time-tested recommendations for caring for cattle at different stages of the life cycle.

Part IV: Realizing Your Cattle Business Potential

Cattle are not only fun to raise, but they’re also often profitable as well. This part explores three options for your cattle business: using pastures and grazing, showing and selling cattle, and selling beef direct to customers.

Part V: The Part of Tens

This final part is a For Dummies hallmark. The Part of Tens gives you quick lists of tips. For our Part of Tens, we introduce ten cattle-raising mistakes to avoid and ten bovine behaviors to understand and translate. After all, your cattle will try to communicate with you!

Icons Used in This Book

Throughout the book, you’ll come across little pictures in the left margins. These pictures, called icons, can help you classify the information found beside them. Here are the icons we use in this book:

These bits of text include ideas or pointers that help you save time, money, or frustration (and maybe all three!).

The information beside this icon is important. You want to read this stuff closely so you can keep your cattle and yourself safe, content, and profitable.

When you see this icon, pay attention. This red flag highlights information that can help protect you and your cattle from dangerous situations.

If you like to know all the details, this icon is for you. But, if you just want the basics, feel free to skip these paragraphs.

Where to Go from Here

If you’re ready to get started down the path to bovine bliss, just determine what you need to know and head to the chapter that discusses that topic. You can flip from chapter to chapter without missing a beat. Or, if you prefer, start from the beginning to get an overview. The choice is yours.

Here are some suggestions of some specific bovine educational needs you may have:

Check out Chapter 4 for ideas on how to safely contain your cattle.

If you’re overwhelmed when it comes to planning the feed ration for your cattle, check out Chapter 5.

If your cattle seem ill, go to Chapter 10 for a review of common ailments and effective treatments.

Start with Chapter 14 if you’re preparing to exhibit cattle for the first time.

And don’t forget that the in-depth table of contents and index can help you find the information you need, and clear, eye-catching headings direct you right where you want to go. Best of luck with your bovine journey; we hope you enjoy working with cattle as much as we do!

Part I

Getting to Know Beef Cattle

In this part . . .

The chapters in this part help you make well-informed decisions about raising beef cattle. Chapter 1 takes a look at what’s involved in the big job of raising cattle. Chapter 2 gets you up to speed on the latest livestock language and terminology, including the anatomical terms you need to know. Chapter 3 explores the wide world of beef cattle breeds and types so you can find the best animal for you.

Chapter 1

The Rewards and Responsibilities of Raising Beef Cattle

In This Chapter

Surveying the benefits of owning beef cattle

Taking care of your cattle’s basic needs

Creating a budget for your finances and time

Putting together your advisory team

Contemplating safety and legal concerns

Raising cattle can be fun, educational, profitable, and downright entertaining. Cattle provide you and your family with wholesome food, and they can put a few extra dollars in your pocket as well. But before you get too wrapped up in all the different opportunities that come with raising cattle, you need to take a moment to look at the investments you need to make in order to properly care for your animals.

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!

Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!