Rapid Research Methods for Nurses, Midwives and Health Professionals E-Book

Colin Rees

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Rapid
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 218

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Rapid Research Methods for Nurses, Midwives and Health Professionals is designed to help you find and understand the meaning of key research terminology and, more importantly, develop your knowledge of some of the essential ideas and concepts they describe. This A-Z dictionary of terms is a collection of over 200 entries with a definition of each word put in context with additional tips on its use in assignment work. Alphabetically arranged in an accessible, reader-friendly format, this book:

• Answers a clear demand for a practical, fast and concise introduction to the key ideas, concepts and methods in nursing and healthcare research
• Provides students with fast and accessible information designed for revision and writing research-based assignments
• Demystifies a field of study that students often find daunting

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Dedication

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction

Aim

The structure

Using this book

A

Abstract

Accidental sampling (See: Convenience sampling, sampling methods)

Action research

Aim (also called objective or purpose)

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)

Anonymity

Audit

Audit trail

B

Back chaining

Bar graph

Before and after designs (pretest–posttest designs)

Beneficence

Bias

Blinding

Bracketing

C

Case–control study

Causal relationship

Cell

Chi-square test (

χ

2

)

Clinical trial (See: Randomised controlled trial)

Closed (close-ended, fixed choice) questions

Cluster sample

Coding

Cohort study

Concept definition

Confidentiality

Confirmability

Confounding variable

Contingency table (See: Table)

Control group

Convenience sample (also called an accidental or opportunity sample)

Correlation

Covert observation

Credibility

Cross-over design

Cross-sectional study

Critique (critique frameworks)

D

Data

Database

Data saturation

Demographic data

Dependent variable

Descriptive statistics

Double-blind study

E

Ethics

Ethics committee

Ethnographic research

Exclusion criteria

Experimental design

Ex post facto studies

F

Face validity

Fieldwork diary

Fieldwork

Findings

Fittingness (also called transferability)

Focus group

Forward chaining

Frequency distribution

G

Generalisability

Grey literature

Grounded theory

H

Hawthorne effect

Hermeneutics

Heterogeneity and homogeneity

Hierarchy of evidence

Histogram

Homogeneity (See: Heterogeneity and homogeneity)

Hypothesis

I

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inferential statistics

Independent variable

Informed consent

Interval data (See: Levels of measurement)

Interviews

Inverse relationship (also called a negative relationship)

J

Judgemental sample (See: Purposive sample)

Justice

K

Key informant

Key words

L

Levels of measurement

Likert scale

Literature review (also called Review of the literature)

M

Manipulation

Masking (See: Blinding)

Measures of central tendency

Mean (See: Measures of central tendency)

Measures of dispersion

Meta-analysis

Mode (See: Measures of central tendency)

Median (See: Measures of central tendency)

N

Naturalistic research (See: Qualitative research design)

Non-maleficence

Nominal data (See: Levels of measurement)

Non-probability sampling methods

Normal distribution

Null hypothesis (See: Hypothesis testing)

O

Observation

Observational designs

Open questions

Operational definition

Opportunity sample (See: Convenience sample)

Outliers

Ordinal data (See: Levels of measurement)

P

p

Values

Paradigm

Phenomenology

PICO (See: Key words)

Pilot study

Population

Power analysis

Pretest–posttest designs (See: Before and after designs)

Principles of research

Probability sampling methods (See: Sampling methods, non-probability sampling)

Prospective and retrospective study designs

Q

Qualitative research designs (also called Naturalistic research)

Quantitative research designs

Quasi-experimental research

Questionnaires

Quota sampling (See: Sampling methods)

R

Randomisation (also called random allocation)

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (See: Experimental design)

Range (See: Descriptive statistics)

Ratio data (See: Levels of measurement)

Reflexivity (See: Fieldwork diary)

Reliability

Research

Research design

Research method

Response rate (See: Questionnaires)

Retrospective study (See: Prospective study, case–control study, ex post facto study)

Review of the literature (See: Literature review)

Rigour

S

Sample (See: Sampling methods)

Sampling methods (also called sampling plan or sampling strategy)

Sampling frame (See: Sampling methods, cluster sample)

Self-report (See: Interviews)

Snowball sample (See: Sampling methods, qualitative research)

Social desirability (See: Interviews)

Statistical analysis (See: Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics)

Survey

Systematic reviews of the literature (See: Literature review)

T

Table

Thick data (See: Credibility and fieldwork)

Transferability (See: Fittingness)

Triangulation (See: Confirmability and qualitative research designs)

Trustworthiness (See: Credibility)

Type I, Type II, Type III errors

U

Unstructured interviews

Unstructured observations

V

Validity

Variable

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Table of Contents

Introduction

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

B

Figure 1 Bar chart showing number of staff in each category of employment in four clinical areas.

H

Figure 2 Number of hours of exercise per week by those who exercise weekly (

n

= 239).

L

Figure 3 Hierarchy of levels of measurement.

List of Tables

P

Table 1 Interpretation of ‘

p

values’ for experimental and correlation studies.

Q

Table 2 Comparisons between quantitative and qualitative research.

R

Table 3 Frequently used research methods within paradigms

T

Table 4 Those taking more than 30 minutes exercise a week by gender (

n

= 782).

Table 5 Common problems leading to Type I and Type II errors and possible corrective actions

‘For my wife Brenda, with thanks for her help and support’

Rapid Research Methods for Nurses, Midwives and Health Professionals

Colin Rees

Lecturer (retired) School of Health Care Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff, UK