Secrets of the Pharohs E-Book

Sherif Shaban

• Herausgeber: Kayan for Publishing
• Kategorie: Gesellschafts- und Liebesromane
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 151

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

For thousands of years and to this day, there have been numerous myths and misconceptions about ancient Egypt in the minds of many around the world. Perhaps it is because of the nature of the ancient Egyptians to keep the secrets of their civilization within the minds of their priests, like the secrets of the ancient Egyptian language and hieroglyphic writing, magical secrets, miracles of architecture, astronomy, and other knowledge that other nations could not understand, and turned into mysteries. This book comes as a serious and sincere attempt to reveal falsehoods and refute the myths surrounding ancient Egyptian civilization, which unfortunately turned into facts in mind of the public and some specialists both inside and outside Egypt. So, let me take you through an interesting journey to discover the secrets of Ancient Egypt and to reveal its mysteries and myths.

Leseprobe

Secretsof the PharaohsRevealed

Sherif Shaban

Secretsof the Pharaohs Revealed

©2023 Kayan Publishing.

This book is made in association with harmakis EDIZIONI.

The moral right of the author has been asserted

All rights reserved. Published 2023.

Printed in Egypt

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Mohamed Gameel Sabry

Neven Eltohamy

I.S.B.N : 978-977-820-131-4

GEBO Deposit Number : 20914 / 2022

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Secretsof the PharaohsRevealed

Sherif Shaban

Preface

This book is written by one of my students: sherif shaban. He witnessed all my great discoveries concerning the great pyramid, queen Hatshepsut and the golden boy, Tutankhamun.

Sherif is taking us in a journey to the most exciting secrets of the pharaohs. He wrote in this book the story of the queen Hatshepsut. I will never forget when I began to look for her missing mummy. I collected about 20 mummies of ordinary females, princesses or queens from Cairo museum and the valley of the kings that we don’t have their names and also collected all their artifacts. One of these objects was the canopic wooden box that contains the liver of the queen Hatshepsut and has her name written on the box. It was found inside the cache of the mummies at Deir El Bahri. We scanned all the mummies, then one night I asked Hisham El leithy, my assistant to bring this box. I put it under the CT scan and found near the liver a part of the stomach and one tooth. Then, we began to look at the teeth of all the mummies that we scanned and found a gap in the mummy that found in KV 60. That gap was a perfect place for this tooth.

We scanned the mummy and found that queen Hatshepsut died on the age of 55 and she was obese and suffered of diabetes and died because of cancer.

This book interesting book contains many great stories of the secrets of many famous monuments and kings of ancient Egypt. I do encourage everyone to read this book.

Zahi Hawass

Introduction

For thousands of years and to this day, there have been numerous myths and misconceptions about ancient Egypt in the minds of many around the world. Perhaps it is because of the nature of the ancient Egyptians to keep the secrets of their civilization within the minds of their priests, like the secrets of the ancient Egyptian language and hieroglyphic writing, magical secrets, medical science, miracles of engineering, architecture, astronomy, and other knowledge that other nations could not understand, and turned into mysteries. Many classical travelers and historians like Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder wrote what they saw when they came to Egypt, but did not understand ancient Egyptian culture. This was partially due to the fact their visit took place at a time when ancient Egyptian civilization was in decline, resulting in much of their writings consisting of incorrect information and mockery.

Arab and Muslim travelers during the middle Ages, due to their ignorance of the ancient Egyptian language, wrote a mythical history of ancient Egypt that depended on folktales and stories in Scripture and the Quran. For example, they thought that the hieroglyphic script consisted of mythical and magical talismans, while ancient monuments like the pyramids were Noah’s Ark, Joseph’s grain stores, or just a place to store treasures. Nowadays, even after the successful decipherment of the hieroglyphic script and the development of Egyptology, many people, and even scientists, still think that ancient Egyptian civilization was erected by magical or extraterrestrial powers, while the Giza Pyramids were built by mistreated Jews that were coerced into forced labor. Other misconceptions include the curse of the pharaohs, the mysteries of the Sphinx, and the existence of pyramids on Mars.

This book comes as a serious and sincere attempt to reveal falsehoods and refute the myths surrounding ancient Egyptian civilization, which unfortunately turned into facts in mind of the public and some specialists both inside and outside Egypt. To this end, modern scientific research methods and historical sources are used, and this book will be translated into several languages in order to introduce the true magnificence of ancient Egyptian civilization to the whole world. I would like to thank Mrs Libby Bergstorm for revising the book and my friend Mahmoud Mustafa Abo-Zaid for his help in translating this book and Shaimaa ElSayed for her efforts in designing the initial book layout.

Sherif Shaban

Chapter IKhufu and the Great Pyramid

Khufu and his age

After King Senefru died, his son Khufu assumed the throne of Egypt, in a smooth handling of power.

King Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, is considered one of the greatest kings of ancient Egypt, not because he was the builder of one of the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but because he was able to unite the ancient Egyptians in order to accomplish the noble goal of constructing that giant pyramid. The Turin Papyrus gave King Khufu a term of 23 years, and it seems that this papyrus has some errors, as some ancient historians and scholars have disagreed about the period of King Khufu’s reign. Some of them mentioned 63 years, but modern opinions indicate that King Khufu may have ruled 32 years. In the first year of his reign, the successor to King Senefru held the title Khnum Khufuy, which means “God Khnum protects me.” And soon, with his accession to the throne, Khufu added his Horus Name, which was “Medjido” among his titles. This can be translated by the title meaning “he who strikes or who attacks,” which suggests that Khufu had reached the throne planning to complete his father’s military campaigns abroad. This name was added with the Nebty “the two ladies” name of upper and lower Egypt. Khufu was also known in his early years as “Horus nb rekho,” meaning Horus, the god of Knowledge, which then bears a relationship to his being a scientist and thinker. Like his father, Khufu bore the title of Golden Horus, which was in the form of two falcons standing on the gold symbol.

Both Khufu and his cousin, the genius architect Hemiunu, succeeded in choosing Giza as the site of the new capital, as it was located in the Western Desert, which is the traditional site of the royal tomb, which was linked to the setting sun. The first steps in preparing for the move to Giza were the construction of the palace, administrative quarters, and court houses. It seems that the king, his family, and his nobles had to establish their primary residences. With the construction of the residential neighborhoods, it was planned to build the pyramid and the pyramid complex. One of Hemiunu’s titles, as his father got, was “the supervisor of all the king’s works”. So we know that he was the chief architect and responsible for all aspects of building the pyramid. The northern end of the plateau was chosen as the site for the construction of the pyramid itself, while the southern side was left for the tombs of Khufu’s successors. We can imagine Hemiunu and his team drawing designs either on papyrus or on large slabs of limestone, to show them to the king and to help them with their work. With the beginning of the pyramid bases establishment of the pyramid, a celebration known as “the pulling of the ropes” was held. This celebration spread throughout the country, including performances of music and dance, and the preparation and distribution of large quantities of food to the people. The king attended at this ceremony and was assisted by the goddess Seshat, the goddess of writing and measurement in ancient Egypt, whose title was “Our Lady of Construction”. There was another ritual that was performed in that celebration which is the sacrifice of an animal, where it was slaughtered and cut into pieces and separated into the four corners of the pyramid and then covered with pure sand. It is possible that these rituals can be traced back to a very early period.

It seems that the pyramid was built step by step to ascend slowly towards the sky. As the best way to prepare them, the core blocks are placed in place and the gaps between them were filled with filler materials (such as small stones) and then the casing stones were put in place. The casing prepared from fine white limestone was brought to Giza from Tora quarries. Gangers were gathered on the sides of the pyramid to facilitate the process of casing. It appears that only the base blocks and one side of the casing were prepared before being placed in their places, while the second side and the top were prepared in their places. A line was made at the top of the casing block to determine the point from which the external sloping façade would start, which is considered a support later when that façade is weighted in order to prepare a flat shiny white casing. As the pyramid goes up, the workers used simple diagonal lines to make sure this construction stays balanced.

The construction of the pyramid of Khufu took about 20 years, and the construction of this project did not require hard work of workers and artists only, but there was also a system for workers’ subsistence, both in terms of preparing bread, beer and dried fish, as well as pottery, wood and minerals, in addition to preparing residential villages for workers, artists and preparing employees who oversee this system.

Khufu’s family

What we know about the family and the administration of Khufu comes to us primarily through the tombs of the Giza necropolis, without any documents or information on papyrus, so we must use the scenes and words of the dead in order to try to reconfigure their lives. There are two large cemeteries that house the tombs of the Khufu family and the men of his court. In the cemetery located directly to the east of the Great Pyramid - which began to be built in the fifth year of his reign - the tombs of his wives, sons and grandchildren are located, in addition to some of the noble men of his court.

As for the cemetery to the west of the pyramid - where it was built in the 12th year of his rule - it includes the noble men of Khufu and his priests, including ministers, treasury officials and those responsible for the royal cult. Each of the cemeteries was designed in the form of rows with streets between them. These two cemeteries continued to be used until the end of the Old Kingdom. Over time, smaller cemeteries were built around the large cemeteries, and the apparent order in the planning of the two cemeteries disappeared because of the chaos that followed them, as happens to the planning of neighborhood cities. Close members of the Khufu family were buried in the eastern cemetery, which had a unified layout.

Immediately to the east of the Great Pyramid are the Queen’s Pyramids, which were planned before the change of ideology in the fifth year of Khufu’s rule, as the king declared himself as the Sun god. The secondary pyramid was moved to the far north when the mortuary temple was expanded and it seems that queen pyramid GI-a was built to bury the Queen Mother, Hetepheres. The southern pyramid GI-c appears to have been built for a queen named Henut Sen. As for the middle pyramid GI-b, there are no texts related to it, so it is necessary to search for other sources in order to speculate on the name of the owner of this pyramid.

The owner of the tomb directly east of the Great Pyramid is Prince Kawab. He was the eldest son of King Khufu from his main wife Meritites I, which made him the crown prince. He married his sister, Hetepheres II, and had a daughter, Meresankh III.

There is another son of the king was “Baufra”, the son of Queen Meritites I, who also never ascended to the throne. There is also Prince “Djedefhor”, son of Queen “Meritites I” who was known at later periods as a wise man and a scribe of many teachings, the same Prince Hordjedef, who was mentioned in the Westcar Papyrus.

There is the prince “Djedefra”, who succeeded King Khufu on the throne. He married his brother Kawab’s widow, Hetepheres II, and another queen named Khentetenka Djedefra moved north in the location of pyramids by building his (now ruined) pyramid at Abu Rawash, (some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north of Giza).

There is also Prince Khufukhaf, the son of an important queen s, although we do not know her name, also didn’t bear the title Vizier inscribed in his tomb.

There are two other princes that should be mentioned, namely: “Khafmin,” who bore the title of the king’s eldest son from his body, which is the title that only Prince Kawab previously held, and prince Nefermaat I, who was half-brother of Khufu; buried at Meidum and owner of the famous “mastaba of the geese”.

As for the daughters of Khufu, the most famous is Meresankh II, who was the daughter of the king from his wife Meritites I, and Princess Hetepheres II, who was married two times, from her brother Kawab as mentioned before, and from “Djedefra”, and was mother of Meresankh III. There is Princess “Khamerernebty I”, who was the daughter of King Khufu of an unknown queen and she married King Khafre and mother of king Menkaure.

Myths of the Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid stands to be the top of the pyramid builders’ experiences through architectural and engineering skills, despite of other pyramids. The pyramid of King Khufu was not only the greatest to be built by the Egyptians, but also characterized by a high level of mystery and many secrets lived between its stones for thousands of years. The Great Pyramid is also the only remaining of the ancient seven wonders of the world, and it really deserves to be a wonder in itself because of the complexity and uniqueness of its construction, as it is about 137 m high, which was originally 142 m and consists of half a million stone blocks weighing between half a ton And 2 tons.

The Great Pyramid remained the tallest building in the world for 3,800 years, until the top of Lincoln Cathedral in England was built at a height of 160m in 1300c. The area of the base of the Great Pyramid can accommodate the area of the English Parliament and St. Paul’s Cathedral combined, and if we dismantle the pyramid stones into small stones the size of one square foot and put them next to each other to become two-thirds of the length of the earth at the equator, or to build a wall around France at a height of 3 meters and thickness of one meter with use of the queens pyramids stones.

Hundreds of theories about the pyramid said by travelers and historians, ancient or modern have been popularized around, leaving us with many contradictory assumptions, especially pointing out the reasons for its construction, and how it was built. So they moved their imagination and set off looking for its secrets, and turned in mind those questions over hundreds of years without a logical answer.

Now it’s time to answer them.

Who built the Pyramid?

One of the myths that spreads around the world regarding the construction of the pyramid, which unfortunately is believed by many without using of scientific research or history resources, is the denial of the ancient Egyptians’ construction of this magnificent building, and attributed the Pyramid to people whose no relationship with the ancient Egyptian civilization at all.

◆ Aliens

This false hypothesis, which claims the arrival of Aliens or individuals from Atlantis, to build ancient Egyptian civilization and construct the pyramids, based on the absence of any papyrus confirming their planning and structuring. Because the weight of the stones more than a ton, it is thought that only Aliens because using their high technology, can lift those huge stones and build the pyramid. In addition to the astronomical structure of the pyramid and its correspondence with the stars of Orion or The Belt of Orion’, which form the basis of the balance the Milky Way, many believe that the aliens put the pyramids in this order, as this assumption increased after launched info by ‘Mysterious Universe’ website, where it pointed that researchers found unique stones known as ‘Hypatia’ stones near the pyramids, in which contain larger percentage of Hydrocarbons than what on earth.

Geologist Georgi Pelianin from University of Johannesburg claimed that the stones age is to the pre-solar times, which are slightly different from the composition of meteorite and planetary pebbles, increasing the claim that aliens built the pyramid.

In 2017, scientists from the ‘Scan Pyramids’ project discovered a large cavity above the Grand Gallery using ‘Muography’, which they called the “Big Void”. Its length is at least 30 metres (98 ft) nearly in a size of a plane. The purpose of the cavity is still unknown and it is not accessible, while some think it’s a place for an iron throne was made of meteorites fell from the sky, was placed in this secret giant cave in order to ascend the king to the stars, based on what is mentioned in the religious texts of the king’s journey to the northern stars in the heavenly world, but Egyptian Egyptologist Zahi Hawass believes it may have been a gap used in the construction of the Grand Gallery.

◆ Atlantis