Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy E-Book

Philipp D. Mayhew

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: AVS - Advances in Vetinary Surgery
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1336

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy provides a comprehensive reference to laparoscopy and thoracoscopy, with step-by-step guidance for surgical techniques ranging from basic to advanced. * Acts as both a quick reference to specific techniques and as a comprehensive resource to small animal laparoscopy and thoracoscopy * Guides the reader through each step of the surgical techniques * Takes a clinically oriented approach, with tips on safely and quickly performing procedures throughout * Part of the Advances in Veterinary Surgery series copublished with the American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation * Includes access to a companion website with video clips of the procedures described and the figures from the book in PowerPoint

Leseprobe

To my husband Claude for inspiration and support in every aspect of life. To my daughters Selma and Ella for providing endless joy, life balance, and perspective. To the surgical residents who make me grow as a mentor and a surgeon. And to my parents, Sivert and Anita, whose unconditional love and support formed my foundation.

— BAF

To my parents Alan and Hildegard for their unwavering support, kindness, and generosity. To my wife Kelli and my children Reece, Aidan, and Brynn for making life so rich and rewarding and full of joy and laughter.

— PDM

Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Edited by

Boel A. Fransson, DVM, PhD, DACVS

Associate Professor of Small Animal Surgery Washington State University Pullman, WA USA

Philipp D. Mayhew, BVM&S, MRCVS, DACVS

Associate Professor of Small Animal Surgery University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Davis, CA USA

This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by ACVS Foundation This Work is a co-publication between the American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation and Wiley-Blackwell

Editorial offices:1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-1-1188-4596-7/2015.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Main cover image: © 2014 KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG

CONTENTS

Contributors

Foreword

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Companion Website

History of Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy in the 19th Century

The 1930s: The Glory Days

Out in the Cold: The 1940s to the Mid 1960s

Controversy Galore: The 1970s to the 1990s

Small Animal Minimally Invasive Surgery

References

Section I: Laparoscopic Skills

Chapter 1: Surgeons’ Skills Training

Adding Minimally Invasive Surgery to the Surgical Repertoire

Basic Laparoscopic Skills

Simulation Training Models

Video Games in Laparoscopic Skills Training

The Optimal Training Program

Self-training

References

Chapter 2: Minimally Invasive Suturing Techniques

Introduction to Laparoscopic Suturing

Needle Holders for Laparoscopic Suturing

Suture Materials for Minimally Invasive Suturing

Intracorporeal Suturing Technique

Extracorporeal Suturing

Automated Suturing Devices

References

Section II: Equipment

Chapter 3: Imaging Equipment and Operating Room Setup

Imaging Equipment

Light Cables

Operating Room Setup

References

Suggested Reading

Chapter 4: Surgical Instrumentation

Chapter 4.1: Surgical Instrumentation

Instrument Design

Forceps

Scissors

Tissue Retractors

Needle Holders and Suturing Devices

Laparoscopy Packs

Chapter 4.2: Trocars and Cannulas

The Trocar, Cannula, and Sheath

Trocar–Cannula Placement

Types of Trocar Assemblies

Trocar Assembly-Related Complications

References

Chapter 4.3: Miscellaneous Surgical Instrumentation

Specimen Retrieval Bags

Suction and Irrigation Devices:

Wound Protector and Retractor Devices:

Morcellators

References

Chapter 5: Energy Devices and Stapling Equipment

Key Points

Electrosurgical Theory

Waveforms

Monopolar Electrosurgery

Bipolar Electrosurgery

Tissue Fusion Device

Ultrasonic Dissector

Clips and Staple Applicators

References

Chapter 6: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery

Development of a New Platform

Adoption into Veterinary Laparoscopy

Access Methods for Single-Port Surgery

Principles of Single-Port Surgery

Access in Single-Port Surgery

Insertion Techniques for Specifically Manufactured Single-Port Devices

Insertion Technique of Standard Trocars for Single-Port Entry

Innovative Adaptations of Existing Equipment

Instrumentation

Conclusion

References

Section III: Fundamental Techniques in Laparoscopy

Chapter 7: Anesthesia Management of Dogs and Cats for Laparoscopy

Introduction

Anesthesia Considerations Related to Disease

Anesthesia Considerations Related to Surgery

Pathophysiology of Pneumoperitoneum

Complications Associated with Pneumoperitoneum

Anesthesia Management

Summary

References

Chapter 8: Laparoscopic Access Techniques

Necessary Considerations Before Laparoscopic Access

Closed-Entry Techniques (Blind)

Open-Entry Techniques

Closed Access, Open Access, and Direct Trocar Insertion: Evidence of Efficacy

Single-Access Surgery

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9: The Laparoscopic Working Space: Pneumoperitoneum Techniques and Patient Positioning

The Pneumoperitoneum

Gasless Laparoscopy

Patient Positioning

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopy

References

Chapter 10: Laparoscopic Contraindications, Complications, and Conversion

Anatomic and Physiologic Contraindications to Laparoscopy: Relative and Definitive

Preventing and Preparing for Complications

Intraoperative Complications Associated with Laparoscopy

Conversion from Minimally Invasive Surgery to Open Surgery

Postoperative Complications

Effects on Hospital Discharge of Complications and Conversions

Conclusion

References

Section IV: Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures

Chapter 11: Diagnostic Laparoscopy of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Techniques

Complications

References

Chapter 12: Laparoscopic-Assisted Gastrotomy, Enterotomy, Enterectomy, and Anastomosis

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Techniques

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 13: Laparoscopic-Assisted Feeding Tube Placement

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Techniques

Complications

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 14: Laparoscopic and Laparoscopic-Assisted Gastropexy Techniques

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Techniques

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 15: Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Techniques

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 16: Liver Biopsy and Cholecystocentesis

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 17: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 18: Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 19: Laparoscopic Surgery of the Pancreas

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 20: Laparoscopic Renal Biopsy

Indications for Renal Biopsy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Instrument Placement

Biopsy Technique

Sample Handling and Submission

Complications Associated with Renal Biopsy

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 21: Laparoscopic Ureteronephrectomy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 22: Laparoscopic-Assisted Nephrolith Removal

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Selection

Surgical Technique

References

Chapter 23: Laparoscopic-Assisted Cystoscopy for Urolith Removal and Mass Resection

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique(s)

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

Bladder Tumor Biopsy and Polyp Resection

References

Chapter 24: Laparoscopic Ovariectomy and Ovariohysterectomy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 25: Cryptorchidectomy and Vasectomy

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Techniques

Complications and Prognosis

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 26: The Role of Laparoscopy in Cancer Staging

Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Biopsy

Lymphatic Staging

Preoperative Considerations

Patient Preparation

Surgical Technique

Complications and Challenges

Postoperative Care

References

Chapter 27: Diaphragmatic and Inguinal Herniorrhaphy

Preoperative Considerations

Surgical Technique: Diaphragmatic Herniorrhaphy

Aftercare

Preoperative Considerations for Inguinal Hernia

Surgical Technique

Prognosis: Comparative Aspects

References

Chapter 28: Advanced Surgical Platforms: NOTES and Robotic Surgery

Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)

History of NOTES

Advantages and Disadvantages of NOTES

Instrumentation

Preoperative Preparation

Anesthesia

Access

Insufflation

Exposure and Navigation

Closure

Specific Procedures

Complications of NOTES

Conclusion

Robotic Surgery

Acknowledgments

References

Section V: Fundamental Techniques in Thoracoscopy

Chapter 29: Anesthesia for Thoracoscopy

Pathophysiology of One-Lung Anesthesia

Anesthesia

One-Lung Ventilation

Pain Management

References

Chapter 30: Patient Positioning, Port Placement, and Access Techniques for Thoracoscopic Surgery

Operating Room

Patient Positioning

Thoracic Access Techniques

Thoracic Port Types, Placement, and Position

Placement of Instrument Portals

Complications of Thoracic Access

References

Chapter 31: Thoracoscopic Contraindications, Complications, and Conversion

Strategies to Avoid Complications

Complications

Postoperative Surveillance

References