Spanish for Veterinarians E-Book

Bonnie Frederick

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 163

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Spanish for Veterinarians, Second Edition, is designed to help you rapidly learn working Spanish for clinical conversations. Packed with the practical vocabulary information and conversational tools found in the first edition, the new edition now includes a new chapter on exotics and expanded information on the Spanish required for pre-consultation discussion. The pronunciation exercises, available online as audio files to help veterinary team members effectively and confidently use Spanish in their client communications, have also been revised and expanded. This new edition is a lively presentation of the Spanish that working vets increasingly need to know.

Leseprobe

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

CHAPTER 1 Getting Started

Pronunciation of Spanish

Nouns and Plurals

Articles and Plurals

Names of Animals

CHAPTER 2 The Body and How to Describe It

Adjectives

External Body Parts (Las partes corporales externas)

Internal Organs (Los órganos internos)

CHAPTER 3 Verbs: Where the Action Is

Regular Verbs

Weak-Kneed Verbs

CHAPTER 4 Irregular Verbs

Four Essential Irregular Verbs: tener, estar, ser, and ir

World’s Simplest Verb: hay

CHAPTER 5 How Long Has the Cow Had a Fever?

Duration of Time

The Present Perfect

The Verb dar

Feeding Vocabulary

CHAPTER 6 The Past and Accidents

Past Time Verbs

Accidents

CHAPTER 7 Telling People What to Do

Verbal Shorthand

Giving Commands

Giving Something to Somebody

Polite Suggestions

CHAPTER 8 Taking a Clinical History

CHAPTER 9 The Diagnostic Exam

CHAPTER 10 Cattle

Special Vocabulary

Illnesses

CHAPTER 11 Horses

Special Vocabulary

Illnesses

CHAPTER 12 Sheep and Goats

Special Vocabulary

Illnesses

CHAPTER 13 Swine

Special Vocabulary

Illnesses

CHAPTER 14 Dogs and Cats

Special Vocabulary

Illnesses

CHAPTER 15 Exotic Pets

Special Vocabulary

APPENDIX Registration Forms

Information about the Owners [Datos sobre los dueños]

Pet Information [Datos sobre la mascota]

Boarding [La pensión]

Requested Services [Servicios solicitados]

Answer Key to Exercises

Dictionary

Bonnie Frederick, PhD, is a professor of Spanish at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas. Her special area of research is women’s culture and literature in Hispanic America.

Juan Mosqueda, MVZ, PhD, is a veterinarian working at the Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria in Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. His special area of research is babesiosis.

Drs. Mosqueda and Frederick also wrote this book’s companion volume, Spanish for Animal Scientists and Food Animal Producers, published by Blackwell.

©2008 Bonnie Frederick and Juan Mosqueda All rights reserved

Blackwell Publishing Professional

2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014, USA

Orders: 1-800-862-6657

Office: 1-515-292-0140

Fax: [phone]

Web site: www.blackwellprofessional.com

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK

Tel.: [phone]

Blackwell Publishing Asia

550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia

Tel.: [phone]

Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-0687-7/2008.

First edition, 2000

Second edition, 2008

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Frederick, Bonnie.

Spanish for veterinarians / Bonnie Frederick, Juan Mosqueda. – 2nd ed.

p. cm.

ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-0687-7 (alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0-8138-0687-9 (alk. paper)

1. Spanish language–Conversation and phrase books (for medical personnel) I. Mosqueda, Juan. II. Title.

PC4120.M3F74 2008

468.3′421024636–dc22

2007049159

Preface

This book is an introduction to the Spanish specific to veterinary medicine, and is not intended to make you a fluent Spanish speaker. Instead, it is designed to prepare you for the clinical conversations between a vet and a client. After studying these chapters, you will not be able to argue politics or discuss poetry. However, you will be able to ask what the animal’s symptoms are and how long it has had the problem. Moreover, you’ll be able to understand the gist of the client’s answer. If you approach this study with that practical goal in mind, you should be able to learn a working Spanish fairly rapidly.

Because the aims of this book are so specific and practical, many elements of the Spanish language are not included. For example, you won’t find the conditional verbs here. Even though they’re lovely verbs, they aren’t essential to the vet–client interaction, which depends mainly on present-tense and past-tense verbs. The presentation of the language isn’t traditional either. The explanations are written for veterinarians, not grammarians, so you won’t find terms such as “pluperfect” here. Purists may cringe, but the goals are clarity and ease of understanding, not purity.

A note about the dictionary: It, too, is presented in a nontraditional way. Most Spanish–English dictionaries are divided into two parts, one from English to Spanish, and the other from Spanish to English. That has always seemed awkward to us, so we’ve placed all the language in one section so that you can look up words rapidly. The Spanish letters ch , ll , and rr , which are alphabetized separately in Spanish dictionaries, are not separate in this one; instead, they are included according to the English alphabet. As with the grammar, practicality is our goal, not following the customs of language professionals.

Although you should try for good pronunciation, accurate vocabulary, and clear sentences, you should also know the Great Teachers’ Secret: Comprehensible communication can be carried out in imperfect Spanish. If you slip up and say el anemia instead of la anemia , your client won’t stalk out in a huff.

Moreover, the client will get the idea that you’re talking about anemia, a subject likely to be of such interest that the el/la question is forgotten and probably not even noticed. Really rotten pronunciation does block comprehension, but mildly bad pronunciation does not. We are not encouraging you to be lazy or offhanded in your studies; we are saying that you should relax and speak up. Bad Spanish is better than no Spanish at all. Good Spanish is both useful and a pleasure.

There are many Spanish-speaking countries, each with its own variations in the language. Colombians speak slightly differently from Peruvians; Cubans speak differently from Spaniards. In your area of the United States, listen for dialectical differences in both pronunciation and vocabulary. For instance, there may be many Dominicans in your city, and their Caribbean Spanish is quite different from, say, the Andean Spanish of Bolivia. When writing this book, we tended to favor Mexican Spanish for the simple reason that there are so many people of Mexican background in the United States. However, the language presented here should be comprehensible to all Spanish speakers.

If you work more with large animals than small ones, you should obtain the companion volume to this one, Spanish for Animal Scientists and Food Animal Producers .

Meanwhile, ¡buena suerte y bienvenidos al Español para Veterinarios! (Good luck and welcome to Spanish for Veterinarians!)

Acknowledgments

The creation of the course “Spanish for Veterinarians” began as part of an effort to internationalize the curriculum at Washington State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. This effort was carried out with the generous collaboration of the USDA’s International Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, the Food and Agriculture Organization, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Mallinckrodt Veterinary, Pharmacia, and Upjohn. The many-faceted project was designed and directed by Dr. Guy Palmer and Dr. Michael Goe. The authors express their gratitude to Professors Palmer and Goe for allowing us to participate in this exciting endeavor, and we also express our thanks to the forward-thinking organizations that supported it.

The students who suffered through our first, tentative versions of the course deserve special recognition for their patience and dedication. Much of the content of this book was determined by their questions and guidance. It was a true delight to teach WSU’s fine veterinary students.

We also thank these local veterinarians who volunteered their help for the first edition: Dr. Victoria Kendall of Cedar Veterinary Hospital, Moscow, Idaho; Dr. Linda Robinette of Alpine Animal Hospital, Pullman, Washington; and Dr. David Roen of Clarkston, Washington.

For this second edition, we are grateful for the help and encouragement of: Banfield Pet Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas; Dr. Russell Johnston of Chisholm Ridge Pet Hospital, Saginaw, Texas; Dr. Steve Lozzi, Wedgwood Animal Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas; Mercedes Place Animal Hospital, Benbrook, Texas; and Dr. Craig Verwers, Ridglea West Animal Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas.

CHAPTER 1

Getting Started

Pronunciation of Spanish

English speakers can breathe a sigh of relief: Unlike English, Spanish is logical and systematic in its pronunciation. There is only one silent letter, and all the other letters have only one major pronunciation. English speakers should focus first on the vowels.

Vowels

a as in father, otter, modern

e as in able, eight, paint

i as in easy, eat, machine

o as in old, rope, oats

u as in loop, moo, dude

Now try out the following words, saying them out loud and paying great attention to the vowels (don’t worry about anything else yet):

abomaso

abdomen

epidemia

enterovirus

insecto

inseminar

ovario

oviducto

uremia

ubre

Generally speaking, the vowels are more important in the Spanish language than in the English language, so you should practice them as much as possible.

Consonants

Consonants in Spanish are similar to those in English, with these exceptions:

d is soft; it’s similar to these. When the d occurs between two vowels, it might even disappear in rapid speech; hablado can become hablao in some varieties of Spanish. Some practice words are: edad, nutrido, and ganado.h is silent. No matter how tempting it is, it is never pronounced. Some practice words are: heno, hormona, harina, and ahora.j is pronounced like the English happy. Some practice words are: jinete, conejo, and paja.ll is pronounced like the English yahoo. But in some dialects, such as those in Argentina, it’s pronounced like jello. Some practice words are: caballo, llano, and gallina.ñ is pronounced like the English canyon; the word in Spanish is cañón. Some practice words are: año, ordeño, and rapiña.qu is pronounced like the English kick, not quick; it doesn’t have the w sound as in English. Some practice words are: que, equino, and quiste.r inside a word has a little flip of the tongue as in the English words batter, bitter, or butter. Practice these words first to loosen up your tongue. Some practice words are: toro, terapia, and ubre.To pronounce rr or r at the beginning of a word, you must first practice purring like a cat or making a sound like a car revving up. The sound should be in your tongue (flapping like a flag in the wind) and not in your throat (no hacking please). As before, you should loosen your tongue. Some practice words are: perro, rabia, rumiante, and forraje. NOTE: The tongue muscles you use to make this revving sound are not commonly used in English, so yours are probably not accustomed to making this sound. If you notice that the sides of your tongue are a little sore, that means you’re practicing this sound properly, and those muscles are getting stronger.υ is pronounced like the English bed. A common spelling mistake among native Spanish speakers is to substitute b for v and vice versa. Some practice words are: vaca, virus, and veterinario.x is usually pronounced as it is in English; here is x in its usual ks form: toxina, examen, sexo, and ixodicida. But in certain words taken from the indigenous groups, x is more like the Spanish j. A practice word is México.z is pronounced like s in Latin America, but it is pronounced like th by many Spaniards. Some practice words to try both ways are: pezuña, lechuza, and enzima.c and g can be hard or soft, depending on what follows. C is hard like k when it is followed by a, o, or u. Some practice words are: caballo, cola, and curar. But it is soft like s when it is followed by i or e. Some practice words are: ciencia and cebra. Similarly, g is pronounced like English gargle when it’s followed by a, o, or u. Some practice words are: ganado, gallina, and gusano. Followed by e or i, the g becomes softened and is pronounced like English hello. Some practice words are gestante, ingesta, and agitado.

Which Syllable to Stress?

In Spanish there are three rules for syllable emphasis, that is, which syllable is pronounced stronger than the other parts of the word.

1. If a word ends in a vowel, s, or n, then the stress is on the next-to-last syllable. Some examples are: sangre, cuerno, abeja, razas, crecen, and dosis.

2. If a word ends in a consonant except s or n, the stress is on the last syllable. Some examples are: tumor, morbosidad, estar, and rural.

3. If a word doesn’t follow rule 1 or rule 2, then there’s a written accent mark. Some examples are: pájaro, gládula, ácaro, trébol, and mamífero.

Nouns and Plurals

Nouns are things or objects; in English, you can spot a noun because it can have the article “the” in front of it: the house, the barn, or the doctor. In Spanish, all nouns have gender; they are either masculine or feminine.

Feminine nouns often end in a, and their version of the article “the” is la: la vaca, la oveja, la pata, la cola, and la pipa.

Masculine nouns often end in o, and their version of the article “the” is el: el caballo, el perro, el calcio, and el rebaño. There are, however, exceptions, such as la mano or la radio.

Words that end in -itis, -osis, -ción, -dad, -tad, -tud, -ie, or -umbre are usually feminine. Some examples are la mastitis,la pediculosis, la inyección, la obesidad, la dificultad, la multitud, la serie, and la certidumbre.

The Spanish language also absorbed many Greek words. In Greek, a word ending in a is masculine. Some examples are: el síntoma, el edema, el sistema, el mapa, el problema, el programa, el linfoma, el enfisema, and el tema. Notice that most, though not all, of these words end in -ema.

Beyond these guidelines, you simply have to learn the gender of the noun when you learn the noun. As you study vocabulary, always learn the word with its article el or la. Notice, for example, that the following words both end in e, but they differ in gender: la sangre and el forraje.

When it comes to people and animals, there often are pairs of words showing the actual gender of the person or animal.

la especialista, el especialista; la veterinaria, el veterinario; la dueña, el dueño;

la gata, el gato; la coneja, el conejo; la perra, el perro

Articles and Plurals

As was previously discussed, the definite article “the” in English is equivalent to la or el in Spanish. The indefinite article “a” or “an” in English is equivalent to una (feminine) or un (masculine) in Spanish:

la pluma(the feather)una pluma(a feather)el gusano(the worm)un gusano(a worm)

If the word ends in a vowel, just add s to make the nouns and articles plural because both have to match in both gender and number:

las plumas(the feathers)unas plumas(some feathers)los gusanos(the worms)unos gusanos(some worms)

If the word ends in a consonant, add es to make the noun and article plural:

el tumor(the tumor)los tumores(the tumors)la edad(the age)las edades(the ages)

Names of Animals

EXERCISE 1-1

Practice saying the following vocabulary out loud. To hear these as pronounced by native speakers, go to www.span.tcu.edu/vet_spanish. You can download the pronunciation exercises, so that you can practice speaking Spanish. Also, if you have Spanish-speaking friends or clients, there’s nothing like practicing with a real live human being.

Los animales domésticos (Domestic animals).

EXERCISE 1-2

Now write the plural form of each vocabulary word from Exercise 1-1. For example: el toro, los toros; la vaca, las vacas, and so on. As you write out the word, say it out loud. When you’re done, check your answers against the Answer Key at the end of the book.

EXERCISE 1-3

Write each vocabulary word using the indefinite article instead of the definite one. For example: el toro, un toro.

EXERCISE 1-4

Pronounce the following vocabulary words out loud, then practice them again with the help of www.span.tcu.edu/vet_spanish.

Some Wild Animals (Algunos animales salvajes)

Antelope(el antípole)Bear(el oso)Camel(el camello)Crocodile(el cocodrilo)Deer(el venado, el ciervo)Elephant(el elefante)Fish(el pez)Fox(el zorro)Giraffe(la jirafa)Hippopotamus(el hipopótamo)Lion(el león)Llama(la llama)Monkey(el mono)Ostrich(el avestruz)Rhinoceros(el rinoceronte)Shark(el tiburón)Snake(la serpiente, la culebra)Tiger(el tigre)Whale(la ballena)Zebra(la cebra)

EXERCISE 1-5

Now write the plurals of the vocabulary in Exercise 1-4. Be sure to say the words out loud as you write them. For example: el oso, los osos.

EXERCISE 1-6

Write each vocabulary word in Exercise 1-4 with the indefinite article instead of the definite one. For example: el oso, un oso.

EXERCISE 1-7

These words may look like English words, but they’re not. Pronounce them as best as you can using the rules provided in this chapter.

rancho

elefante

teléfono

animal

cliente

medicina

vitamina

biología

análisis

diarrea

virus

pie

mastitis

pus

natural

color

tumor

dieta

CULTURAL NOTE

Surnames

Names in Hispanic societies include both the patronymic (the father’s last name) and the matronymic (the mother’s last name). Here’s an example: Juan González Aranda. González is Juan’s father’s last name, and Aranda is his mother’s maiden name. Juan can sign his name either Juan González Aranda or simply Juan González. Let’s imagine that Juan marries María Hernández Luna. Their adorable daughter Elena takes both parents’ patronymic names, so she is Elena González Hernández. She can sign her name Elena González Hernández or simply Elena González.

A married woman can, if she wants, add her husband’s name by putting de with his last name after her own. For example, María could be María Hernández Luna de González. Or she can remain María Hernández Luna. Or she can be María Hernández de González. But she is n’t María González unless she moves to the United States.

If you have Spanish-language check-in forms, you can show respect for this naming system by leaving space for apellido (s) (last name[s]). If your client fills in the blank with, say, García Rodríguez, the form should be filed under “G” for García. García, by the way, is the most common last name in Spanish-speaking cultures; it is like Smith in English-speaking ones. One way to get an idea of the size of the Hispanic community in your town is to count the number of Garcías in the phone book.

CHAPTER 2

The Body and How to Describe It

Adjectives