Successful Accreditation in Echocardiography E-Book

Sanjay Banypersad

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 177

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Sitting an accreditation examination is a daunting prospect for many trainee echocardiographers. And with an increasing drive for the accreditation of echocardiography laboratories and individual echocardiographers, there is a need for an all-encompassing revision aid for those seeking accreditation. The editors of this unique book have produced the only echocardiography revision aid based on the syllabus and format of the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) national echocardiography accreditation examination and similar examinations administered across Europe. Written by BSE accredited members, fully endorsed by the BSE, and with a foreword by BSE past-president, DR. Simon Ray, this indispensable guide provides a valuable insight into how echocardiography accreditation exams are structured. Crucially, to support students with the more challenging video section of the exam, a companion website provides video cases, and with clear and concisely-structured explanations to all questions, this is an essential tool for anyone preparing to sit an echocardiography examination.

Leseprobe

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

1 Basic Physics and Anatomy

2 The Aortic Valve

3 Left Ventricular Assessment

4 The Mitral Valve

5 Right Ventricular Assessment

6 Prosthetic Valves and Endocarditis

7 Pericardial Disease and Cardiac Masses

8 Adult Congenital Heart Disease

9 Video Questions

Index

COMPANION WEBSITE

This book is accompanied by a companion website:

                www.accreditationechocardiography.com

The website includes:

89 interactive Multiple-Choice Questions 193 Videoclips

This edition first published 2012 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Banypersad, Sanjay M.Successful accreditation in echocardiography : a self-assessment guide / Sanjay M. Banypersad, Keith Pearce.p. ; cm.Includes index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-4706-5692-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)ISBN-10: 0-470-65692-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)I. Pearce, Keith (Keith A.) II. Title.[DNLM: 1. Echocardiography–Examination Questions. WG 18.2]LC classification not assigned616.1′2307543076–dc23

2011029720

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Foreword

Echocardiography is a mainstay of cardiac diagnostics and remains by far the most commonly performed imaging examination in cardiology practice. The development of easily portable and hand held machines has enhanced its use in bedside diagnosis and emergency assessment while real time 3-D imaging, tissue Doppler and speckle tracking provide a sophisticated insight into myocardial structure and function. In tandem with the development of technology has come the recognition that echocardiography is only as good as the individual performing the examination and that the training, accreditation and continuing education of echocardiographers is essential to the effective functioning of a clinical service. Moreover there is an increasing drive for the accreditation of echocardiography laboratories and individual accreditation of echocardiographers is a central part of this process.

Sitting an accreditation examination is a daunting prospect for many trainee echocardiographers. There are numerous textbooks on echocardiography covering the range from basic to advanced imaging but few that provide specific preparation for examinations. In this book Sanjay Banypersad, Keith Pearce and their colleagues have set out to provide a revision aid based broadly on the current syllabus of the British Society for Echocardiography. Writing unambiguous multiple choice questions and selecting video cases relevant to clinical practice is far from easy and the authors and text reviewers have made strenuous efforts to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the content.

No book of this type is sufficient on its own to provide all the information required for individual accreditation but used in conjunction with one of the comprehensive echocardiography texts available it should be very useful to those preparing for examinations or simply wanting to refresh their knowledge.

Simon Ray, BSc, MD, FRCP, FACC, FESCConsultant CardiologistHonorary Professor of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals of South ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchester, UK

Preface

There has been a vast expansion in the field of cardiac imaging in recent years. Coronary CT is now part of NICE guidance for low-risk ischaemic heart disease and cardiac MRI is increasingly favoured for certain pathologies. Echocardiography remains however of paramount importance in the cardiological assessment of patients. Its fundamental advantage lies in being widely available, cost-effective and easily portable without any appreciable reduction in picture quality. This has meant not only an increase in the number of studies being performed per year, but also in the specialty of the operator performing the studies. Emergency physicians and anaesthetists are now well versed in the application of echocardiography to critically ill patients in the resuscitation department, ICU or operating theatres.

It is important therefore that adherence to a quality standard is safeguarded to ensure that the patient receives a uniformly high standard of examination. There are a number of accreditation processes worldwide and this book is designed to broadly mimic the layout of the British Society of Echocardiography Transthoracic accreditation process, which currently comprises a written MCQ paper and a video section. This book has 8 chapters derived from the current syllabus and each chapter consists of 20 MCQ style questions each with 5 ‘True/False’ stems, except the LV Assessment chapter which has 30 questions. Chapter 9 is comprised of 20 video cases each consisting of 4 or 5 questions with the option to pick one ‘best-fit’ answer from the given stems.

It is my hope that all candidates sitting a board exam or accreditation will find this book an invaluable revision aid and that those not sitting for accreditation will still nevertheless find it useful for their continued professional development.

Sanjay M. Banypersad

Acknowledgements

We would like to extend our gratitude to the following people for their time and effort spent in addition to their clinical duties, in order to peer-review all the material in this book.

Dr Simon Ray, Consultant Cardiologist, University Hospitals South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.

Dr Nik Abidin, Consultant Cardiologist, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, UK.

Miss Jane Lynch, Expert Cardiac Physiologist, University Hospitals South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.

Dr Anna Herrey, Consultant in Cardiology, The Heart Hospital, 16–18 Westmoreland Street, London, UK.

Dr Ansuman Saha, Consultant Cardiologist, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, Surrey, UK.

Dr Richard Bogle, Consultant Cardiologist, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospital NHS Trust, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, Surrey, UK.

Dr Anita MacNab, Consultant Cardiologist, University Hospitals South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.

Dr Bruce Irwin, SpR in Cardiology, University Hospitals South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.

We are also grateful to all the echocardiographers and technicians in the echocardiography department at Wythenshawe Hospital and to the University Hospitals South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust for their permission to use the images and video files.Sanjay M. Banypersad would also like to add a final vote of thanks to his parents and younger brother, Vishal, for their constant words of support and encouragement throughout.

Abbreviations

5-HT

5-Hydroxytryptamine

ACC

American College of Cardiology

ACHD

adult congenital heart disease

AHA

American Heart Association

AF

atrial fibrillation

AR

aortic regurgitation

ARVC

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

AS

aortic stenosis

ASD

atrial septal defect

AV

aortic valve

AVR

aortic valve replacement

AVSD

atrioventricular septal defects

BP

blood pressure

BSA

body surface area

BSE

British Society of Echocardiography

CAD

coronary artery disease

CRT

cardiac resynchronisation therapy

CSA

cross-sectional area

CT

computed tomography

CW

continuous wave

dB

decibel

DCM

dilated cardiomyopathy

dP

change in pressure

DSE

dobutamine stress echocardiogram

dT

change in time

dV

change in volume

ECG

electrocardiogram

E–F

not strictly an abbreviation – refers to anterior mitralleaflet movement on M-mode in the active and passivephase of transmitral flow

EF

ejection fraction

EPSS

E-point septal separation

ESC

European Society of Cardiology

HCM

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

HOCM

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

HR

heart rate

ICU

intensive care unit

IV

intravenous

IVC

inferior vena cava

IVCT

Isovolumetric contraction time

IVRT

Isovolumetric relaxation time

IVSd

interventricular septum in diastole

JVP

jugular venous pressure

LA

left atrium

LAD

left anterior descending

LBBB

left bundle branch block

LV

left ventricle

LVAD

left ventricular assist device

LVEDD

left ventricular end-diastolic dimension

LVEDP

left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

LVESD

left ventricular end-systolic dimension

LVH

left ventricular hypertrophy

LVIT

left ventricular inflow tract

LVOT

left ventricular outflow tract

MI

myocardial infarction

MS

mitral stenosis

MR

mitral regurgitation

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

MV

mitral valve

MVP

mitral valve prolapse

MVR

mitral valve replacement

NICE

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

PA

pulmonary artery

PDA

patent ductus arteriosus

PE

pulmonary embolism

PFO

patent foramen ovale

PISA

proximal isovelocity surface area

PPM

permanent pacemaker

PR

pulmonary regurgitation

PRF

pulse-resonance frequency

PS

pulmonary stenosis

PV

pulmonary valve

PW

pulsed wave

RA

right atrium

RBBB

right bundle branch block

RCA

right coronary artery

RCM

restrictive cardiomyopathy

ROA

regurgitant orifice area

RV

right ventricle

RVH

right ventricular hypertrophy

RVOT

right ventricular outflow tract

RWMA

regional wall motion abnormality

SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus

SV

stroke volume

SVC

superior vena cava

SVR

systemic vascular resistance

TAPSE

tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion

TB

tuberculosis

TOE

transoesophageal echocardiography

TR

tricuspid regurgitation

TTE

transthoracic echocardiography

TV

tricuspid valve

V

velocity

VSD

ventricular septal defect

VTI

velocity time integral