The Blotting Paper E-Book

Chandan Sukumar Sengupta

• Herausgeber: Pencil
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Seitenzahl: 127

Beschreibung

About the book:
Mind is the only place where ideals and ideals generate. Generation of such ideas and ideals directly or indirectly depend upon the knowledge base of a person. Such knowledge base again resides on the segment of skills and competences that a person duly acquired while remaining active during the period of guided learning. The kind of guided learning again depends upon the combination of masterly guides and their adherence towards any culture and tradition. The ultimate root of such culture and tradition in India is the scriptures, Vedas, Upanishads and Brahmans. Some such scriptures and epics are missing due to different reasons. Some other scriptures interpreted differently by different thinkers and in gradual succession people lost their faith on the relevance of such scriptures in moder
About the author:
Author is working in the field of Science and Technology since 1995. More than 150 different titles were published through different National as well as International Publishing houses.

Leseprobe

TheBlottingPaper

BY

ChandanSukumarSengupta

ISBN9789355591791©ChandanSukumarSengupta2021PublishedinIndia2021byPencilAbrandofOnePointSixTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.123,BuildingJ2,ShramSevaPremises,WadalaTruckTerminal,Wadala(E)Mumbai400037,Maharashtra,[e-mail]dwideNopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinorintroducedintoaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform,orbyanymeans(electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise),withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher.Anypersonwhocommitsanunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublicationcanbeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages.

DISCLAIMER:TheopinionsexpressedinthisbookarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotpurporttoreflecttheviewsofthePublisher.

Authorbiography

AuthorisworkinginthefieldofScienceandTechnologysince1995.Morethan150differenttitleswerepublishedthroughdifferentNationalaswellasInternationalPPublishinghouses.

Contents

PowerPolitics

TheOtherSideofCoin

WhatWeLearn!

AddressingAspirations

CareManagement

HumanAspirations

EverlastingResolutions

IntellectualRectification

StateofMind

ASpecialMoment

Preface

ThehistoryofAfghanistandatesbacktotheepicsandbeforethesocialisationofpeopleneartheKandaharValley.Itisalandlockedcountry.Ithad31.4millionresidentsduring2020.Thelandwasinvadedperiodically bymanyinvadorslikeAlexander,Aryans,Mughals,Turks,British,RussiansandAmericansduringlast20years.Foralongertimeduring19thCenturyitworkedasabufferstatebetweenGreatEmpiresofBritishandRussians. 

Mujahideenrebelsweresmasheddownduring1980sbyRussiansandthestategotitsidentityintheformofaSocialistRepublic.OnceagainalmostallpartsofthecountrywerecapturedbyIslamicfundamentalistsbytheendof1996.Theycameinpowerandruleadasatotalitarianregimefornearaboutfiveyears.AnothertwistinthehistoryofAfghanistancameintheformofinvationofUSledNATOforcesforsmashingdownIslamicextremists.Talibanwereremovedfromthepowerduring2001butostofthepartsofthecountryremainedintheiroperationaldominance.

CoincidingwiththereturnofUSforcesTalibantookadvantageandimpliedaholdupontheNationalSecuritysystem.Theyevencompelledthepresidentofthatcountrytoleavethecapital.

Thesedaysthecountryisexperiencinghighlevelofcorruption,malpracticesandlawlessness.Peoplesufferalotduetolackofqualityfoodandproperschooling.Womenandchildrenofthesocietyaremorevulnerable.Theirchanceofaccesstolawandjudiciaryisfeeble.OnceinoldentimestheplacewasruledefficientlybyHindurulers.During11thCenturyMahmudofGhajnidefeatedHindurulersandIslamisedmostofthepartsofAfghanistan.

Sinceoldentimestheareahadexperienceddifferentupsanddownsandneverworkedoutanyunityamongthem.Bytheendof1747AfghanistanstartedorganisingitselfundertheleadershipofAhmadShahDurrani.AfterthedeathofDurranithepartialwaknessinorganisingsecurityforceswastakenupbySikhsandBritish.Theyear1919cameinthehistoryofAfghanistanwhichbroughtcompletefreedomforthepeople.Thenationsoonindulgedinacivilwar(1928-29)bringingutterunrestfortheentireterritory.[1] Theyear1989to1992wastheaotherteureofcivilwarfollowedbyRussianinterventiontomakeitasocialistrepublic.USledNATOforcesenteredthescenarioduring2001tomakeitademocraticrepublic.

Atpresentsomeotherstatesareworkingoutacomprehensiveplantoenterthenationalpolitics.TheyarealsoinamoodtoexploreresourcesofthecountryforgrabbingitandforutilisingitbypartformakingthelifeofAfghanpeopleprosperous.

ChandanSengupta

Author

[1]Muḥammad,Fayz̤;McChesney,R.D.(1999).Kabulundersiege:FayzMuhammad'saccountofthe1929Uprising.MarkusWienerPublishers.pp.39,40.ISBN9781558761544.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4April2019.Retrieved15June2019.

Introduction

Afghanistanisbecomingawidelydiscussedissueduringthebeginningofthe21stcenturybecauseoftheinvolvementofOsamaBinLadeninorganizingaplannedattackinUSAandtheentryofUSledNATOintheAfghanarenaforsmashingextremistsdowntheframe.Itwassince2001onwardsthattheentireworldhaswitnessedtheeffortsofNATOforsocializingvarousrebelsofAfghanbase.WemovebacktolookuponthehistoricalrecordsafterwhichthegloryofAfghanpeoplewentontrailing.

IndiaisdifferentlyrelatedtothepeopleofAfghanistaninvariousways.OnceAfghanrulerSherShahinvadedIndiamainlandfordefeatingMughalsanddulyestablishedhisempireinDelhi.Hiscapabilitiesofadministrationandlandreformssystemwereproperlywelcomedbyhistorians.NotonlyhadthecaseofSherShah,otherrulersofAfghanoriginalsoinvadedtheIndiamainlandandaspiredforwinningtheconfidenceoflocalpeople.HistorychangeditscoursewhilekeepingpacewithmodernizationandAfghanslosttheirwayinthemiddleatthebeginningof20thcentury.Theyevenfailedtoexploretheplentyofresourcestheyhadintheirmines.Modernization,Industrialisation,mechanizationofservicessectorandrightsofgirlsandwomenweresomeofthefieldsremainedneglectedevenaftertheWorldWarII. 

CountriesmaintainingcrossculturalaswellastraderelationswithAfghanistanwantedtoexploredifferentpossibilitiesofexploringresourcesforthepurposeofacceleratingthepaceofdevelopment.Theonlyobstaclethathamperedtheiradvancementwasthecontinuationofconflictsamongstthedifferentsettlementsofthecountry.

Afghanistanhasbeenthehometovariouspeople.ItwasalsoaseatofseriesofmilitaryoperationsincludingthosemadebyAlexander,Aryans,Mughals,Arabs,British,RussiansandevenbyUSandNATOforces.Itremainedunconquerableandgotanickname“thegraveyardofempires.”[1]ThenameGandhara,asdepictedintheepicTheMahabharata,wastheplaceincludingpartsofSindh,PunjabandmodernAfghanistan.IthadmilitaryandpoliticalassociationswithAryansandgotanickname“theHinduShahi[2].”  Ultimatelythetimecameduringwhichthefirstnon-militaryprimeministertookthechargeofAfghanistan.[3]  

Theseriesofbattlesandotheroppressiveinvasionswentonpitchinginregularlyinthelandofprosperity.Theconflictwentonmushroomingsidebysidebecauseofinfiltrationofseveralintendersoftheopportunists.[4]ThecostofSovietinvasionwasmarkedintheformofhundredsandthousandsofkillingsanddisplacementsofsixmillionpeoplefromtheirhomes.[5]ThesituationagintosseddifferentlywhenUSArmyandalliedNATOtroopsfinalizedtoquitthelandbeforeSeptember2021.Afghanistanconflicthasraisedseveralquestionsandalsocompelledustothinkaboutthedefiniteroleoftheworldcommunitytowardsnullifyingtheconflictwithaninstantaneouseffortandcourage.Italsomotivatedusdifferentlytothinkaboutthestandofleadingnationstowardsbringingnormalcyinthestate.

Accordingtoanotherestimatenearly400,000Afghansdiedduring1990-2001tenureundervariousconflictingcircumstances.[6]After2001scenario,AfghanistanwasinvadedagaintobringTalibandownfromthepower.ThistimetheleaderintheframeofdiscussionwasUSA.TheirroleinAfghanistanwasconsideredasaback-footracewith certaininflictionsofmechanizingthewarfareofthecountry.Theyhavedecidedtoquittherunwaysonorbefore31stAugust2021atanycost.ItwasatthecostofpeopleandcurrencyofAfghanistan.Herealsoquestionarises:IsthereanythinginparticularthatforcedUSAtoquit?WhattheroleexactlyplayedbyChina,RussiaorTurkiinthisregard?Whatformatofpowerpoliticsforcedtheleadingnationstoquitthefireplace?HundredsandthousandsofthesetypesofquestionscanberaisedwithanobjectiveoftracingouttherootcauseoftheproblemwhichhasmountedontheelectronicmediainthenameofAfghanistanandTaliban.

ItisnotforthefirsttimethatAmericansworkedoutaresolutiontoquitthelandofconflictingsituation,itisalsonotforthefirsttimethatpeopleofAfghanistanleftinthemiddleatthemercyofGod.Theyhadtofighttheirownpeoplewhomaintainoptimumfaithuponarmsandwarfare.Theypeoplealsomaintainanurgetoaspireforanascenttocopeupwiththerapiddevelopmentthattheworldoutsideismovingthrough.Peopleofthatcountryalsointendtocomeupwithapeoplefriendlygovernancewhichcanaccommodateaspirationsofcommuneinabroaderspectrum. Evenaftera20longyearsofrunupthegoalwasyettobesetproperly.ItisknowntousnowthatalltherationbagsofAfghanipeoplearefilledupwithfirecrackersandguns.Theyhadonlyonetasktobeaccomplished:fightagainsteachotherandgoonpracticingarmedexercises.

ArethepeopleofAfghanistanreallyunderthetremendousthreatbecauseofthemushroomingofarmedexercisesofrebelsfromdifferentout-pocketsofthecountry?AretheyreallyunderaquestionmarkintermsoftheirchancesofbeingsmashedbytherebelsandviolenttroopsofTaliban?Willitgivebirthtopeopletopeopleconflictatlast? 

WewilltrytofindouttheissuesandconcernsrelatedtothearmedexercisesthatgotitsprominenceafterthemonthofAugust2021.Itwasreallyafactwhichdrewtheattentionoftheworldcommunityandpeopleindulgedincalculationsbyallmeanstofindouttherealreasonbehindtheutterfailureofanationalarmyinsafeguardingpeopleofacountry.Presidentofacountryquitsleavingbehindalltheotherpeopleofacountry.Againthatpersoncomesbackandseeksforgivenessforhisconduct.Itisthefactwhichraisesquestionsonthecredibilityandloyaltyofanorganizedarmytowardscateringservicestothecitizenofacountry.Entirestructureofanationalsecurityissuecameunderquestionmark.

[1]TheGraveyardofEmpiresisasobriquetassociatedwithAfghanistan.ThesobriquetoriginatesfromthehistoricaltendencythatforeignpowersoftenfailintheirinvasionsofAfghanistan.Itisunclearwhocoinedthephrase,anditshistoricalaccuracyhasbeendisputed.

[2]Wink,André(2002).Al-Hind,theMakingoftheIndo-IslamicWorld:EarlyMedievalIndiaandtheExpansionofIslam7Th-11thCenturies.BRILL.p.125.ISBN0-391-04173-8.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1December2019.Retrieved11December2019.

[3]Eur(2002).TheFarEastandAustralasia2003.PsychologyPress.p.62.ISBN978-1-85743-133-9.

[4]"Afghanistan:20yearsofbloodshed".BBC.26April1998.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17February2019.Retrieved4July2019.

[5]"RefugeeAdmissionsProgramforNearEastandSouthAsia".BureauofPopulation,Refugees,andMigration.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22January2017.Retrieved29December2013.

[6]"LifeunderTalibancutstwoways".CSM.20September2001Archived30December2013attheWaybackMachine

PowerPolitics

PolarisedPower

Countriesaroundtheworldstartedmaintainingtheirdifferenceofopinionregardingthewayrebelsmountedtosmashthenationalsecuritysystemandforcedasegmentofthecommunitytoquitinstantly.IslamicstatesmaintaineddifferenceofopinionregardingtheactsofTalibanandstarteddesignatingitasanactoffreedomfromtheforeigninvasion.CountrieslikeChinaandTurksstartedexploring  anaccommodationtogetindulgeinthereconstructionworksaftertheexitofAmerica.TheyexpressedtheireagernesstomodifythewavesofothercountryformaterialisingsupportforthenewlyformedgovernmentofAfghanistanunderthepatronageofTaliban.Russiaisalsoplayingfromthebackhandthroughdesigningacomprehensiveplanofkeepingthesegmentinthehandsofneighbouringstates.SaudifamilieswantedtomaintaintheirdifferencebecauseoftheiralliancewithUSA.Israel,themostactivestateofthatlocality,gotsomebadremarksfromTalibanandwentonfinalizingtokeepdistancefromtheturmoil.TheypeoplealsoreceivedimmediateattentionoftheirChinesecounterpartsforregularizingdevelopmentworks.

Thedualstandofsamegroupofrebelsindifferentsituation  raisesaquestionregardingtheirrealobjectivesbehindcurtailingthefreedomofPressandfreedomofwomen.Forwhatpurposetheypeoplewanttosmashthenormalprogressoftheirowncommunitysegment?Thebasicunderstandingdulyinflictedwithanobjectiveofpracticingreligiousandculturalextremismcanputtheentirecommunityintrouble.Normalgrowthoftradeandcommercewillbehalted.Theymayfailtocompetewiththemoderntradepatternoftheworld.Thepowerdulypolarizedintwodifferentsegmentshasforcedtherebelstooptfortheextremismdulyinflictedwithgenderbiasandfalsehood.

ResoluteSupportMission(January2015)launchedbyNATOwasdesignedtoequipAfghanSecurityForcesdifferentlytoequipthemforchallengestocome.ItwasthecommitmenttoaddresstheUNResolution1378[1]thatcompelledUSAtocomeforwardandextendsupportformakingAfghanpeoplefitforthemoderngovernancemechanismwhichissuitableforastateinthemoderncontext.Bytheendof2014theUNSecurityCouncilresolvedanewstandforestablishingpeaceandnormalcyinthecountry.(Resolution2189)[2]        

Seriesofdevelopmentwentonacrosstheconflictingsituationinthecountryandthedevelopmentofthemilitarycapabilitiesofthestatewasalsoonitswaythroughincorporationofmodernwarfareequipmentinthebarrackofthenationalarmedforces.Theyalsoreceivedadequatefeedbackandtrainingfromthepeacekeepersregardingtheireffortsofsafeguardingpeopleasawhole.TheyalsogotadequatetechnicalinputfromtheirUScounterpartsregardingproperandtimelyusesofmodernarm-equipment. Theyalsogotanideatotacklerebelsquiteefficiently.OntheotherhandUSledpeacekeepershadtocomeacrossaresolutionforrecognizingthepresenceofTalibanintheregularlineofnationalsecurity.[3] BytheendofApril2020allpoliticalpartiesofAfghanistanwererequestedtomoveforwardbycastingofftheirminutedifferencesfortheformationofaninclusivegovernment.Intra-AfghanpeaceeffortwasonitsnormalwayduringSeptember2020.Ultimatelythedaycame(14thApril2021)todeclareastandofthepeacekeepingforcestoquitthelandaftertransferringthepowerinthehandsofaninclusivegovernment.NATOtookanotherfourmonthstowindupcompletelyfromthelandofconflict.TheredevelopedaconcernforappealingtheNATOpartnersforreconsideringtheirstandinthecontextofthechangingscenario.TheywantedNATOandUnitedNationstore-definetheirroleinAfghanistanforprotectingnativeofthecountryandformediatingasofttransferofpower.ButthecommitmentofNATOforcetoleavethelandbeforeSeptember2021wasconfirmed.

RetentionofExtremism

ExtremismofreligiousandculturaltypehasbecomearealityofAfghanistan.Underwatercurrentofwishesandwillingnessofrebelsandoppressorsareperceivableonthesurface.TheypeoplestartedimplementingtheirtwentyyearlongplantorestorethestateofIslamicEmirateinAfghanistan.BackhistoryofTalibanmadepeopleworry