The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Volume 1 E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1864

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

The indispensable reference tool for the groundbreaking science of evolutionary psychology Why is the mind designed the way it is? How does input from the environment interact with the mind to produce behavior? These are the big, unanswered questions that the field of evolutionary psychology seeks to explore. The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is the seminal work in this vibrant, quickly-developing new discipline. In this thorough revision and expansion, luminaries in the field provide an in-depth exploration of the foundations of evolutionary psychology and explain the new empirical discoveries and theoretical developments that continue at a breathtaking pace. Evolutionary psychologists posit that the mind has a specialized and complex structure, just as the body has a specialized and complex structure. From this important theoretical concept arises the vast array of possibilities that are at the core of the field, which seeks to examine such traits as perception, language, and memory from an evolutionary perspective. This examination is intended to determine the human psychological traits that are the products of sexual and natural selection and, as such, to chart and understand human nature. * Join the discussion of the big questions addressed by the burgeoning field of evolutionary psychology * Explore the foundations of evolutionary psychology, from theory and methods to the thoughts of EP critics * Discover the psychology of human survival, mating, parenting, cooperation and conflict, culture, and more * Identify how evolutionary psychology is interwoven with other academic subjects and traditional psychological disciplines The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is the definitive guide for every psychologist and student interested in keeping abreast of new ideas in this quickly-developing field.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Contributors

Introduction: The Emergence and Maturation of Evolutionary Psychology

Part I: Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology

Chapter 1: The Theoretical Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology

The Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology: What is at Stake?

The Intellectual Origins of Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Principles of Organic Design

Computational Adaptationist Approaches to Motivation and Emotion

Emotions as a Solution to the Short-Term Problem of Mechanism Coordination

Recurrent Dimensions of Environmental and Organismic Variation Select for Parametric Coordinative Adaptations

Why Might Some Coordinative Calibrations Be Parameterized By Ontogenetic Inputs, Some By Quantitative Genetic Inheritance, and Some By Inherited Epigenetic Information?

The Future of Evolutionary Psychology and a Unified Social Science

References

Chapter 2: Life History Theory and Evolutionary Psychology

Life History Theory: An Overview

Mechanisms of Life History Allocation

Psychological Applications

References

Chapter 3: Methods of Evolutionary Sciences

Methods in Evolutionary Psychology

Theory Testing, Special Design, and Strong Research Methods

Validity Issues

Statistical Power

Levels of Analysis and Phylogenetic Approaches

Research Programs Providing Good Evidence for Psychological Adaptations

Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 4: Evolutionary Psychology and Its Critics

Invariants

Design

The EEA

Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 5: Intuitive Ontologies and Domain Specificity

Domain Specificity: Early Models and Their Limits

Intuitive Psychology: From “Theory of Mind” to Specialized Detection Systems

Living Things versus Artifacts: From Ontological Categories to Goal-Specific Systems

Domain-Specific Systems and Cultural Knowledge: Number

General Features of Intuitive Domain-Specific Inference Systems

Epilogue

References

Part II: Survival

Chapter 6: The Evolutionary Psychology of Food Intake and Choice

Introduction

The Fundamental Rich and Complex Relation between Humans and Their Food

The Future

References

Chapter 7: The Behavioral Immune System

The Behavioral Immune System Is Adapted to a Functionally Unique Fitness Problem

Its Activation Is Associated with Disgust

It Influences Responses to Things that Pose No Real Threat of Infection

Its Effects are Flexible and Context-Contingent

It has Unique Implications for Interpersonal Attraction

It has Unique Implications for Stigma and Prejudice

It has Unique Implications for Conformity and Reactions to Nonconformity

It May have Implications for Behavioral Dispositions More Broadly

It May Help to Explain Cross-Cultural Differences

It Has Both Obvious and Nonobvious Health Implications

There Is Still a lot That We do Not Know

It Is an Evolutionary Psychology Success Story

References

Chapter 8: Spatial Navigation and Landscape Preferences

Navigation

Landscape Preference

In Sum

References

Chapter 9: Adaptations to Predators and Prey

Predators and Prey as Agents of Selection

Perception

Foraging

Fear

Learning

Inference

Conclusions

References

Chapter 10: Adaptations to Dangers From Humans

Dangerous at Different Levels

How Dangerous?

Dangerous Adaptations

Coevolution of Cost Infliction and Defenses

Three Temporal Contexts of Victim Defenses

The Coevolution of Dangers From Humans and Defenses Against Them

Fitness Costs of Being Killed

Avoiding Contexts in Which Homicide Is Likely

Defending Against a Would-Be Killer

Stanching the Costs of the Homicide of Genetic Relatives

Evidence of Adaptations for Homicide and Homicide Defenses

Managing Errors to Avoid Homicide

Secrecy as a Defense Against Homicide

Killing in Self-Defense: Preemptive Homicide to Prevent Being Killed

Homicide as a By-Product of Other Evolved Mechanisms

Conclusions

References

Part III: Mating

Challenges of Mating

Adaptationism and Human Mating Psychology

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of Human Mating Strategies

Sex and Temporal Context Differences in Human Mating Strategies

Individual Differences in Human Mating Strategies

Cultural Differences in Human Mating Strategies

Conclusions: Evolution and Human Mating Strategies

References

Chapter 12: Physical Attractiveness: An Adaptationist Perspective

The Evolutionary Bases of Attraction and Attractiveness

Sources of Variation in Attractiveness Assessment

Life History Trade-Offs and Implications for Attractiveness Research

Domains of Human Social Value in Life History Perspective

Assessment of Cues to Social Value: Health, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Quality

Future Research Directions

References

Chapter 13: Contest Competition in Men

Introduction

The Intensity of Sexual Selection

Evidence of Design for Contests

Translating Dominance into Fitness

Conclusions

References

Chapter 14: Women's Sexual Interests Across the Ovulatory Cycle

A Historical Backdrop: Women's Purported Loss of Estrus

Variations in Women's Sexual Interests Across the Cycle

Why do Women's Sexual Interests Vary Across the Cycle?: Functional Explanations

Why are Women Sexually Active When Nonfertile?

Has Women's Estrous Sexuality Been Shaped by Selection on Hominins?

Women's Attractivity Across the Cycle

Sexual Swellings

Summary

References

Chapter 15: Human Sperm Competition

Sperm Competition in Nonhuman Species

Has Sperm Competition Been an Adaptive Problem for Humans?

Men's Adaptations to Sperm Competition

Women's Adaptations to Sperm Competition

Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 16: Human Sexuality and Inbreeding Avoidance

Sexual Reproduction: Laying the Groundwork for Inbreeding Avoidance

Selection Pressures Leading to the Evolution of Inbreeding Avoidance Systems

Evidence of Inbreeding Depression

Opportunity Costs: Is Inbreeding Always a Bad Strategy?

Information Processing Architecture of Inbreeding Avoidance

Third-Party Inbreeding: Adaptations and By-Products

Inbreeding Avoidance and the Incest Taboo

Looking Ahead

References

Chapter 17: Sexual Coercion

Sexual Coercion in Other Species

Sexual Coercion in Humans

Adaptation, By-Products, or Noise

The Adaptation Hypothesis

Sexual Arousal to Force

Proposed Evolved Function of Sexual Arousal to Force

Convicted Rapists as Generalists and Difficulties in Making Proper Group Comparisons

Specialization and Coercive Potential

Female Counteradaptations to the Risk of Rape

Conclusions

References

Chapter 18: Love and Commitment in Romantic Relationships

A Social Psychological Perspective on Love and Relationship Growth

An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective on the Etiology and Functions of Love

Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Part IV: Parenting and Kinship

Chapter 19: Kin Selection

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Kin Selection

Emotions Underlying Kin Altruism

Willingness to Help

Sex Differences in Nepotism

Behavioral and Ethnographic Approaches to Kin Selection

Summary, Trends, and Conclusions

References

Chapter 20: Evolution of Paternal Investment

Paternal Investment

Human Fatherhood

Costs to Fathers

Proximate Expression of Men's Parenting

Conclusion

References

Chapter 21: Parental Investment and Parent-Offspring Conflict

Factors Affecting the Amount of Parental Investment

Parent-Offspring Conflict

Sibling Relations

Conclusions

References

Chapter 22: The Evolutionary Ecology of the Family

Introduction

The Coevolution of Human Life History with Social Organization

The Coevolution of Kinship, Marriage, and Subsistence Systems

The Puzzle of Low Fertility

Conclusions

References

Chapter 23: Hunter-Gatherer Families and Parenting

Hunter-Gatherers and Evolutionary Psychology

Hunter-Gatherers of the World

The Hadza

The Challenges of Human Reproduction and Parenting

Supporting Human Reproduction and Families

Conclusion

References

Chapter 24: The Role of Hormones in the Evolution of Human Sociality

Evolution of the Human Family

The Fossil Record

Hormonal and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms

The Chemistry of Stress, Family, and the Social Mind

Conclusions

References

Author Index

Subject Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Table 14.1

Table 20.1

List of Illustrations

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 4.1

Figure 11.1

Figure 14.1

Figure 21.1

Figure 22.1

Figure 22.2

Figure 22.3

Figure 24.1

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Part 1

Chapter 1

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The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology

Second Edition

Volume 1 Foundations

Edited by

David M. Buss

Cover design: Wiley

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Handbook of evolutionary psychology (Hoboken, N.J.)

The handbook of evolutionary psychology / edited by David M. Buss. — 2nd edition.

volumes cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents: Volume 1. Foundations — volume 2. Application.

ISBN 978-1-118-75588-4 (cloth) — ISBN 978-1-118-76399-5 (set) — ISBN 978-1-118-75602-7 (pdf) — ISBN 978-1-118-75597-6 (epub)

1. Evolutionary psychology. 2. Human evolution. I. Buss, David M. II. Title.

BF698.95.H36 2016

155.7—dc23

2015008090

Dedication

To Charles Darwin

Foreword

Steven Pinker

For many years after I decided to become a psychologist I was seriously frustrated by my chosen field, and fantasized about a day when it would satisfy the curiosity that first led me to devote my professional life to studying the mind. As with many psychology students, the frustration began with my first class, in which the instructor performed the ritual that begins every Introduction to Psychology course: disabusing students of the expectation that they would learn about any of the topics that attracted them to the subject. Forget about love and hate, and family dynamics, and jokes and their relation to the unconscious, they said. Psychology was a rigorous science that investigated quantifiable laboratory phenomena; it had nothing to do with self-absorption on an analyst's couch or the prurient topics of daytime talk shows. Accordingly, the course confined itself to “perception,” which meant psychophysics, and “learning,” which meant rats, and “the brain,” which meant neurons, and “memory,” which meant nonsense syllables, and “intelligence,” which meant IQ tests, and “personality,” which meant personality tests.

When I proceeded to advanced courses, they only deepened the disappointment, by revealing that the psychology canon was a laundry list of unrelated phenomena. The course on perception began with Weber's law and Fechner's law and proceeded to an assortment of illusions and aftereffects familiar to readers of cereal boxes. There was no there there—no conception of what perception is or of what it is for. Cognitive psychology, too, consisted of laboratory curiosities analyzed in terms of dichotomies like serial/parallel, discrete/analog, and top-down/bottom-up (inspiring Alan Newell's famous jeremiad “You can't play twenty questions with nature and win”). To this day, social psychology is driven not by systematic questions about the nature of sociality in the human animal but by a collection of situations in which people behave in strange ways.