The Handbook of Midwifery Research E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
An accessible introduction to the spectrum of research in maternity care
The Handbook of Midwifery Research, Second Edition, enables midwives and student midwives to search and make sense of research evidence, write research proposals, and undertake and disseminate research studies. Written in a concise and accessible style, this book includes useful tools and techniques to keep readers up to date with the best available evidence to apply to their own clinical practice. This second edition has been extensively revised to reflect current midwifery research and involves a range of study designs. The book is divided into three parts: understanding research, undertaking research, and publishing research.
The Handbook of Midwifery Research includes information on:
- Different types of reviews and steps to assess them when little information is published on a topic
- How to use a search strategy and search terms, including the PRISMA guidelines and flowcharts to show search stages systematically
- Critical analysis of reported research, and integrating results and findings
- Quantitative and qualitative data collection methodologies, and mixed methods with specifics on convergent, sequential explanatory, exploratory, and hybrid study designs
- The history and role of ethics in healthcare, midwifery, and research governance
- The importance of the links between research, education, policies, and clinical practice
With case studies, learning objectives, and clear examples throughout, The Handbook of Midwifery Research is an essential learning resource for any midwife or student wanting to approach research with confidence.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the editor
Notes on contributors
Foreword
Preface and acknowledgements
Part 1 Understanding research
Part 2 How to undertake research
Part 3 Disseminating and publishing research
Acknowledgements
I: Understanding research
1 Introduction to midwifery research
Introducing research
Types of research knowledge
Audit and research
Introducing qualitative research
Introducing quantitative research
The importance of evidence‐based practice
Summary
References
2 Finding the evidence
Introduction
Literature searching
Literature review
Sources of evidence
Using a search strategy
Types of literature review: an overview
Artificial intelligence and literature searching
Reminder! Understand your topic of interest
Summary
References
3 Making sense of the evidence
Introduction to critiquing research evidence
Critical appraisal
Critiquing qualitative research
Critiquing quantitative research
Critiquing mixed methods research
Differences between critiques of quantitative and qualitative research
Critiquing guidelines
Conclusion
Useful resources
References
II: How to undertake research
4 Data collection techniques
Introduction to data collection
Data collection techniques
Qualitative data collection techniques
Undertaking a research interview
Quantitative data collection techniques
Questionnaires
Summary
References
5 Mixed methods research
Introduction
Introduction to mixed methods research design
Background
Definitions
Rationale for choosing mixed methods design
What mixed methods is and what it is not
Multi‐method or multiple methods approach
Key principles of mixed methods design
Importance of data integration in mixed methods design
Special considerations
Summary
References
6 Ethics and research governance
Introduction
Ethics and research
History of ethics in human research
Fundamental principles of research ethics
Planning ethical health research
Informed consent
Ethical considerations in midwifery research
Research governance
Gaining ethical approval
Summary
References
7 Data analysis
Introduction to data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
Quantitative data analysis methods
A basic understanding of statistics
Summary
References
III: Disseminating and publishing research
8 The research dissertation/thesis
Introduction
The dissertation or thesis
Service user involvement
Milestones in research degrees
Table of contents
Dissertation/thesis examination
Grading
Once you pass
Guidance on supervision
Recap on the research process
Guidance on the structure of a research proposal
Research degree – proposals
Writing skills
Writing styles
Research and tenses
Writing preparation
Writing for different audiences
Plagiarism
Summary
References
9 Disseminating and publishing research
Introduction
Getting your work published
Instructions for writing a paper
Publication bias
Impact of publications
Presenting a conference paper
Online presentations
Digital and social media in midwifery research
Research dissemination
Artificial intelligence and midwifery research
Becoming a researcher
Summary
Useful resources
References
List of figures
List of tables
List of boxes
Glossary
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1: Two possible research designs.
Table 1.2: Characteristics of the qualitative approach.
Table 1.3: An example of NICE clinical guidelines – Antenatal care: routine...
Chapter 2
Table 2.1: Checklist for literature reviewing (advice and tips).
Table 2.2: Keywords used in search.
Table 2.3: Common databases and sources from peer‐reviewed and grey literat...
Table 2.4: An example of a search strategy.
Table 2.5: Population Concept Context (PCC) approach.
Table 2.6: An integrated review framework.
Chapter 3
Table 3.1: Synopsis of qualitative critical appraisal tools.
Table 3.2: Synopsis of quantitative critical appraisal tools.
Table 3.3: Questions to consider when reviewing and critiquing qualitative ...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Table 4.2: Components of trustworthiness.
Table 4.3: An example of a structured interview schedule – diet and nutriti...
Chapter 6
Table 6.1: Summary of considerations for undertaking ethical midwifery rese...
Table 6.2: UK policy framework for health and social care research.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1: Stages of qualitative analysis (thematic analysis).
Table 7.2: An example of relative risk.
Table 7.3: Test of independence. (Null) hypothesis: smoking mothers are not...
Table 7.4: Satisfaction with local analgesia.
Table 7.5: Mean (sd) REEDA score after episiotomy in three groups.
Table 7.6: Cross‐tabulation: two midwives' estimates of scar tissue.
Table 7.7: Cohen's kappa – statistical test.
Chapter 8
Table 8.1: Plan of work – undergraduate dissertation (UK and other European...
Table 8.2: Plan of work – PhD full time.
Table 8.3: An outline of the research process.
Table 8.4: The undergraduate dissertation: guidance for writing a research ...
Table 8.5: Basic time plan – template.
Table 8.6: Summary of the proposed budget for this study.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1: An example of a journal's instructions for authors –
Women and B
...
Table 9.2: An example of how to integrate mixed methods data.
Table 9.3: ICM Position Statement on the role of the midwife in research (I...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1: The research process.
Figure 1.2: Capture My Mood.
Figure 1.3: Digital version of Capture My Mood.
Figure 1.4: YourTime mobile app.
Figure 1.5: The action research process.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1: An example of a PRISMA flowchart.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1: The five steps of evidence‐based practice.
Figure 3.2: Hierarchy of scientific evidence.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1: FRED preliminary findings.
Figure 4.2: Calling all midwives: work–life balance.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1: Standard features for diagrams.
Figure 5.2: An example of a theoretical framework and details of a mixed met...
Figure 5.3: Convergent design.
Figure 5.4: Explanatory sequential design.
Figure 5.5: Exploratory sequential design.
Figure 5.6: An example of exploratory sequential mixed methods design.
Figure 5.7: Example of an intervention design.
Figure 5.8: Multiphase evaluation design.
Figure 5.9: An example of a social justice design.
Figure 5.10: Levels of integration.
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1: Example of visual analogue scale.
Figure 7.2: Example of Likert scale.
Figure 7.3: CONSORT 2010 flow diagram.
Figure 7.4: Flowchart of the progress through the phases of a randomised con...
Figure 7.5: An example of a normal distribution.
Figure 7.6: Skewed distribution.
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the editor
Notes on contributors
Foreword
Preface and acknowledgements
Begin Reading
List of figures
List of tables
List of boxes
Glossary
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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The Handbook of Midwifery Research
Second Edition
Edited by
Mary Steen, OBE, RGN, RM, BHSc, PGCRM, PGDIPClinHypn, PGDipHE, PGDipMH, MCGI, PhD
Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research (DNAMER), King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
This edition first published 2025© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition HistoryWiley‐Blackwell (1e, 2011)
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About the editor
Professor Mary Steen, OBE, RGN, RM, BHSc, PGCRM, PGDipClinHypn, PGDipHE, PGDipMH, MCGI, PhD (SoM former Supervisor of Midwives)
Professor Mary Steen is a well‐recognised international mixed methods researcher and educator. Her background is in nursing and midwifery. She has recently joined Curtin University, and the Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research DNAMER at King Edward Memorial Hospital, in Western Australia. Mary has previously been a Professor of Midwifery and Head of Research and Knowledge Exchange at Northumbria University, UK, Professor of Midwifery and Professorial Lead for Maternal and Family Health, Chair of Mothers Babies and Families Research Health, within the Academic Unit, Clinical Health Sciences at University of South Australia (UniSA) and a Professor of Midwifery at University of Chester, UK. She holds several visiting professorial positions in the UK, Czech Republic, Nigeria, Brazil and Australia. Mary has successfully obtained national and international grants. She has worked, and plans to work in the future, with collaborative partners to improve maternity care and services. Her doctoral thesis explored the care and consequences of perineal trauma after childbirth. This research involved the designing and development of a patented cooling pain relief treatment known as the ‘femé Pad®’; its effectiveness was shown in three clinical trials and it is now commercially available. Mary is interested in a wide remit of midwifery and maternal/family health issues such as raising the profile of midwifery care and research, compassionate care, maternal mental health and well‐being, disadvantaged groups, healthy diet and nutrition, antenatal and postnatal exercises, active birth and pain management options, holistic approaches to birth, perineal and urinary care, managing emotions and family relationships, parenting, involving fathers and family in maternity care, digital communication and technologies for maternity services. Her wide remit of interests has led her to undertake several service development projects and research studies such as meeting the needs of abuse women at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, Maternity Assist implemented at Liverpool Women's Hospital, UK, the impact of a bladder scanner for maternal care at Women's and Children's, Adelaide, and EatWell Assist in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. Mary has supervised several midwives, nurses, psychologists, paramedics and dentists to complete Master's and PhD studies. She has supported the development of postdoctoral studies to establish a Master of Midwifery and Child Health and a PhD midwifery doctorate programme at Port Harcourt University, Nigeria, with funding from the World Bank. Currently, she is working collaboratively with the Department of Midwifery, at Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. She is a prolific writer and has been commissioned to write policy papers in developed and developing countries, with the overall aim of improving care and services for women, babies and their families.
Mary’s exceptional contributions to midwifery, and to maternal and familial health research, were formally recognised in 2025 when she was awarded an OBE in the King’s Birthday Honours List.
Notes on contributors
Professor Sara Bayes, PhD RN RM FACMSara has been a midwife for over 20 years with professional experience in a range of settings and models of care. She has also worked in midwifery education and as a midwife researcher. She completed her PhD in 2010 and currently works as a research‐focused Professor in Midwifery at Edith Cowan University in Western Australia. At the time of writing, Sara has published over 80 research papers in high‐quality journals and has supervised 21 higher degree by research students to complete their PhD or Master's.
Dr Angela Brown, BNurs, BMid, MMid, MBA, PhDAngela is the Programme Director for the Bachelor of Midwifery at the University of South Australia. Angela is passionate about advancing women's health, cultural safety and equitable healthcare access. Her expertise spans teaching, research and leadership in midwifery, focusing on evidence‐based practice and respectful maternity care, and addressing the specific needs of diverse communities. Angela also serves as a midwifery representative on key national and state health committees, driving policy and education to improve outcomes for women and families.
Dr Kate Buchanan, RN, RM, PhDKate is an emerging leader in midwifery research. Currently holding a co‐joint position as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow and Research Consultant with a maternity health service, she is dedicated to fostering implementable research projects. With over 20 years of clinical experience as a registered midwife in tertiary, rural midwifery and homebirth support settings, Dr Buchanan has also served as a midwifery lecturer for more than 6 years. Her research focuses on midwifery ethics, perinatal mental health and the midwifery role and scope. Her research endeavours are strategically positioned at the intersection of research, practice and policy to improve women's and babies' outcomes through respectful and safe midwifery care.
Dr Kate Dawson, RM, RN, PhDKate is a senior lecturer and midwifery researcher at the Australian Catholic University. She has experience working in a wide range of midwifery models of care and has previously worked as an educator within the health service and university sector. Kate is particularly interested in the views and attitudes of midwives toward their work, the well‐being of midwives, student transition into midwifery practice and the sustainability of midwifery‐led models of care. She has experience in cross‐sectional study design and incorporates both quantitative and qualitative methodologies into her research.
Monica Diaz (PhD Candidate), CN, CM, BNur, BMid, BHlthSc (Hons)Monica is currently a midwife/nurse consultant, PhD candidate and a Winston Churchill Fellow. She has experience of developing and writing clinical guidelines to promote evidence‐based practice and undertaking research relating to perineal care education. Her PhD study's focus is on investigating and exploring women's encounters with healthcare and their experiences of female genital mutilation/cutting.
Professor Jennifer Fereday, RN, RM, DipAppSci(Nurs), BN, MEd(Mgt), PhDJenny is the Clinical Professor of Midwifery at the University of South Australia. She has previously held executive director and director level roles in nursing and midwifery spanning the areas of clinical, management, education and research in both the public and private sectors. Jenny is involved in leading and contributing to decision making for midwifery at a state and national level. Her role at UniSA includes research and teaching, primarily in the postgraduate programme. Jenny's research interests include woman‐centred care, consumer voice and experience, models of care, professional scope of practice and advanced practice roles, leadership, workforce and service development and evaluation. She is skilled in a range of qualitative methodologies and enjoys collaborative research.
Dr Julie Fleet, BAppSc (Dev Dis), Grad Cert (Rehab), BMid (Hons), PhDJulie is an experienced clinical researcher specialising in women's health and midwifery care. Her research and teaching interests include maternal and neonatal health, models of care, birth and breastfeeding, experiential learning and clinical education. Julie's passion is to ensure midwifery practice is informed by the best available evidence, and that knowledge translation enables women to make informed choices about their care options.
Professor Sadie Geraghty, RM, BSc (Hons), BA (Hons), MMid, MEdRM, PhDSadie is a midwife with a background in drug and/or alcohol use in pregnancy, midwifery workforce issues and midwifery education, and is involved in several studies and projects nationally and internationally involving midwifery‐focused topics. She enjoys supervising PhD and Master's students and has authored and co‐authored numerous publications.
Dr Mitra Javanmard, RM, BM, BHSc (Hons), PhDMitra is a senior lecturer in midwifery at Edith Cowan University. She has a special interest in internationally qualified midwives' (IQM) experience while working in other countries. Her PhD utilised mixed methods to investigate and explore IQMs' transitional experiences in Australia. She also has a research interest in infertility and IVF. She is currently leading on a systematic review to explore the influence of self‐compassion on women who are experiencing infertility.
Dr Sheena McChlery, RN, RM, GCUT, BSocSci (1st Class Hons), PhDSheena has held senior midwifery positions and gained valuable clinical nursing and midwifery expertise while working in various public and private organisations and health facilities in South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, in metropolitan and rural or remote areas. She is a midwife assessor for the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council. Currently, Sheena is the postgraduate research co‐ordinator and a senior lecturer at Notre Dame University. Her main research interest is feminist explorations of women's health.
Dr Shwikar Othman, RN, BNs (Distinction), MObGyn (Nurs), PhDShwikar is a postdoctoral senior research fellow who conducts mixed methods research and systematic reviews. Her research focuses on health education and professional development within the nursing and midwifery fields. She has been involved in studies focusing on healthy eating during pregnancy, influence of self‐compassion for midwives and parents. Currently, she is evaluating fathers' involvement and education needs.
Dr Huaqiong Zhou, RN, MCN (Paediatric), BScN, PhDHuaqiong (Jo) is a lecturer at Curtin University and also works as a children's nurse for long‐term complex surgical conditions at Perth Children's Hospital. Her research interests are healthcare service safety and quality with a particular focus on developing and validating predictive models for patients' health outcomes. Her research includes large quantitative data analytics and meta‐analysis. Huaqiong provides statistical support for postgraduate students and academics. She has published 30 peer‐reviewed journal articles and two book chapters.
Foreword
Over the last 20 years or so, there have been an increasing number of texts that support evidence‐based practice and research in the healthcare setting. These range from broadly based introductory texts to in‐depth explorations of specific methods or methodological approaches. Negotiating between all these various books and guides is not always easy. Many assume some degree of knowledge that researchers can use in deciding whether they’re going to, for example, take on a phenomenological study or a randomised controlled trial. There are fewer publications for clinical staff who come into research and evidence‐based practice relatively new, and who want to be taken step by step through the whole process, from how to judge the quality of published papers to how to frame a question, and what kind of methods might best work to answer that question. There are even fewer that are designed for midwives. This volume fills that gap.
Midwifery questions lend themselves to approaches that cover the whole range of research, from qualitative through mixed methods to randomised trials, studies of complex interventions and implementation studies. This book takes account of this wide field of methods and analyses, while also providing a very easy to read and straightforward ‘how to’ approach, addressing very basic questions (how to design and conduct an interview, for example, or what to do about ethics and governance) while also providing a comprehensive overview of the full range of research approaches that are available. In many cases the chapters are written by practising midwives who are themselves engaging in, or who have recently engaged in, research, providing a straightforward and no‐nonsense insight into what is required for those entering the field. Uniquely, the examples used throughout the text are those of midwifery research projects, providing immediacy and direct relevance for the intended readers. There are also useful hints, tips and links to relevant tools, websites and other resources at each stage of the process.
The book will be of value to all clinical midwives who are interested in evidence‐based practice and those who are embarking on a research career, from undergraduates through to Masters and PhD students.
June 2025
Professor Soo Downe, OBESchool of Community Health & MidwiferyUniversity of Central Lancashire
Preface and acknowledgements
The first edition of The Handbook of Midwifery Research, published in 2011, proved to be an excellent resource that midwives and students read when learning how to understand and then undertake research. However, it has been several years since the publication of that edition and therefore, there was a clear justification for this book to be updated. Additionally, other midwifery academics have contributed to some of the chapters of this new edition to enrich the content.
The structure of the book content is similar to the first edition, but previous chapters have been updated and new chapters introduced. More up‐to‐date information and more recent examples of different types of midwifery research have been included. This second edition is organised into three parts instead of the original two and also two new chapters are included to cover new content within research.
The book is organised into three parts:
Part 1
Understanding Research
Part 2
Undertaking Research
Part 3
Disseminating and Publishing Research
Part 1 Understanding research
Chapter 1 Introduction to midwifery research has been updated with new information and references. This first chapter sets the scene and covers an understanding of the general principles of research, the importance of the research question, the approaches and methods that can be used, the differences between these and the importance of applying evidence to midwifery practice. The importance of the links between research, education, policies/guidelines and clinical practice will be highlighted. Additional content is introduced regarding research study protocols and includes several midwifery examples that have been recently published. Mary Steen and Kate Buchanan
Chapter 2 Finding the evidence has been updated with new content and references. This chapter explains in greater detail how to undertake a literature review, the different types of reviews, scoping reviews for when little is known or published on a topic, the sources of evidence available to midwives, using a reference management resource such as Endnote, how to use a search strategy and search terms, PRISMA guidelines and flowchart to show the search stages. Systematic reviews and meta‐analysis are described and discussed in an attempt to promote a better understanding of how to undertake these aspects of research. Shwikar Othman and Mary Steen
Chapter 3 Making sense of the evidence has been updated and covers the critiquing aspects of research evidence, giving an insight into how levels of evidence are assessed and graded; the hierarchy of evidence is included. This chapter clearly explains the differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches but also how these two approaches can be used in tandem. The concept of multi‐methods and mixed methods is introduced. Sadie Geraghty and Sheena McChlery
Part 2 How to undertake research
Chapter 4 Data collection techniques covers both qualitative and quantitative methods. This chapter gives specific details on how to undertake a face‐to‐face research interview, a focus group interview and how to design a questionnaire as these are the most likely data collection tools/techniques a midwife or student will use. In addition, it covers using digital resources and the internet (designing websites specifically for midwifery research studies). Jenny Fereday and Kate Dawson
Chapter 5 Mixed methods research. This new chapter describes and discusses mixed methods and how both quantitative and qualitative methodologies can be utilised in mixed methods study designs. The convergent, sequential explanatory, exploratory and hybrid study designs are covered. Flowcharts of different mixed methods designs are included as recommended by John Creswell. The authors clarify and explain the differences between mixed and multiple methods study designs. Examples of both mixed methods and multiple studies are included. Mary Steen, Shwikar Othman and Mitra Javanmard
Chapter 6 Ethics and research governance has been updated and introduces the history and role of ethics in health and then specifically focuses on midwifery. The use of a data management plan (DMP) when undertaking research and the importance of research governance are described in greater detail. Ethical issues relating to midwifery research are considered and specific details on how to obtain ethical approval are addressed to help midwives and students achieve this successfully. New content relating to how informed consent is obtained from women is included, plus a support strategy in case any participant needs further guidance to access support services, and how clinical practice must be informed by evidence and clinical procedures must never be undertaken without consent. Monica Diaz and Mary Steen
Chapter 7 Data analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods have some updated content. A basic understanding of descriptive and inferential statistics is included to help midwives and students link the type of data collected with the appropriate statistical test required to analyse a specific type of data (so it is fit for purpose). Julie Fleet and Jo Zhou
Part 3 Disseminating and publishing research
Chapter 8 The research dissertation/thesis includes new content and references. Information relating to supervision and support is covered. Writing skills and how to structure a dissertation or thesis are described and discussed. A table of contents example for a thesis is included. New content relating to ‘prospective thesis by publications’ is introduced as this approach is becoming more popular. The examination process and guidance on how to prepare for an oral (viva voce) to defend the research are also covered. Sara Bayes and Mary Steen
Chapter 9 Disseminating and Publishing Research. The importance of dissemination and translating research evidence into clinical practice is introduced in this new final chapter. Guidelines and advice on how to get research published and present a conference paper are covered. A specific section on useful resources and the use of digital and social media platforms to disseminate research findings is included. Artificial intelligence is introduced as this is becoming more accessible and will develop further. Finally, becoming and being a researcher and the available career pathways are covered and bring the book to a close. Angela Brown and Mary Steen
Acknowledgements
The editor would like to say a special thank you to the authors who contributed to this second edition of The Handbook of Midwifery Research. She would also like to acknowledge all participants in the research studies that were used as examples as without whom it would not have been possible to demonstrate how maternity research is undertaken. Professor Mary Steen would like to thank Emily Jones, administrative Officer at Curtin University, for helping with the creation of a table of contents. She would also like to thank Tom, Christabel Daniel Raj, and Jamila Niroop from Wiley for their patience and support in getting this edition ready for publication.
