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A comprehensive work that brings together and explores state-of-the-art research on the link between stress and health outcomes. * Offers the most authoritative resource available, discussing a range of stress theories as well as theories on preventative stress management and how to enhance well-being * Timely given that stress is linked to seven of the ten leading causes of death in developed nations, yet paradoxically successful adaptation to stress can enable individuals to flourish * Contributors are an international panel of authoritative researchers and practitioners in the various specialty subjects addressed within the work

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THE HANDBOOK OF STRESS AND HEALTH

A GUIDE TO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Edited by

Cary L. Cooper and James Campbell Quick

This edition first published 2017 © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Registered OfficeJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial Offices350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of Cary L Cooper and James Campbell Quick to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for.9781118993774 (hardback)

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: ranplett/Gettyimages

CONTENTS

Notes on Contributors

Introduction

References

Part One Theories

1 Bridging the Science–Policy and Policy–Implementation Gaps: A Crucial Challenge

Famous Examples of Costly Gaps

Obstacles

What Was Known Regarding “Stress and Health” Half a Century Ago?

Prevention

Much Cry and Little Wool?

European Union Initiatives

The European Pact

Norms for Optimal Living and Working Conditions

Factors Affecting Health

Foresight Projects in the United Kingdom

Science and Government

Bridging the Gap

Time to Implement

Can Work-Related Stress Be Prevented?

Start Now

References

2 The Effort–Reward Imbalance Model

Introduction

Theory

Measurement

Empirical Evidence

Practical Implications

Concluding Remarks

Notes

References

3 Understanding Burnout: New Models

Identifying the Burnout Phenomenon

Conceptual Models

Causes and Consequences of Burnout

Conclusion

References

4 Happiness and Mental Health: A Framework of Vitamins in the Environment and Mental Processes in the Person

Conceptual Starting Points

Components of Mental Health and Happiness

Influences from the Environment

Principal Sources within the Person

Environmental and Personal Influences in Combination

Overview and Future Directions

References

5 Understanding the Connections between Positive Affect and Health

Important Issues in the Study of Affect and Health

Review of PA and Physical Health

Possible Pathways

Future Directions

Conclusion

References

Part Two Impact of Stress on Health

6 Work, Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction

Literature Review

Globalization, the Changing Nature of Work, and Work Stressors

Population Attributable Risk (PAR)

Work Stress and the Prevention of CVD

Conclusion

References

7 Stress and Cancer

Stress as a Risk Factor for Cancer

Stress as a Prognostic Factor in Cancer

Distress

Coping with the Stress of Cancer

References

8 Stress and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Introduction

Pathology: Onset and Manifestations

Etiology: Causal Factors

Discussion

References

9 The Double Burden of Work Stress and Depression: A Workplace Intervention

Introduction

Creating a New Intervention Model

Research Methods

Results

Discussion

Notes

References

10 Stress, Recovery, Sleep, and Burnout

Conceptual and Operational Definitions of Burnout

Consequences of Burnout

Antecedents of Burnout

Possible Moderators of the Stressor–Burnout Relationship

Recovery from Work Stress

Need for Recovery, Burnout and Health

Sleep and Recovery

Burnout and Impaired Sleep

Bidirectional Association between Burnout and Insomnia

Factors That Hinder or Facilitate Recovery Processes and Their Influence on Fatigue and Burnout

Implications for Interventions and Strategies for Prevention

Conclusions

References

11 Stress and Eating Disturbed Behavior

Introduction

Definition and Assessment of “Eating Disturbance”

Introduction to Stress and Eating Behavior

Assessment of the Evidence of Stress and Eating Disturbed Behavior

Summary and Conclusions

References

12 Stress and Musculoskeletal Injury

Introduction

Specific Stressors Related to Musculoskeletal Injury

Assessment of Stress in a Musculoskeletal Population

Treatment

Conclusions

References

13 Managing the Impact of Advanced Complex Illness on Family Caregiver and Professional Caregiver Stress: A Role for Palliative Care

Introduction

Palliative Medicine at LVHN

Team and Operations

Clinical Cases

Discussion

Notes

References

14 Crossover of Burnout and Engagement from Managers to Followers: The Role of Social Support

Stress, Burnout and Engagement in the Workplace

The Role of Resources: Focusing on Social Support

Social Support

Social Support: The Buffering Hypothesis

Spillover and Crossover

The Crossover Model

The Spillover–Crossover Model

Crossover of Resources

Leaders, Followers, and Social Support

Leadership Styles and Employee Well-Being

The Impact of Managers' Work–family Interface on Their Employees

Summary

References

15 Stress and Addiction

Introduction and Background

Mechanisms underlying the Stress–Addiction Relationship

Types of Stressors and Their Relationship with Addiction

Treatment and Prevention Implications

Future Research Directions

Conclusions

Notes

References

Part Three Personality, Demographics, and Stress

16 Locus of Control

Locus of Control

Job Stressor–Strain Relationships

Moderating Role of Locus of Control on the Job Stressor–Health/Illness Relationship

Conclusion and Future Directions

References

17 The Type A Behavior Pattern

The Role of Stress in the Understanding of the TABP and CHD

Assessment of the TABP: Measures and Their Relative Usefulness

Historical Research on the TABP and CHD

Research on the TABP in the Twenty-First Century

Conclusions

References

18 Emotional Intelligence, Health, and Stress

What Is Emotional Intelligence?

Does Emotional Intelligence Correlate with Health Outcomes?

Why Should Emotional Intelligence Predict Health?

Conclusions: Is Emotional Intelligence Useful to Health Psychology Practitioners?

References

19 Gender, Workplace Stress, and Coping

Introduction

Women's Workplace Stressors

Demand Appraisal and Coping

Organizational Prevention

Summary

Notes

References

20 Socioeconomic Inequities in Health: The Power of Social Relationships

Introduction

Conceptual Framework

SES and Social Relationships

SES, Social Relationships, and Health

Case example: Supervisor Support among Low-Wage Immigrant Workers

Future Directions

References

Part Four Coping with Stress

21 Lazarus and Folkman's Psychological Stress and Coping Theory

Introduction

Key Concepts of the Transactional Theory

Coping Effectiveness

Folkman's Revised Transactional Theory

Future Directions

Conclusion

References

22 Coping with Interpersonal Mistreatment: Not a Case of “Either Or,” but Rather “It Depends”

Macrostructure: Affective Events Theory

Microstructure: The Transactional Theory of Psychological Stress

Precipitators of Mistreatment

Primary and Secondary Appraisal

Boundary Conditions

Implications

References

23 Creating Well-Being among Older People: An Eastern Perspective

Conceptualizing Well-Being in Older Age: Positive Aging Revisited

Creating Well-Being: Leisure Participation as a Means to Positive Aging

Conclusion

Notes

References

24 Optimism, Coping, and Well-Being

Background

Optimism and Subjective Well-Being

Optimism and Coping

Health Promoting and Damaging Behaviors

Optimism and Physical Health

Optimism and Resources

Does Optimism Have a Downside?

Concluding Comment

References

25 Seligman's Positive Psychology: Past, Present and Future Connections with Organizational Research

The Three Pillars of Positive Psychology

The Basis for a Positive Psychology in Organizational Research

Positive Psychology Meets Positive Organizational Research: Pillar I

“Broaden-and-Build” Meets “The Happy-Productive Worker Thesis”

Positive Psychology Meets Positive Organizational Research: Pillar II

Positive Psychology Meets Positive Organizational Research: Pillar III

Concluding Thoughts

References

26 Demand, Resources, and Their Relationship with Coping: Developments, Issues, and Future Directions

Introduction

Work Stress Theories

Lazarus and the Transactional Theory of Stress

Conservation of Resources Theory

Job Demands, Control (and Support) Model

Coping through Enacting Control and Support

Coping and the Learning Hypothesis

Job Demands–Resources Model

Demands–Resources Appraisal and Coping

Demands–Resources and Future Directions

Conclusions

References

27 Conservation of Resources Theory: Resource Caravans and Passageways in Health Contexts

Resources

Resource Caravans

COR Theory Principles and Corollaries

Research Findings on COR Theory and Health

Implications

Conclusions

References

Part Five Enhancing Individual Well-Being

28 Enhancing Mental Well-Being

Sleep

Diet

Water

Exercise

Feedback Loops

Mindfulness

Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Mental Well-Being

Forgiveness

Gratitude

Nature

The Future of Mental Well-Being

References

29 Cancer Survivorship, Cancer-Related PTSD, and Positive Change A Narrative Overview

Introduction

Cancer, Cancer-Related PTSD, Post Traumatic Growth and Positive Change

Cancer and Cancer-related PTSD

Cancer-Related PTSD and Positive Change: The Silver Lining?

Significance of Positive Change

Psychological Interventions: Cognitive Behavioral Change

Psychophysiological Mechanisms

Conclusion

References

30 Sleep, Work, and Well-Being

Introduction

Work Affecting Sleep

Sleep Affecting Work

Practical Implications

Conclusion

Notes

References

31 Sleep, Cognitive and Mood Symptoms in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Examining the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis

Brain–Gut Axis

Stress and the HPA Axis

Sleep Symptoms

Neurocognitive Functioning

Depression

Treatment

Conclusions

Notes

References

32 Funny or Funnier? A Review of the Benefits (and Detriments) of Humor in the Workplace

Defining Humor

Benefits of Humor in the Workplace: Individual Level

Benefits of Humor in the Workplace: Group Level

The Dark Side of Humor

Future Directions

Conclusion

Notes

References

33 Building Positive Psychological Resources The Effects of Mindfulness, Work Breaks, and Positive Reflection

Mindfulness

Work Breaks

Reflecting on Positive Events

Conclusion

References

Part Six Enhancing Organizational and Community Well-Being

34 Well-Being in Neighborhoods Current Research and Future Practice

Introduction

Defining Terms

The Framework for Categorizing Relationships between Neighborhood Characteristics and Well-Being

Current Research

Future Interventions for the Near and Long Term, because Infrastructure Needs Long-Term Planning

Approaches to Thinking about the Future: Foresight

References

35 Creating Workplace Well-Being Time for Practical Wisdom

Key Issues

The Evidence

How to Create Well-being at Work: An Integration

Next Steps for Practitioners, Researchers, and Worksite Leaders

References

36 Well-Being and Aesthetics A Social Perspective on the Aged Body in Modern Dance

Background

The Dance Project

Discussion

References

37 Social Class, Health, Stress, and Heart Disease Applying a Prevention Model

Introduction

Social Class

Stress: Causes, Process, and Consequences

Preventive Stress Management

TM

: A Prevention Model

From a Prevention Model to an Intervention Plan

Conclusion

References

Author Index

Subject Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

Chapter 15

Table 15.1

Chapter 16

Table 16.1

Table 16.2

Chapter 19

Table 19.1

Chapter 36

Table 36.1

Table 36.2

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1

The model of effort–reward imbalance at work.

Figure 2.2

Cumulative hazard curves of disability pension due to depression by quartile of work unit-level effort–reward imbalance.

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1

The vitamin analogy: proposed “additional decrement” (AD) and “constant effect” (CE) relationships between environmental features and context-free happiness

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1

Work, psychosocial stressors, and CVD.

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1

High strain job as an intervention effect modifier of Work-Focused Intervention (WFI) and usual care (UC).

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1

Screening and selection of included studies in stress and eating disturbance review.

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1

Characteristics of stressful experiences (derived from Keyes et al., 2011).

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1

Transactional model of stress (based on Lazarus and Folkman, 1984).

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1

Conceptual framework linking SES, social relationships, and health.

Chapter 22

Figure 22.1

A dual theory, process-and-variance model of interpersonal mistreatment.

Chapter 23

Figure 23.1

A theoretical organization of well-being constructs for older people and/or ideals for normal aging.

Chapter 27

Figure 27.1

Disproportionate impact of lack and loss.

Figure 27.2

Loss spirals in resource-poor and resource-rich environments.

Chapter 31

Figure 31.1

Etiology of ME/CFS.

Figure 31.2

Pathways of communication in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and dysregulation observed in ME/CFS.

Chapter 32

Figure 32.1

Categorization of humor-based nature and context.

Figure 32.2

Holistic theoretical model on the role of humor in the workplace.

Chapter 33

Figure 33.1

Antecedents and consequences of positive psychological resources.

Chapter 35

Figure 35.1

Framework for understanding the impact and wise use of evidence on well-being designs.

Figure 35.2

Organizing factors that predict well-being: a suggested framework.

Figure 35.3

Well-being levers and five steps used when applying managerial wisdom.

Chapter 37

Figure 37.1

The preventive stress management model (from J. C. Quick et al., 2013, p. 24; reprinted with permission from the American Psychological Association).

Figure 37.2

Preventive stress model intervention techniques.

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Notes on Contributors

David A. Adler

 is a Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Senior Psychiatrist at Tufts Medical Center, and a mental health services researcher with a national reputation in depression research. As an integral member of the Program on Health, Work and Productivity, he has been involved in the design and implementation of many research projects across a broad array of psychiatric disorders conducted in both primary care and workplace settings.

Neal M. Ashkanasy

 is Professor of Management in the UQ Business School, University of Queensland. He studies emotion in organizations, leadership, culture, and ethical behavior. He has published in journals such as the

Academy of Management Journal and Review

and the

Journal of Applied Psychology

. He served as editor-in-chief of the

Journal of Organizational Behavior

, associate editor for the

Academy of Management Review

, and is currently series editor for

Research on Emotion in Organizations

.

Francisca Azocar

 is Vice President of Research and Evaluation of Behavioral Health Sciences at Optum Behavioral. Dr. Azocar has been at Optum for 17 years where she has created numerous research partnerships between academia, employers, and health plans. She has extensive experience conducting intervention research on workplace depression interventions, telephonic outreach and care management, patient-reported outcomes, dissemination of practice guidelines, and the impact of clinical interventions on utilization and costs.

Michelle Ball

 is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Victoria University, Melbourne. She completed training in clinical neuropsychology concurrent with her PhD, which investigated cognitive processing during sleep as applied to waking people up to their smoke alarm. She is currently the leader of a team at Victoria University that is studying the bidirectional influences of the brain–gut connection in people with a range of disorders, including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In keeping with her training in neuropsychology, she is particularly interested in exploring gut dysbiosis and cognitive symptoms.

Julian Barling

 holds the Borden Chair of Leadership at the Queen's School of Business, Kingston, Ontario, and is author of

The Science of Leadership: Lessons from Research for Organizational Leaders

(2014). His research focuses on the effects of leaders’ psychological well-being on the quality of their leadership behaviors, and the development of leadership behaviors. He is coeditor (with Christopher Barnes, Erica Carleton, and David Wagner) of

Work and Sleep: Research Insights for the Workplace

(2016).

Derrick A. Bennett

 obtained a PhD from the University of Manchester on the subject of psychosocial factors and eating disturbance in 1998. He joined the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, in 2004. Since then his main area of research has concentrated on the generation of reliable evidence from large-scale observational epidemiology and randomized trials of chronic disease.

Joel B. Bennett

 is President of Organizational Wellness and Learning Systems (OWLS), a consulting firm that specializes in evidence-based wellness and e-learning technologies to catalyze organizational health. Dr. Bennett first delivered stress management programming in 1985 and OWLS programs have since reached an estimated 50,000 workers across the United States and internationally. He is author of over 30 peer-reviewed articles and chapters and five books, including the most recent

Well-Being Champions: A Competency-Based Guidebook

. Dr. Bennett is on the board of directors for the National Wellness Institute.

Pernille E. Bidstrup

 has an MA in psychology and PhD in health science. She is a senior researcher and head of the research group Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Cancer Survivorship at the Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center. Her research focuses primarily on psychological, physical, and health behavior aspects in cancer patients and their relatives. She has published 40 original papers in international peer-reviewed journals and contributed to three book chapters.

Amanda Biggs

 is a Lecturer in the Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Australia. Her research interests encompass the management of psychological and physical health at work, including work engagement, stress, bullying, healthy behaviours, and positive organizational cultures.

Bridget A. Blitz

 is a social worker with Optimizing Advanced Complex Illness Support (OACIS) at Lehigh Valley Health Network, Pennsylvania. She received her Master's degree at Rutgers University Graduate School of Social Work and has 20 years of experience in social work, including hospital case management, inpatient psychiatric and substance use treatment, and outpatient community health. At OACIS, she provides assessment, resources, and psychosocial support to home-based, palliative care patients and families.

Joyce E. Bono

 is the Walter J. Matherly Professor of Management at the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business Administration. She has a PhD in Organizational Behavior (minor in Personality and Social Psychology) from the University of Iowa. Her research focuses primarily on issues related to employees’ quality of work life, including leadership, personality, work events, workplace relationships, affect, and motivation.

Christopher T. Boyko

 is a 50th Anniversary Lecturer in Design at Lancaster University, UK. His research involves human–environment interactions in the context of well-being, sustainability, and cities. He is currently leading research on the £6 million Liveable Cities project supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, examining the relationship between well-being, the built environment, and low-carbon living. This work builds on previous EPSRC projects, in which he investigated density within the planning process (Urban Futures) and mapped the urban design decision-making process (VivaCity2020).

Paula Brough

 is a Professor of Organizational Psychology in the School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia. Her research focuses on occupational stress, coping, the psychological health of high-risk workers (e.g., emergency service workers), work-life balance, and the effective measurement of psychological constructs. Professor Brough has published over 80 books, journal articles, and book chapters, and is the chief investigator on numerous national and international research grants.

Dorothy Bruck

 has particular expertise and interests in sleep/wake behaviour, mental health, chronic fatigue, arousal thresholds, and human behaviour in emergencies. Emeritus Professor Bruck has an international research reputation, with over 75 peer-reviewed full-length publications, some 800 citations and over $2 million in competitive grant income. Her research has been regularly featured in the media, including

Time Magazine

and

New Scientist

, and she is a founding Director of the Australian Sleep Health Foundation.

Donald Glenn Byrne

 is an Emeritus Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology at the Australian National University. He holds an honorary doctorate from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and serves on the boards of a number of scientific societies and centers. He has published widely on health and medical and clinical psychology.

Erica Carleton

 is an Assistant Professor at the Edwards School of Business at the University of Saskatchewan. She completed her PhD at the Smith School of Business, under the supervision of Julian Barling. Her research interests include leadership, sleep and well-being. She has received external government funding to conduct her PhD research examining sleep and its impact on leadership and well-being. Erica is also an editor of the 2016 book

Work and Sleep: Research Insights for the Workplace

.

Charles S. Carver

 is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of Miami. His work spans the areas of personality psychology, social psychology, health psychology, and more recently experimental psychopathology. He served for six years as editor of the

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

’s section on Personality Processes and Individual Differences and six years as an associate editor of

Psychological Review

.

Hong Chang

 is Statistician within the Tufts Medical Center Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies working with the Program on Health, Work and Productivity. He is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine. Dr. Chang has been a key researcher involved in the development and testing of the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) and workplace health and productivity improvement interventions.

Peter Y. Chen

 is Professor of Psychology and a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. He serves as editor of the

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

and associate editor of the

Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance

. Professor Chen was ranked twenty-ninth (2000–2004) based on Institute for Scientific Information citation impact in 30 management journals. He has written over 90 journal articles and book chapters.

Shoshi Chen

 received her PhD in Organizational Behavior from the Faculty of Management at Tel Aviv University, Israel. Her primary research interests are work and stress, preventive stress management, and training and learning in organizations. She is an organizational consultant and over the years has advised a number of large organizations on topics such as learning processes (both at the individual and the organizational level), training, job analysis, leaders and mangers training, mentoring, and team development.

Faye K. Cocchiara

 has a Ph.D. in organizational behavior and human resource management from the University of Texas at Arlington. She is a former Human Resource manager, responsible for diversity management programs, including designing and implementing corporate diversity training. Cocchiara's research interests focus on performance stereotypes, fairness in employment selection, and gender-related stress antecedents and effects. Her work appears in the

International Handbook of Work and Health Psychology

(3rd edition, 2009), in

Improving Employee Health and Well Being

(2014), and among a number of other management-related journals.

Cary L. Cooper, KBE,

 is 50th Anniversary Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health at Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, UK. He is also the President of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, President of the British Academy of Management, and President of RELATE (the national relationship charity). He is the author or editor of over 150 books and over 350 scholarly articles, and a regular contributor to UK radio and TV. He was knighted by the Queen in 2014 for his contribution to the social sciences.

Rachel Cooper

 is Distinguished Professor of Design Management and Policy at Lancaster University where she is Director of ImaginationLancaster. Her research interests cover design management, design policy, new product development, design in the built environment, design against crime, and socially responsible design. She is currently coinvestigator of Liveable Cities, an ambitious, five-year program of research to develop a method of designing and engineering low-carbon, resource-secure, well-being-prioritized UK cities.

Tom Cox

 holds the Chair in Occupational Health Psychology and Management at Birkbeck, University of London, where he is Director of the Centre for Sustainable Working Life. He also holds an Honorary Chair in Psychosocial Oncology at the University of Aberdeen. His interests focus on the interplay of three areas: organizational psychology, occupational health and safety, and cancer survivorship and work engagement.

Marie P. Cross

 is a graduate student in Health Psychology at the University of California, Irvine. She is broadly interested in the connections between positive emotions and physical health. Her current research focuses on the associations between positive facial expressions and various indicators of physical health, including heart rate variability and self-reported health.

Susanne O. Dalton

 is currently working as Senior Researcher in Survivorship Unit, in the Danish Cancer Society Research Center. She heads the Research Group on Social Inequality in Survivorship, and conducts research that primarily focuses on social inequality in cancer and on the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences of cancer. She has published 134 peer-reviewed papers in international scientific journals and has authored a number of book chapters.

Dennis Devine

 received his PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from Michigan State University and is now an Associate Professor in I/O Psychology at Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis. His research interests include group decision-making (particularly juries) and all aspects of team effectiveness. His work has appeared in

Personnel Psychology

,

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

,

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

,

Small Group Research

, and

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

. He is also the author of a book titled

Jury Decision Making: The State of the Science

.

Philip Dewe

 is an Emeritus Professor at Birkbeck, University of London. He has written extensively on work stress and coping.

Brian Jamel Dixon

 is a Board-Certified Adult, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist who believes that reintegrating mental health into our modern lifestyle is crucial to well-being. His novel approach blending behavior modification, psychotherapy, and medication management empowers individuals to reach their full potential regardless of adversity. Exploring wellness and mental health is an exciting area for him and his private psychiatric practice based in Fort Worth, Texas. His services include public and private consultations with groups, schools, organizations, and businesses.

Marnie Dobson

 is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of California, Irvine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, and the Associate Director of the Center for Social Epidemiology. She is a medical sociologist specializing in work stress research in occupational health, particularly work organization, cardovascular disease, obesity, and mental health. She has expertise in qualitative methods and participatory action research. She is coeditor of the book

Unhealthy Work: Causes, Consequences, Cures

(2009).

Cameron D. T. Dodd

 received his Master's from the University of Texas at Arlington in Quantitative Biology in 2015. His research interests lie in the treatment and prevention of common pathogens through the isolation of active sites in organic compounds.

Alexa Doerr

 is an Assistant Professor of Human Resources Development at Towson University. She has served in consulting positions at the Society for Human Resource Management and the American Institutes for Research. Her primary research interests include occupational health and safety, personnel selection, and testing. She has published a journal article in

The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

and a book chapter in

Legal and Regulatory Issues in Human Resources Management

(2014).

Suzie Drummond

 recently completed her PhD in Organisational Psychology in the School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia. Her research focused on understanding future-oriented coping within the framework of the transactional model of stress and coping and its relationship with personality and individual and organizational well-being.

Geir Arild Espnes

 is a Professor of Health Psychology in Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He is Honorary Professor at Australian National University. He is Director of the NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research in Trondheim, has published widely, and is active as member and leader in a number of research societies.

Jane Fischer

 is a Research Fellow at the National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University, South Australia. She has been a quantitative public health researcher and educator in the substance use field for over 15 years, and was recently awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Queensland for her dissertation, by publication, on the quality of life of substance users residing in community settings.

Trevor A. Foulk

 is a PhD student at the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business Administration. He holds a BBA (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. His research focuses primarily on negative behaviors in the workplace, power and influence, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying responses to workplace events.

Robert J. Gatchel

 is the Nancy P. and John G. Penson Endowed Professor of Clinical Health Psychology at the University of Texas at Arlington. He is also the Director of the Center for Excellence for the Study of Health and Chronic Illness there, as well as Director of Biopsychosocial Research, Osteopathic Research Center, University of North Texas Health Science Center. In addition, he is a Clinical Professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.

James Gerhart,

PhD,

 is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Behavioral Sciences at Rush University Medical Center. His research focuses on the outcomes of traumatic stress and anger in the context of medical illness. In particular, he is interested in the ways that traumatic stress may manifest in impulsivity and hostility and impact medical care. He is currently evaluating programming to enhance resilience among medical providers who care for chronically ill and dying patients.

Elisabeth Gilbert

 is a PhD student at the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business Administration. She holds a BA from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and an MBA from Rollins College. Her research focuses primarily on employee well-being and interpersonal influence in organizations.

Annabel Greenhill,

MA,

 is a Research Associate at Tufts Medical Center. She provides support and consultation to the Evaluation Program in the Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute.

Bjørn Grinde

 received his education in natural sciences, psychology, and anthropology from the University of Oslo, being awarded a Dr. Scient. and Dr. Philos. in biology. He is presently Chief Scientist at the Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Previously he served as a scientist and professor at leading universities in Norway, the United States, and Japan. He has written several books, including

Darwinian Happiness

(2012) and

The Evolution of Consciousness

(2016).

Gregory R. Harper

 is a retired oncologist who is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in both Medical Oncology and Hospice and Palliative Medicine. He holds an Emeritus appointment in the Department of Medicine at Lehigh Valley Health Network in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where he served as Physician in Chief of the John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center. Dr. Harper cared for adult cancer patients for 35 years, specializing in breast cancer and palliative care.

Meredith M. Hartzell

 has just finished her doctorate at the University of Texas at Arlington in Health Psychology. She studies the treatment of chronic pain patients and influential factors for pain severity, such as fear avoidance, depressive symptoms, and perceived disability. She has published widely on the topic of central sensitivity syndromes.

Juliet Hassard

 is Lecturer in Occupational Health Psychology at Birkbeck, University of London, where she is also Deputy Director of the Centre for Sustainable Working Life. Her research interests focus on best practice in health and safety management and, in particular, the nature and interplay of health and gender related issues.

Catherine A. Heaney

 is an Associate Professor (Teaching) in the Stanford Prevention Research Center, the Department of Psychology, and the interdisciplinary Program in Human Biology at Stanford University. Dr. Heaney's primary research focus is work and health, collaborating with worksites and communities to develop and evaluate intervention strategies for restructuring physical, organizational, and social aspects of work to reduce sources of stress, build social support, enhance perceived control of work tasks, strengthen employee coping skills, improve employee health behaviors, and thereby promote workers’ health.

Demetria F. Henderson

 is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Management at the University of Texas at Arlington. Her current research interests include diversity, positive organizational behavior, and career advancement. Prior to beginning her doctoral work, Demetria worked as a SAS programmer, utilizing her background in statistics. She holds a BS in Mathematics from Louisiana State University and an MS in Organization Development from the McColl School of Business at Queens University of Charlotte.

Stevan E. Hobfoll

 has published 12 books, and over 250 journal articles and book chapters. He is Presidential Professor and Chair of the Department of Behavioral Sciences at Rush Medical College in Chicago and Professor of Medicine and Preventive Medicine. He was a Senior Fellow of the Center for National Security Studies at the University of Haifa, Israel, and a Fulbright Senior Scholar. His framework for mass casualty intervention is the world standard.

Beverley Lim Høeg

 has a Master's degree in Psychology from the University of Copenhagen and is doing her doctoral research at the Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center. Her areas of research include stress and coping, bereavement, and return-to-work and follow-up treatment after cancer. She is also a counselor at the Danish Cancer Society's Counseling Center in Copenhagen, working with cancer patients and their caregivers.

Lucie Holmgreen

 is a postdoctoral fellow specializing in traumatic stress in the Department of Behavioral Sciences at Rush University Medical Center. Her research investigates the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral bases of the cyclical nature of trauma. Her work also examines institutional responses to traumatic stress as well as its pervasive physical health impacts.

Annekatrin Hoppe

 is a Professor for Occupational Health Psychology at Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. Her research focuses on occupational health and ethnic health disparities, cultural diversity and well-being in teams, and the development and evaluation of resource-oriented interventions in the workplace.

Ning Hou

 is an Assistant Professor of Management at St. Cloud State University. She received her PhD in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, as well as an MS in Statistics. She has served as reviewer for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) and Academy of Management (AOM) conferences. Her work has appeared in

Journal of Career Assessment

,

Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University

(Chinese), and

Railway Occupational Safety Health and Environmental Protection

(Chinese). She was awarded a SIOP Foundation Small Grant in 2013 as a Co-P.I., and was the winner of the Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition in 2013.

Melinda L. Jackson

 is a Senior Research Fellow in the School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, and a psychologist specializing in behavioral treatment of sleep disorders. Her research interests span sleep and neuropsychology, with a particular focus on the role of sleep in mood disorders and other clinical conditions such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea.

Christoffer Johansen

 is Head of Research in the Unit of Cancer Survivorship, one of seven units in the Danish Cancer Society Research Center. He is a Professor at the Oncology Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, with a focus on late effects in cancer. Professor Johansen has published more than 350 peer-reviewed publications, contributed to several books and authored three anthologies as well as coauthored one book – all on the topic of cancer and the mind, and psychological, social and late effects in relation to this disease. He is currently also Adjunct Professor at the Institute of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and at the Medical Faculty, University of Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Stina Johansson

 is Professor Emerita in Social Work at Umea University, Sweden. She received her doctorate in Sociology in 1986 and became Associate Professor in Sociology at Uppsala University in 1993. Her research interests are social care, social gerontology, gender, diversity, and comparative social policy. Stina Johansson has directed several research projects and has published together with researchers from the Scandinavian countries, China, and Australia. She coedited

Population Ageing from a Lifecourse Perspectiv

e (2014).

Brandon A. Johnson

 completed his doctorate in Industrial/Organizational Psychology at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. As an active contributor in his field, he has conducted research and worked in various areas of the public and private sectors. His research interests include contemporary issues related to environmental stressors and workers’ reactions to such stressors.

Morgan Jones

 is currently working in the private sector as a consultant for the pre-hire assessment company, FurstPerson. She received her MS in Industrial/Organizational Psychology at Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis. Her research interests broadly include workplace mistreatment and the resulting organizational or health-related outcomes of such experiences.

Sandra Kiffin-Petersen

 is Assistant Professor at the University of Western Australia Business School where she teaches and consults in organizational behaviour, leadership, emotions, team effectiveness, trust, and negotiation. She has won Best Paper awards, and both published articles and presented numerous papers at conferences in Europe, United States, New Zealand, and Australia. She is a member of the Organisational Behaviour, and Managerial and Organizational Cognitions divisions of the Academy of Management (USA) and the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management.

Victoria Kostadinov

 is a Research Officer at the National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction at Flinders University, South Australia. She holds a Master's degree in Organisational Psychology and Human Factors from the University of Adelaide. Her primary research interests lie in the social determinants of alcohol and drug use, and particularly the role of the workplace.

Paul Landsbergis

 is Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York–Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY. He was a coeditor of

The Workplace and Cardiovascular Disease

(2000) and

Unhealthy Work

(2009), and a member of the National Research Council's Committee on the Health and Safety Needs of Older Workers. He is deputy editor of the

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

.

Michael P. Leiter

 is Professor of Psychology at Deakin University in Melbourne, Australia and an Adjunct Professor at Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia. He is internationally renowned for his work on job burnout and work engagement. His current initiative in research and consulting is CREW – Civility, Respect, and Engagement at Work – that improves collegiality within workgroups.

Debra Lerner

 is Senior Scientist within the Tufts Medical Center Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Director of the Program on Health, Work and Productivity and Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Lerner's research addresses the science and practice of employee health improvement with an emphasis on sustaining ability to function at work. She and her colleagues developed the widely used Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ).

Lennart Levi

 was Professor of Psychosocial Medicine (1978–95) and became Emeritus Professor in 1995, both at the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. He was Founder and Director, National Swedish Institute for Psychosocial Medicine (1980–95); a member of the World Health Organization's Expert Panel on Mental Health (1973–96); temporary advisor/ consultant to several UN Specialized Agencies, and Member of the Swedish Parliament 2006–2010. He was awarded the Royal Swedish Medal of Merit (2001), the NIOSH Career Achievement Award (2005) and the Compostela Prize (2014).

Donald P. Lewis

 is a medical physician with extensive specialist expertise in the assessment and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. As the medical director at CFS Discovery Clinic in Melbourne, he has been dedicated to investigating this condition since 1985. Recognised as an international expert, Dr. Lewis's commitment to clinical research continues to enhance diagnostic and treatment outcomes for patients.

Luo Lu

 is currently the Distinguished Professor in National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Her major research interests include culture and self, subjective well-being, stress and adjustment, occupational health, and other Industrial/Organizational psychological topics. She has been awarded the Distinguished Research Award by the Taiwanese government. She has published extensively in journals and edited and authored books and book chapters.

Sara MacLennan

 is a Senior Lecturer in the Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, and Director of Operations for UCAN (a urological cancer charity). She is an Honorary Research Fellow at Birkbeck, University of London. She is a Registered Health Psychologist (Health and Care Professions Council). Her interests lie in the health psychology of cancer and, among other things, issues relating to survivorship and working life.

Wayne Martin,

LCSW,

 is a psychophysiologist in private practice in Fort Worth, Texas, helping individuals and organizations learn to manage stress more successfully. He utilizes biofeedback, neurofeedback, clinical hypnosis, and mindfulness to facilitate the shift from surviving into fully thriving in this chaotic world. He keeps his balance by spending as much time as possible in the outdoors and sculpting meditation labyrinths.

Christina Maslach

 is a pioneering researcher on job burnout, and the author of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the most widely used research measure in the burnout field. She has written numerous articles and books on this topic, several of which have received awards, and she is the founding coeditor, along with Michael Leiter, of the e-journal

Burnout Research

. She was recognized nationally as “Professor of the Year” for her outstanding research and teaching.

Gerald Matthews

 is a Research Professor at the Institute for Simulation and Training at the University of Central Florida. His research focuses on cognitive science models of personality, emotion, and human performance. Specific interests include the assessment of stress and fatigue states, models of personality and information-processing, emotional intelligence, and human factors applications of individual differences research. He has published 19 books and over 300 journal articles and chapters.

Samuel Melamed

 is Professor (Emeritus) of Occupational Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, the Academic College of Tel Aviv–Yaffo, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. His research is concerned with psychosocial factors at work, burnout, and health. He is the author and coauthor of over 150 scientific papers and book chapters and is the co-originator of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM).

Rebecca Michalak

 is Principal Consultant of Psychsafe Pty Ltd, which specializes in helping organizations maximize employee performance while minimizing exposure to psychosocial risks. A strategic human resources management and occupational health and safety expert, she combines organizational research with practice. She holds a PhD in Business from UQ Business School, University of Queensland; has both presented to and published in academic and industry-based channels; and is a member of various research and professional associations, including the Society for Industrial Organizational Psychology, the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and the Australian Human Resources Institute.

Unni Karin Moksnes

 holds a doctorate in Health Science, and is Associate Professor in Health Science at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She is a Research Coordinator in the Center for Health Promotion Research in Trondheim, Norway. She has published widely and directed large research projects.

Fehmidah Munir

 is a Reader in Health Psychology in the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences at Loughborough University, UK, and a Registered Health Psychologist (Health and Care Professions Council). Her expertise is in workplace health, particularly in preventing and managing long-term chronic health conditions in the workplace through research intervention.

Michael Neeper,

 Research Assistant with Organizational Wellness and Learning Systems (OWLS) since 2012, has worked on several projects, including an online system for teaching self-care with medical Qigong and an online version of the OWLS Team Awareness program for reducing workplace behavioral risks. Michael is doctoral candidate at the University of Texas at Arlington with a dissertation in the field of Organizational Wellness. His interests are wellness/fitness, training and development, statistics, and psychometrics.

Debra L. Nelson

 is the Spears School of Business Associates Chair and Professor of Management at Oklahoma State University. Her research focuses on positive organizational behavior, eustress at work, and identity management in the workplace. She is also a principal in Nelson Quick Group, specializing in executive coaching and leadership development.

Gianina-Ioana Postavaru

 is a postdoctoral researcher in the Centre for Sustainable Working Life at Birkbeck, University of London. Her research projects have mainly focused on breast cancer survivorship and treatment-related decisions in families with neoplastic children.

Sarah Pressman

 is an Associate Professor of Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine. Her research examines the associations between positive psychosocial factors, stress, and physical well-being, with a particular focus on the possible biological and behavioral pathways by which psychosocial factors “get under the skin” to influence health. She has published numerous papers in top psychology journals and her work has been cited extensively by the popular media.

James Campbell Quick

 holds the Goolsby–Fouse Endowed Chair at the University of Texas at Arlington and is Professor, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, UK. He is a Fellow, American Psychological Association, and Fellow, Lancaster Leadership Centre, Lancaster University, UK. His awards include the Maroon Citation (Colgate University), the 2002 Harry and Miriam Levinson Award (American Psychological Foundation), and the Legion of Merit (United States Air Force). Jim is married to the former Sheri Grimes Schember. He is a partner in NelsonQuick Group, LLC.

Daniel E. Ray

 attended medical school at the Ohio State University and completed internal medicine and pulmonary/critical care training at Medical College of Wisconsin. He received a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Grant for integrating palliative medicine in the intensive care unit at Lehigh Valley Health Network (LVHN). He is Chief of the Section of Palliative Medicine and Hospice, serves as medical director for OACIS and director for the Hospice and Palliative Medicine Fellowship program at LVHN.

Richard D. Roberts

 is Vice President and Chief Scientist, Center for Innovative Assessments, Professional Examination Service, New York. His main area of specialization is measurement, with a special emphasis on developing and researching innovative new items types for the assessment of both cognitive and noncognitive factors. Dr. Roberts has published over a dozen books, and about 200 peer-review articles/book chapters on these topics, with nearly 400 presentations across the globe.

Ann Roche

 is Director of the National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University. She holds a PhD in public health, and has worked for 30 years as a researcher, educator, policy analyst, and consultant to government and nongovernment bodies, including the World Health Organization. She has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and several books and book chapters. She is a frequently invited speaker and media commentator, and a member of several national and international advisory bodies.

William H. Rogers

 is a Senior Statistician within the Tufts Medical Center Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, primarily working with the Program on Health, Work and Productivity. He is nationally known expert in measuring depression and mental distress and analyzing treatment outcomes. He had a major role in developing the PC-SAD depression screener, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ). Dr. Rogers was chief statistician for the landmark Medical Outcomes Study.

Michael F. Scheier

 is Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. His research falls at the intersection of personality, social psychology, and health psychology. His current work focuses on the effects of dispositional optimism on psychological and physical well-being, and on the health benefits of adaptive goal adjustment when confronting adversity. He is a fellow in Divisions 8 and 38 of the American Psychological Association, and has served as President of Division 38.

Peter Schnall

 is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California, Irvine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. He is a recognized expert on the role of occupational stress in causing hypertension and the lead editor of the standard text in this field,

The Workplace and Cardiovascular Disease

(2000). He also edited

Unhealthy Work: Causes, Consequences, Cures

(2009) and is Director of the Center for Social Epidemiology (

www.unhealthywork.org

).

Mim Senft

 is the President of Motivity Partnerships, Inc. Motivity provides wellness program evaluation and strategy design to businesses, as well as developing business to business relationships in the wellness and resilience space. Prior to starting Motivity Partnerships, Mim worked onsite at Goldman Sachs as a consultant in charge of wellness program strategy. She also worked at National Financial Partners, where she worked with more than 70 companies on wellness program and benefits design. She has more than 20 years of experience in the corporate world and has spoken at numerous conferences and roundtables on worksite wellness and benefits related topics. She currently serves on the Board of Directors for the National Wellness Institute and is Founding Member of Global Women 4 Wellbeing.

Catherine Serena

 is a core faculty member of the Division of Palliative Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, in Allentown, PA, and has provided end-of-life care support through her 30-year career. She has a graduate degree in Social Work from Temple University, teaches college level death and dying courses, and continues to facilitate children's bereavement programming in the community while providing social work services for the inpatient team at Lehigh Valley Hospital.

Johannes Siegrist

 is Senior Professor of Work Stress Research at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany. Until 2012 he was Professor and Director of the Institute of Medical Sociology at that university. His main research fields are stressful work and health (being the author of the “effort–reward imbalance” model) and social inequalities in health, with over 300 scientific publications on these topics. He is a Fellow of Academia Europaea, London, and a Corresponding Fellow of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences.

Maria Sjölund

 is Senior Lecturer in Social Work at Mid Sweden University. Her main research interests are social aspects of ageing and old age. Sjölund received her doctorate in Social Work at Umeå University, Sweden, 2012. Her PhD thesis, “Lived experiences of ageing,” published in Swedish, contains notions and experiences of being and growing old.

Michael Sliter

 received his MA and PhD in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from Bowling Green State University under the supervisor of Steve Jex, PhD. Starting in academia at at Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis, he has shifted to working in the field as a Senior Consultant at FurstPerson. His research focuses on workplace incivility/aggression, emotions, and workplace fitness, and has been published in top I/O journals, including

Journal of Applied Psychology

,

Journal of Organizational Behavior

, and

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

.

Ivalu Katajavaara Sørensen

 is a Master of Science in Public Health at the University of Copenhagen. Ivalu is an Assistant Research Scientist at the Unit of Cancer Survivorship, a part of the Danish Cancer Society Research Center. Her main focus of research is psychological stress and social relations. She is a coauthor of an ongoing systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological stress as a risk factor for cancer in collaboration with the Unit of Cancer Survivorship.

Donna Stevens

 is the program director for the Optimizing Advanced Complex Illness Support (OACIS) and Palliative Medicine programs at Lehigh Valley Health Network. These programs include inpatient consultation services, a nationally recognized and innovative home-based palliative care service, and an outpatient clinic. With a clinical background in occupational therapy, she had previously served as administrator in both psychiatry and skilled nursing. She serves on the Improving Outpatient Palliative Care Advisory Board of the Center to Advance Palliative Care.

Helen Thomas,

LCSW,

 is a social worker focused on implementing best practice interventions for complex trauma affecting children, adolescents, and adults throughout our chaotic world. She understands and is passionate about assisting individuals and organizational systems recognize and treat the symptoms of trauma related to a powerful critical event and trauma related to repeated events such as domestic violence, abuse, neglect, and displacement due to war and disaster (complex trauma).

Vanessa Tirone