The life of Saladin and the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem E-Book

Stanley Lane-Pool

• Herausgeber: FV Éditions
• Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Saladin, one of the most prominent figure of the time of the Crusades, was a great muslim leader, respected and praised even by his Crusader foes.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

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THE LIFE OF SALADIN

PART I.

CHAPTER I.

Decay of the Caliphate

The Seljuk Turks

The Emperor Melik Shah.

Military Organization.

Education and Learning.

Disruption of the Seljuk Empire.

CHAPTER II.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem

Osama of Sheyzar

Franks and Moslems

Aggression of the Franks

CHAPTER III.

Zengy “the Syrian”

Zengy at Court

1127 Atabeg of Mosul

Zengy’s Rule

Mosul

PART II.

CHAPTER IV.

1128 Zengy Advances Westwards.

1130 Battle of Atharib.

1137 Mont Ferrand.

1139 Damascus Allies with the Franks

1144 Siege of Edessa

Death of Zengy

CHAPTER V.

Baalbek

Crusade of Conrad and Louis VII

Damascus

Character in Youth

CHAPTER VI

1164 First Invasion of Egypt.

1164 Amalric before Bilbeys.

1167 Second Invasion of Egypt.

1167 Audience of the Caliph.

1168 Frank Garrison at Cairo.

1168 Burning of Fustat.

1169 Third Invasion of Egypt.

1169 Death of Shirkuh.

CHAPTER VII.

1169 Revolt of the Blacks

1169 Siege of Damietta.

1169 Discomfiture of the Franks

1170 Raids upon Gaza and Elat

1171 End of the Fatimid Caliphate.

CHAPTER VIII.

1171 Siege of Mont Real

1173 Siege of Karak.

1172-3 Conquest of Tripoli and the Sudan

1174 Sicilians Besiege Alexandria

PART III.

CHAPTER IX.

1174 Factions in Syria

Saladin. 1174

1175 Attempt of the Assassins.

1175 The Horns of Hamah.

1176 Battle of Tell-es-Sultan.

1176 Second Attempt of the Assassins.

CHAPTER X.

1176 The Sheykh of the Mountain.

1177 Building the Citadel of Cairo.

1177 Defeat at Ramla

1179 Jacob's Ford.

1179 Battle of Mergion.

1180 Truce with the Franks.

CHAPTER XI.

1182 Farewell to Cairo.

1182 Siege of Beyrut.

1182 Invasion of Mesopotamia.

1183 Saladin at Aleppo.

PART IV.

CHAPTER XII.

1183 Engagement at La Fève.

1183-4 Two Sieges of Karak.

1184 Truce with the Franks.

1184 Damascus.

1184 The Sultan's Duties.

1184 State Ceremonies.

1184 Embassy of Baka-ed-din,

1186 Treaty with Mosul

CHAPTER XIII.

1187 Tiberias Sacked.

1187 The March to Tiberias.

1187 The Night before the Battle

1187 The Last Stand of the Knights.

1187 Saladin Slays Reginald.

CHAPTER XIV.

1187 Conquest of Palestine.

1187 Fall of Ascalon

1187 Siege of Jerusalem.

1187 Capitulation of Jerusalem.

CHAPTER XV.

1187 Siege of Tyre.

1188 Retreat from Tyre

1188 Saladin’s Strategy.

1188 March on Tripolis.

1188 Fall of Belvoir, Safed, and Karak

CHAPTER XVI.

1189 The Third Crusade.

1189 The March on Acre. 257

1189 Battle of Acre.

PART V.

CHAPTER XVII.

1189 Retreat to the Hills.

1190 Henry of Champagne Lands.

1190 The Tower of Flies.

1190 The First English Fleet Arrives

1190 Battle at the Spring Head.

1190-1 Sufferings of the Camp.

CHAPTER XVIII

1191 A Sea Fight.

1191 Richard Arrives at Acre

1191 Siege Engines.

1191 The Defence of Acre.

1191 The Grand Assault of July.

1191 The Garrison Treats for Terms.

1191 Surrender of Acre.

CHAPTER XIX.

1191 Negotiations for Peace

1191 The King of France Goes Home

1191 Negotiations for Peace.

1191 Massacre of Hostages by Richard.

1191 Saladin Crosses Carmel

1191 The Coast March.

1191 Battle of Arsuf.

1191 Arsuf : The Saracens Attack.

1191 Arsuf: Distress of the Hospitallers,

1191 Arsuf : Charge of the Knights.

1191 Arsuf: Rout of the Saracens.

CHAPTER XX.

1191 Razing of Ascalon.

1191 Negotiations for Peace.

1191 Proposed Marriage and Alliance

1192 Richard Retreats from Beyt Nuba

1192 Richard Rebuilds Ascalon

1192 Mission of El-Adil

1192 Richard's Glimpse of the Holy City

1192 The Franks Finally Retreat

CHAPTER XXI

1192 Assault of Jaffa.

1192 Richard Rescues Jaffa.

1192 Richard at Jaffa

1192 Proposals of Peace.

1192 Battle of Jaffa.

1192 Richard's Sickness.

1192 Treaty of Peace

CHAPTER XXII.

1192 Pilgrims to Jerusalem.

1192 Saladin and the Pilgrims.

1193 The Fatal Fever

Death of Saladin

His Court and Conversation.

Laborious Life.

Zeal for the Holy War.

CHAPTER XXIII

The Treason of Raymond.

The Hospital at Acre.

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Copyright © 2017 / FV Éditions

Cover : Portrait of Saladino by Cristofano dell’Altissimo (1552)

ISBN 979-10-299-0427-1

All Rights Reserved

THE LIFE OF SALADINAND THE FALL OF THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM

By

Stanley Lane-Poole

— 1903 —

PART I.INTRODUCTORY

CHAPTER I.SALADIN’S WORLD.

IN the year 1132 a broken army, flying before its pursuers, reached the left bank of the Tigris. On the other side, upon a steep cliff, stood the impregnable Fortress of Tekrit, defended landwards by a deep moat and accessible only by secret steps cut in the rock and leading from the heart of the citadel to the water's edge. The one hope of the fugitives was to attain the refuge of the castle, and their fate turned upon the disposition of its warden. Happily he chose the friendly part, and provided a ferry by which they crossed to safety. The ferry boats of the Tigris made the fortunes of the house of Saladin. The flying leader who owed his life to their timely succor was Zengy, the powerful lord of Mosul; and in later days, when triumph returned to his standards, he did not forget the debt he owed Tekrit, but, ever mindful of past services, carried its warden onward and upward on the wave of his progress. This warden was Saladin 's father.

Ayyub (in English plain Job), surnamed after the fashion of the Saracens Nejm-ed-din, or “Star of the Faith”, the fortunate commandant at this critical moment, although an oriental and a Mohammedan, belonged to the same great Aryan stock as ourselves, being neither Arab nor Turk, but a Kurd of the Rawadiya clan, born at their village of Ajdanakan near Dawin in Armenia. From time immemorial the Kurds have led the same wild pastoral life in the mountain tracts between Persia and Asia Minor. In their clannishness, their love of thieving, their fine chivalrous sense of honor and hospitality, and their unquestioned courage, they resembled the Arabs of the “Days of Ignorance”  before Islam, or the Highland Scots before the reforms of Marshal Wade. They have ever been a gallant and warlike people, impervious as a rule to civilization and difficult for strangers to manage, but possessed of many rude virtues. At least, they gave birth to Saladin. Of his more distant forefathers nothing is known. His family is becomingly described by his biographers as “one of the most eminent and respectable in Dawin”, but even if true this is at most a provincial and limited distinction. Dawin, formerly called Dabil, was the capital of Inner or Northern Armenia in the tenth century, long before Tiflis attained to its greater importance. It was a large walled city, the residence of the governor of the province, and its inhabitants were chiefly Christians, who carried on a rich trade in the goats’ hair clothes and rugs which they wove and dyed with the brilliant crimson of the kirmiz worm. Jews, Magians, and Christians dwelt there in peace under their Mohammedan conquerors, and the Armenian Church stood beside the Mosque where Moslems prayed.