The Time Machine E-Book

Promit Hazra

• Herausgeber: Pencil
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Seitenzahl: 49

Beschreibung

About the book:

The Time Machine is a history book of Indian Ancient age. This book is written by Promit Hazra,a famous writer in Kolkata. Here the readers will know the history of ancient India. The Chapters Including in this book are : History of Harapan, Jainism, Buddhism, Vedic Period, Rise of Sixteen Majanapadas and Rise of Magadha.

About the author:

This book is written By Promit Hazra,a writer from the city of joy,Kolkata,India. He is famous for some brilliant books : "The Virtual Death","Bastob O Rohosso (Bengali)" and many others. This book is based on the ancient age of India. Promit Hazra born on 6th of June,2000 in the City, Howrah, located in West Bengal. He completed his secondary and Higher Secondary study from Santragachi Kadarnath Institution. 

Leseprobe

THETIMEMACHINE

BY

PromitHazra

ISBN9789354587184©PromitHazra2021PublishedinIndia2021byPencilAbrandofOnePointSixTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.123,BuildingJ2,ShramSevaPremises,WadalaTruckTerminal,Wadala(E)Mumbai400037,Maharashtra,[e-mail]dwideNopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinorintroducedintoaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform,orbyanymeans(electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise),withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher.Anypersonwhocommitsanunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublicationcanbeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages.

DISCLAIMER:TheopinionsexpressedinthisbookarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotpurporttoreflecttheviewsofthePublisher.

Authorbiography

ThisbookiswrittenByPromitHazra,awriterfromthecityofjoy,Kolkata,India.Heisfamousforsomebrilliantbooks:"TheVirtualDeath","BastobORohosso(Bengali)"andmanyothers.ThisbookisbasedontheancientageofIndia.

PromitHazrabornon6thofJune,2000intheCity,Howrah,locatedinWestBengal.HecompletedhissecondaryandHigherSecondarystudyfromSantragachiKadarnathInstitution. 

Contents

HISTORYOFHARAPPAN

THEVEDICPERIOD

BUDDHISM

JAINIS​M

RISEOFSIXTEENMAHAJANAPADAS

RISEOFMAGADHA

Introduction

"TimeMachine"-thisisamysteriousthing.Weallknowthatthismachineisusedfortimetravel.WiththisbookwewilltravelthroughIndianHistory.Inthis1steditionwewilltraveltheancientageofIndianHistory(FromtheHarappanCivilizationtoRiseofMagadha). 

HISTORYOFHARAPPAN

IndusValleycivilization,alsocalled Harappancivilization,theearliestknownurbancultureoftheIndiansubcontinent.Thenucleardatesofthecivilizationappeartobeabout2500–1700BCE.●Originandevolution:TheHarappancivilisationisdatedbetween2500and1700BC.Therewereearlierandlatercultures,knownasEarlyHarappanandLaterHarappan.TheHarappanperiodcharacterisedbyseals,beads,weights,stonebladesandbakedbricksiscalledastheMatureHarappanculture. ●Geography:  TheHarappancivilisationwasspreadoverAfghanistan,Sind,Beluchisthan,Jammu,Punjab,northernRajasthan,KathiawarandGujarat.TheKalibangan -Mohenjo-DarorepresentthecentreoftheHarappancivilisation.MostoftheHarappansettlementswerelocatedinthisregion.ThemostremarkablefeatureofHarappancivilisationwasitsurbanisation.TheHarappanplaceswhichweresmalltowns,showanadvancedsenseoftownplanning.ThemajorcentresareHarappa,Mohenjo-Daro,Kalibangan,Lothal,Sutkagen-Dor,Dholavira,etc.Usuallytownswerelaidoutinaparallelogrammicform.Eachtownswasdividedintoahigherresidentialareawheretheessentialinstitutionsofcivilandreligiouslifewerelocatedandlowerresidentialareawheretheurbanpopulationlived.Systemtownplanning,drainagesystem,granary,dockyard,publicbathingplace,useofbricks,buildings,etc.aresomeofthemostimpressiveachievementsoftheHarappancivilisation.●AgricultureandCrafts:       TheHarappancultivatedwheatandbarley,peasanddates,sesameandmustard.InLothalcultivatedriceasearlyas1800BC.TheevidenceofafurrowedfieldinKalibanganindicatesthattheHarappansusedsomesortofwoodenplough.TheirrigationdependedontheirregularfloodingoftheriversofPunjabandSind.Varioussculptures,seals,pottery,goldjewelryandfigurinesinterracotta,bronzeandsteatite,etc,havebeenexcavatedfromthesitesoftheHarappancivilisation.Othercraftsthathavebeenunearthedincludeshellworks,ceramics,agate,glazedsteatitebeadmaking,specialkindofcombs,etc.ThedancinggirlandthebeardedheadfromMohenjo-Daroarethetwowellknownpiecesofart.●Science:TheHarappansknewmetalworkingandminingandconstructingwellplannedmultistoreybuildings.Theyalsoknewtomakelonglastingpaintsanddyes.●Administration: ItisnotclearastowhatsortofpoliticaladministrationtheHarappanshad.Howeverthesheerrangeandvolumeofproductsutilisedbytheresidentsofthelargertownsindicateacentralisedauthority,possiblywhichcouldbeaclassofmerchants.●Religion:ThevariousclayfiguresindicatedthattheHarappansworshippedthemotherGoddessasthesymboloffertility.Certaintreesseemtohavebeenconsideredassacred.Somepeopleburiedtheirdeadingraves.TheHarappansprobablybelievedlifeafterdeath,astheirgravesoftencontainedhouseholdpottery,ornamentsandmirrorsbelongingtothedeadpersons

THEVEDICPERIOD

TheVedicAgeisthe“heroicage”ofancientIndiancivilization.ItisalsotheformativeperiodwhenthebasicfoundationsofIndiancivilizationwerelaiddown.TheseincludetheemergenceofearlyHinduismasthefoundationalreligionofIndia,andthesocial/religiousphenomenonknownascaste.ThisperiodofIndia’shistorylastedfromaround1500BCEthroughto500BCE;thatis,fromtheearlydaysoftheAryanmigrationintonorth-westIndiathroughtotheageoftheBuddha.●TheVedas: TheAryanswereapeoplefromcentralAsiawhospokeanIndo-Europeanlanguage.TheybroughtwiththemintoIndiaareligionbasedontheworshipofmanygodsandgoddesses.Thisancientreligionisdepictedincollectionsoforalpoetryandprose–hymns,prayers,chants,spellsandcommentaries–knownasthe“Vedas”.TheAryanbelief-systemthattheVedasreflectwasdistantly-relatedtothoseheldbyotherIndo-Europeanpeoplesoftheancientworld,suchastheGreeksandtheGermans.However,sometimeinthecenturiesbeforetheyhadenteredIndia,thepracticeoffireceremoniesofthegodAgnihadbecomeafocalpartoftheirworship,atraitwhichtheysharedwiththeirnear-relatives,theIranians(theword“Iranian”comesfromthesamerootastheword“Aryan”).AnotherleadinggodwasIndra,theHighGod.Also,theconceptofthe“CycleofLife”–reincarnationofthesoulfromoneearthlylifetoanother–alsoaroseinthisperiod.TheAryanscameintonorth-westIndiaaspastoral,semi-nomadictribesledby