The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Wiley Clinical Psychology Handbooks
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 2184

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025

Beschreibung

A comprehensive discussion of the history, theory, and applications of art therapy

In the newly revised second edition of the Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy, a team of distinguished art therapists delivers a compilation of unprecedented depth and breadth on the subject of art therapy. It is a contemporary and holistic picture of a profession that has undergone profound transformation since the publication of the first edition of this book.

The editors expose you to a wealth of knowledge, wisdom, experiences, and perspectives that explain the countless applications and uses of art therapy. You’ll gain an appreciation for the most recent developments in the field via the contributions of the 116 authors whose works make up this Handbook.

Readers will also discover:

• A thorough introduction to the history of art therapy
• Comprehensive explorations of the theoretical frameworks on which art therapy is built, including expressive, psychoanalytic, Jungian, and archetypal theories
• Practical discussions of media considerations in art therapy
• Complete treatments of developmental milestones, populations, settings, and research models and assessments in art therapy

Perfect for practicing art therapists, the Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy will also benefit students in the therapeutic professions and anyone else with an interest in the applications, background, history, and theory of a fascinating and practical discipline.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

In Memoriam

Editor Bios

Author Bios

Acknowledgements

List of Figures

List of Tables

Introduction

The Sections

Section I: Introductory Considerations

Section II: Theoretical Frameworks

Section III: Understanding Media in Therapy

Section IV: Developmental Milestones

Section V: Populations and Settings

Section VI: Art Therapy Assessments and Research Models

Section VII: Art Therapy Around the World

Section VIII: Professional Considerations

Section I: Introductory Considerations

Introduction

1 Implementing Cultural Humility in Art Therapy

Cultural Humility Echoed in Art Therapy History

Cultural Humility

Final Thoughts

Appendix I

References

Notes

2 History of Art Therapy

Ancestors and Influences

Influences from England

Art Therapy Profession as a Separate Discipline

Early Art Therapy Clinicians

Art Therapy Master’s Training Programs

Art Therapy: Milestones and the Future

References

Notes

3 Rethinking and Reframing Group Art Therapy: An Amalgamation of British and US Models

US and British Group Approaches to Group Art Therapy

Learning from US Art Therapists

Learning from British Art Therapists

Taking the Best from Each Side of the Atlantic

Toward a Model of Group Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

4 Identity of the Art Therapist

A History of Reflecting on Identity

Credentials as a Factor in Identify

Education as a Factor in Identity

Questioning as a Core Value

Broadening the Debate

Conclusion

References

Note

5 Making Queer Worlds: Affirming LGBTQIA+ Clients in Art Therapy

LGBTQIA+: Beyond the Acronym

SGM Health Disparities and Implications for Art Therapy

Embracing Queer Worldmaking in Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

6 Art Therapy, Homelessness, and Poverty

Programs Addressing Poverty and Homelessness

Self‐determination Theory

Service‐Learning Theory

The Rhythm of Compassion

Conclusion

References

7 “Special Needs” Federal Mandates and Opportunities for Art Therapy

The Federal Mandates and Art Therapy

Federal Definitions and Art Adaptations

Conclusion

References

Public Laws

Note

8 Art Therapy is a Brain‐Based Profession: Update 2024

Introduction

Foundations of Inquiry: Exploring Worldviews and Assumptions

Collaboration over Reinvention: Strengthening our Collective Work

Knowledge Translation: The Evolution from Known to New

Conclusion

References

Notes

Section II: Theoretical Frameworks

Introduction

9 Expressive Therapies Continuum

Introduction

Description of the ETC

Interdisciplinary Influences on the Structure of the ETC

Application of the ETC in Therapy

A Case Vignette

Conclusion

References

Note

10 Psychoanalytic Art Therapy

Psychoanalytic Art Therapy

Characteristics of Psychoanalytic Art Therapy

Technique in Psychoanalytic Art Therapy

Case Vignette: Jackie and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Conclusion

References

Note

11 Psychoanalytic Study of Artists and Their Art: Its Relevance for Art Therapists

Biographical Information

Recent Research

Conclusion

References

Note

12 Jungian Art Therapy: Theory Through Lived Experiences

Jung’s Map of the Psyche

Jung’s

Liber Novus

or

The Red Book

Active Imagination: A Creative Method

The Picture Archive

Jungian Art Therapy

References

Notes

13 Archetypal Art Therapy

Paying Close Attention to the Structure and Content of Images

An Imaginal Rather than a Symbolic Approach to Working with Images

Using Metaphorical Language to Hear Images in their Own Words

Summary

References

14 Adlerian Art Therapy

Adler’s Biographical History

Characteristics of Individual Psychology

Unity of the Personality and Holism

Fictional Goals and Teleology

Inferiority Feelings and Superiority Striving

Social Interest

Exploring Life Style Through Art Therapy

The First Adlerian Art Therapist

Conclusion

References

15 Cognitive Behavioral Art Therapy Revisited

CBT Today

CBAT Yesterday and Today

Reimagining CBAT

References

Note

16 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Art Therapy

An Evidence‐Based Approach

The Goal

Underlying Theories

Cultural Humility

ACT in Practice

Integrated Hexaflex

Conclusion

References

17 Gestalt Art Therapy: A Path to Consciousness Expansion

Defining Gestalt Art Therapy

The Existential Philosophical Basis

Healthy Functioning, Creative Functioning

Why Art In and As Therapy?

When Therapy Helps: Goals of Gestalt Art Therapy

The Strong Relationship Between Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Art Therapy

Final Remarks

References

Note

18 Positive Art Therapy: Integrating Positive Psychology with Art Therapy

Positive Psychology Enters the Scene

Positive Psychology and Art Therapy

Doing This Work Ourselves

Additional Resources

References

19 Mindfulness‐Based Art Therapy

Introduction

Diagnosis of Cancer

Using Mindful Practices

Mindfulness‐Based Art Therapy Research

Using MBAT

Summary

Future Directions

References

20 Embracing the Transpersonal: Developing a Spiritualized Art Therapy

Beginnings

Historical Roots of Transpersonal Psychology and Transpersonal Art Therapy

Transpersonal Art Therapy: Roots and Branches

Conclusion: Future Trends in Transpersonal Art Therapy

References

21 Existentialism, Logotherapy and Art Therapy

Existentialism

Logotherapy

Conclusion

References

22 Social Action Art Therapy

Why This Topic?

What Is Social Action Art Therapy?

A Social Action Art Therapy Project for the Future

In Summary

Post Script

Editors' Note

References

Note

23 Aggression and Art Therapy: A Social Interactionist Perspective

Various Theoretical Perspectives on Aggression

Social Interaction, Aggression, and Art (Therapy)

Case Vignette—Eric

Summary

References

Note

24 Open Studio Approach to Art Therapy

Characteristics of Open Studio Approaches

Examples of Community‐based Studio Practices

Ethical Guidelines

Conclusion

References

25 An Eclectic Approach to Art Therapy—Revisited

Trauma and Its Physiological Effects

Community Treatment

A Culturally

Global

Community

Art for Professional Self‐Processing

Conclusion

References

Note

Section III: Understanding Media

Introduction

Reference

26 Media Considerations in Art Therapy: Directions for Future Research

Media Properties

Culturally Attuned Art Media

Unconventional Media

Natural Materials

Conclusion

References

27 2D Expression is Intrinsic: Materials are Not

2D Visual Representation

References

28 Printmaking: Reflective and Receptive Impressions in the Therapeutic Process

Impressions by Design: History and Overview of Printmaking

The Mirror Image in the Printmaking Process

The Surrendering to the Oracle: The Unpredictable in Printmaking

Multiplicity and Sociological Considerations of Printmaking

Types of Printmaking Suitable for Therapeutic Settings

Conclusion

References

29 Photography as Therapy: Academic and Clinical Explorations

Academic Applications

Clinical Applications

Conclusion

References

30 The Paradox of Digital Media for Art Therapy

My Positionality in Digital Media Use and Research

Adaptive and Emerging Edges for Digital Media (2010–2024)

New Wave Immersive Digital Media

Final Considerations

References

31 Collage as an Expressive Medium in Art Therapy

Collage Media and Methods

Clinical and Research Applications and Implications of Collage

Conclusion

References

32 Collage as Post‐structural Epistemology: Construction–Deconstruction–Reconstruction

Situating Collage: History and Process

Construction: A Stable State of Impermanence

Deconstruction: Fragmenting and Juxtaposing

Reconstruction: Potentiality in Process

Collage: Constructing–Deconstructing–Reconstructing Self

References

Note

33 Constructing the Self: Three‐Dimensional Form

Active Engagement

Tacit Understanding

The Socially and Culturally Constructed Self

Conclusion—Therapist as Witness

References

Section IV: Developmental Milestones

Introduction

34 Art is the Common Thread in Group Therapy

The Initial Knot of Art Therapy Group: The Beginning Stage

Stitching the Scraps Together through Art: The Working Stage

Tying Off the Final Stitches: The Ending Stage

References

Note

35 Art Therapy with Children

Art Therapy in Contemporary Culture

Technology, Childhood, and Art

The History of Art Therapy with Children

The Practice of Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

36 Relating and Creating in Art Therapy with Adolescents

Relating

Three Case Vignettes

Conclusion

References

37 Adult Art Therapy: Four Decades, Ages 20–60 Years

The Therapy Relationship

Introducing Art Therapy

Assessing the Client’s Needs and Goal Setting

Choosing Art Media and Case Examples

Conclusion

References

38 Art Therapy with Older Adults

Theories of Older Adult Development

Dementia. Loneliness, Social Isolation, Depression

Art Therapy Goals

Art Media and the ETC

Therapeutic Space and Process

Creating Expressive Freedom Within Structure

Conclusion

References

39 Art Therapy and Thanatology: A Unified Approach

Underlying Theories

Social Responsibility

Death and Dying

Art Expression and Meaning Making

Stephanie

Conclusion

References

40 A Treatment Model for Marital Art Therapy: Combining Gottman's Sound Relationship House Theory with Art Therapy Techniques

The Gottman Sound Relationship House Model

Advantages of Applying Art Therapy Techniques

Combining Art Therapy Techniques with the Gottman Model

Review of Artwork/Bridge Drawing

Conclusion

References

41 Getting the Picture: Family Art Therapy

Family Art Therapy Pioneers

Current Trends in Family Art Therapy

Case Study

Conclusion

References

Section V: Populations and Settings

Introduction

42 Art Therapy and Developmental, Intellectual/Learning Disabilities

Intellectual/Learning Disability

Art Therapy with People Who Have a Learning Disability

Conclusion

References

43 Art, Art Therapy, and Autism

Engaging the Mind, Brain, and Senses

A Brief History of Autism Diagnosis

Using Art in Therapy

Challenges and Goals for the Art Therapist

Art, Reflection, and Communication

Meta‐Verbal Processes in Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

Note

44 School Art Therapy

The Decline of Mental Health Services for US Youth

Historic and Contemporary Issues in School Art Therapy

Assessment

Engagement

Collaboration, Consultation, and Communication

Establishing a School Art Therapy Program

New Trends in School Art Therapy

Research

Conclusion

References

Note

45 Reflections on 44 Years of Art Therapy in Psychiatric Hospitals

Changes and Challenges in the Inpatient Setting

The COVID‐19 Pandemic

Other Art Therapy Interventions

References

46 Art Therapy in the Management of Generalized Low‐Level Depression

Current Crises Impact Depression

Warren: Depression Induced by the Pandemic

Janet: Depression Induced by Climate Change

Using Art Therapy to Manage Generalized Low Level Depression

References

47 Art Therapy and Substance Abuse

Art Therapy Approaches and Benefits

Use of Art for Assessment and Treatment Interventions

Special Considerations in Substance Abuse Treatment

Bridge Drawings as an Intervention in Groups: Two Vignettes

Conclusion

References

48 Addiction and Art Therapy: Interdisciplinary Considerations

Definition of Addiction

Prevalence of Addiction

Neurobiological Considerations

Treatment Approaches

Conclusion

References

49 Art Therapy in the Treatment of Long‐term PTSD

Art Therapy’s Special Role in Trauma Treatment

Instinctual Trauma Response

®

(ITR) and the Graphic Narrative

®

Case Study Using the Instinctual Trauma Response Method

Conclusion

References

50 Young Children Can’t Wait: Treating Early Childhood Trauma Using Art Therapy and Child Parent Psychotherapy

Rationale for Combined Therapeutic Approaches

Case Example

The Foundational Phase: Feeling of Safety

Core Intervention Phase: Relationship and Attachment

Recapitulation and Termination Phase

Conclusion

References

51 Using Art Therapy for Vets with Moral Injuries

Moral Injury

Treatment

Art Therapy Treatment

Visual Platíca

Connecting Gloria Anzaldúa to Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

52 Dissociation and Dissociative Identities in Art Therapy Treatment: Who Else is in the Room?

Dissociation Continuum

Art Therapy and Dissociation

Final Considerations

References

53 Art Therapy and Eating Disorders

The Multidisciplinary Team

The Voice of the Eating Disorder

The Importance of the Initial Art Therapy Session

Perceptions of Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

54 Grief and Aggression in Art Therapy: The Intersection of Violence and Grief

Art Therapy with Aggression and Complicated Grief

Art Therapy and Grief

Art Therapy, Complicated Grief, and Aggression

Exploring this Intersection

Bereavement Art Therapy Program

Elliott

Conclusion

References

55 The Art of Forensic Art Therapy

The Art of Investigation

Epistemological and Ontological Origins of FAT

Comparison of Forensic and Clinical Interview Methods

The Art of Interviewing

The Art of Testifying

Lay Versus Expert Witness

Novel Scientific Evidence

Ethical Considerations

Mental Health Witnesses

The Art of Drawing to Disclose

Conclusion

References

56 Art Therapy in the Prison Milieu

Therapeutic Challenges in Prison

Art in Prison: An Overview

Why?

The Benefits of Art Therapy in Prison

Studies of Art Therapy in Prisons: From Pilot to Ongoing

Ongoing Practices

References

Notes

57 In Transit: Art Therapy as a Bridge to Reintegration in Sex Offender Treatment Programs

A Brief Overview of Sex Offender Treatment

Art Therapy with Those Labeled as Sex Offenders

Beyond the Bars: An Integrative Art Therapy Approach in SOTP

The Value of Supervision and Mentoring

Concluding Remarks

References

58 Dimensions of Art Therapy in Medical Illness

Classification of Medical Illnesses

Goals of MAT

MAT with Children

Considerations for MAT

Psychological Aspects of Illness

Self‐Identity and Illness

Materials

Therapy Space

Conclusion

References

59 Art Therapy in Medical Settings

Ambience and Adaptation

Working with Infectious Patients in Isolation

Interdisciplinarity and Promoting Art Therapy in a Medical Setting

Care for the Caregiver

Conclusion

References

60 Community‐Based Disability Studios: Being and Becoming

Intersecting Histories

Philosophies and Theories

Project Onward: A Program Model

Possibilities for Art Therapists

Conclusion

References

61 Bringing Art Therapy into Museums

Museums as Agents of Social Change

Therapeutic Uses of Museums

Experimental Art Therapy Programs

A Pilot Museum‐Based Art Therapy Program

Development of a Student Practicum Placement

Utilizing the Museum to Enhance Classroom Learning

Conclusion

References

62 Museum‐Based Art Therapy with Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults

Museum Efforts Toward Inclusivity

Museum‐Based Art Therapy

Understanding Neurodiverse Clients

Engaging with Museum Objects

Facilitating Narratives Through Co‐Curated Exhibitions

Therapeutic Intentions in the Museum

Case Vignettes

Discussion

References

Section VI: Assessments and Research Models

Introduction

63 Assessment in Art Therapy

Historical Overview

Art Therapy Assessments: An Overview

References

Appendix: Domains of Art Therapy Assessments (not an exhaustive list)

64 Assessing Attachment Security through the Bird’s Nest Drawing (BND) and Accompanying Stories

Attachment Theory, Internal Working Models, and Attachment Security

The Bird’s Nest Drawing

The BND Story

Conclusion

References

Note

65 The Face Stimulus Assessment (FSA)

History and Development of the FSA

FSA Design

Administration

Reliability and Validity

Future Directions

References

Notes

66 Family Art Assessment

Introduction

Background

Kwiatkowska’s Family Art Evaluation (FAE)

Wadeson’s Couple Art Evaluation

Landgarten’s Family Art Assessment

Additional Family Art Assessments

Family Art Assessment Controversy

Multiple Approaches

Conclusion

References

67 The Levick Emotional and Cognitive Art Therapy Assessment (LECATA)

The Beginnings

Developing the LECATA Manual

Implementation within Miami‐Dade County Public Schools

Summary

References

68 Silver Drawing Test/The Draw A Story Assessment Procedures (SDT and DAS)

The Silver Drawing Test and The Draw A Story

Case Studies

Conclusion

References

69 The Diagnostic Drawing Series at Forty‐Five: Art Therapy Assessment and Research

Materials and Tasks

Assessment and Research

Tests of Validity and Reliability

Creating a Reliable Rating System

The Tri‐level Model

International Studies

Benefits of Using the DDS

Importance of Training

The Challenges Ahead

References

Notes

70 The Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS)

Answering a Challenge

An Overview of the PPAT and FEATS

Key Principles of the FEATS

Examples of Clinical Application

The FEATS Moving Forward

Cultural Competence

Children’s Rating Scales and Color Plates

Conclusions

References

Note

71 Assessments and Computer Technology

Computer Technology Relevant to Art Therapy

CATS for Art Evaluation

CATS for Art Interpretation

Discussion and Conclusion

References

72 The Need for Norms in Formal Art Therapy Assessment

A Promising Beginning

Persistent and Emerging Problems

Summary and Implications

References

73 Historical Review and Current Trends in Art Therapy Research

Historical View of Art Therapy Research

Trends in Contemporary Research

Research Education

Limitations of Art Therapy Research

Future of Art Therapy Research

References

74 A Case for Case Studies: More than Telling a Story

Different Considerations

Quantitative Case Studies

Art on Trial

—An Extensive Example

Conclusion

References

Note

75 Social Action Research Methods and Art Therapy

Introduction

Theoretical Framework

Situating Researcher Stance

Framing Research Questions

Participants, Collaborators, and Partners

Engaging in Analysis

Presenting Findings

Conclusion

References

76 Quantitative Investigations: Alternative Choices

Quasi‐Experimental Designs

Descriptive Research Designs

Correlational Research Designs

Longitudinal Research Designs

Historical Research Designs

Michael Revisited

Conclusion

References

77 Experimental and Control Group Research Designs

Setting Up an Experimental Study

Internal and External Validity

Single‐Variable and Factorial Designs

Single‐Variable Experimental Formats

Factorial Designs

Conclusion

References

78 Conducting Mixed Methods Research in Art Therapy

Advocating the Use of Mixed Methods Research in Art Therapy

Designing Mixed Methods Studies

Integration of Different Data Sources

Displaying Mixed Methods Research

Evaluating Art Therapy Mixed Method Studies for Rigor

Conclusion

References

79 Arts‐Based Research and Art Therapy

What is Arts‐Based Research?

Philosophical Perspectives: Worldview

Art Therapy and ABR

ABR Methods and Practices

Conclusion

References

Section VII: Art Therapy Around the World

Introduction

80 International Art Therapy

International Global Growth of the Profession

Cross‐Cultural Training and Practice

Summary

References

81 Art Therapy in Great Britain

Background Context

History of Art Therapy in Great Britain

First Period [1930–1959]: Art as Therapy in Hospitals

Second Period [1960–1979]: Social Change and the Formation of the Profession

Third Period [1980–1999]: Professional Recognition and Psychotherapeutic Influences

Fourth Period [since 2000]: Adaptations

Current Position and Horizons

References

82 Art Therapy in Canada: A Place‐based Métissage

Beginnings

Organizing an Art Therapy Profession

New Directions in Art Therapy in Canada

References

Notes

83 Art Therapy in Europe

Linguistic Obstacles

Problems of Definition

History

Professional Recognition

The Training Landscape

Professional Identity and Ownership

A New Phase

Appendix I

References

Notes

84 Art Therapy in Russia and Ukraine

Art Therapy in Russia and Ukraine

Understanding Historical and Social Contexts

Ukrainian Contexts and Practices

Summary

References

85 Art Therapy “Down Under”: Perspectives on the Profession from Australia, New Zealand

From ANATA, to ANZATA, to ANZACATA

Developing Literature

Developing Art Therapy in Australia and New Zealand

Australian and New Zealand Models of Practice

Promoting “Difference”

References

86 Art Therapy in Asia

86a Current Status of Korean Art Therapy

Korean Cultural Psychology

Characteristics of Korean Art

Challenges of Korean Art Therapy

Conclusion

References

86b Unus mundus: Eastern‐spirited and Western‐embodied Art Therapy Practice in Taiwan

Brief History

Jungian Theories as a Bridge

Case Vignette

Conclusion

References

Note

86c Ankur—Nurturing the Seedling: The Growth of Art Therapy in India

References

87 Mexico: Where Art Thou? Finding the Current State of Mexican Art Therapy Education and Practice

Political and Educational Context

Art Therapy Programs in Mexico: Historical Context

The Interview

In Conclusion: Mexico, Where Art Thou?

References

88 Latin American Art Therapy: Collective Dreams and Horizons of Hope

Socio‐political Context of Latin America

Pioneers of Latin American Art Therapy—From Psychiatric Clinics to Training Schools

Common Trends Challenges, Hopes, and Developments

References

Notes

89 Art Therapy in the Caribbean

Description of Caribbean Art Therapy Practice

Perceptions of Mental Health, Therapy, and Art Therapy

Cultural Factors that Affect the Art Therapy Process

Future of Art Therapy in the Caribbean

Acknowledgments

References

Notes

90 Family Art Therapy in the Caribbean: Healing through Creativity

Caribbean Family Systems

Challenges and Resilience in Caribbean Families

Caribbean Art: Reflection of Identity and Culture

Art Therapy with Caribbean Families

Recommendations for Family Art Therapists

References

Note

91 Art Therapy in Israel: Current Status and Future Directions for the Profession

Historical Overview

Current Situation: Regulation and Legal Status

Art Therapy in the Education System in Israel

Social Art Therapy in Israel

Innovative Research Directions

Conclusion

References

92 Art Therapy within Traditional Arab Culture

Art Therapy in the Arab World

Cultural Context of Art Therapy in Relation to Arab Culture

Hybrid Cultural Identity and Cultural Considerations for Art Therapists

Arts and Crafts Groups for Women as a Culturally Sanctioned Supportive and Empowering Space

Art Therapy with At‐Risk Arab Male Youths

Discussion

References

93 Art Therapy in Africa: Voices of Art Therapists in Africa

Mavis Osei (Ghana)

Sarah Kruger (Kenya)

Conclusion

References

Section VIII: Professional Considerations

Introduction

94 Art Therapy Education: A Creative Dialectic Intersubjective Approach

Philosophical Context

The Dialectical Stance

CDI Paradigm

Curricular and Pedagogical Components

Conclusion

References

95 Sustaining a Successful: Art Therapy Supervisory Relationship

Supervision: A General Overview

Post‐Graduate/Professional Credential Supervision

Seeking Art Therapy Credentials

Mentorship

Conclusion

References

96 Ethics in Art Therapy

What Is the Law? What Are Ethics? What Are Morals?

Principle Ethics, Virtue Ethics, Aspirational vs Mandatory Ethics

Ethical Principles for Art Therapists

Specific Ethical Considerations for Art Therapists

The Ethical Use of Art by Non‐Art Therapists

Professional Responsibility

References

97 Art Therapy and Career Development: Linking Purposes and Processes

Motivation and Mission

Importance of Career Development Throughout the Lifespan

What Do Career Professionals Do?

Lifespan Perspective

Assessment

Art and Creativity in Career Counseling

Art Therapist Engagement in Career Development

Preparation

Summary

References

98 Who Ate My Pie? Issues in Credentialing and Licensing for Art Therapy

The ABCs of Occupational Regulations

The Many Faces of Licensure

Challenges to Achieving Licensure

Who Ate My Pie? Master's‐Level Mental Health Professionals by the Numbers

Lessons Learned by Allied Professions

A Possible Solution: Duality for Reality

Editors' Note

Credentialing and Licensure Q&A

References

Notes

99 Social Media and Art Therapy

The Digital Age: The Rise of Art Therapy in Social Media

Contemporary Shifts in Art Therapy and Social Media

A Call for Action

References

100 Telehealth Art Therapy

Technology and Art Therapy

Potential Benefits of TAT

Challenges of TAT

Clinical Considerations

Conclusion

References

101 The Art and Science of Leadership for the Art Therapist

Conceptualizing Leadership

Leadership in Art Therapy: Connecting Courageously to our Practice

Finding and Harnessing Metaphors and Creativity

Bringing it All Together: Creating and Telling Our Own Leadership Journey Story

Awareness of Self, Moral Compass, and Non‐Negotiables: Eye on the Prize

Conclusion

References

Name Index

Subject Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 20

Table 20.1 Criteria for mystical experiences/art‐based connections...

Table 20.2 What can be pathological/regressive and what can be sac...

Table 20.3 Transpersonal methods/techniques.

Chapter 21

Table 21.1 Existential concerns and corresponding dialects.

Chapter 38

Table 38.1 Art therapy goals.

Table 38.2 ETC for older people.

Table 38.3 ETC for dementia.

Chapter 50

Table 50.1 Universal normative fears.

Chapter 52

Table 52.1 Adapted from Herman 1992.

Table 52.2 Continuum of Dissociation; Kolodny

Chapter 55

Table 55.1 Lay versus expert witness testimony.

Table 55.2 Forensic versus clinical roles.

Chapter 64

Table 64.1 The BND story rating system.

Table 64.2 Examples of BND drawings and stories.

Chapter 67

Table 67.1 Correlation of developmental lines of cognitive, artist...

Table 67.2 Correlation of developmental lines of cognitive, artist...

Table 67.3 Correlation of developmental lines of cognitive, artist...

Table 67.4 Correlation of average cognitive and average emotional ...

Chapter 70

Table 70.1 FEATS Scales.

Chapter 76

Table 76.1 Overview of non‐experimental research designs.

Chapter 77

Table 77.1 A pre‐experimental research design.

Table 77.2 A quasi‐experimental research design.

Table 77.3 A true experimental design.

Table 77.4 Solomon four‐group design.

Table 77.5

2 × 2 factorial design

.

Chapter 79

Table 79.1 Arts‐based research philosophical and methodological co...

Table 79.2 Art therapy and ABR philosophical and methodological co...

Chapter 96

Table 96.1 Sections of the 2011 AATA ethical principles for art th...

Table 96.2 Sections of the 2021 ATCB code of ethics, conduct, and ...

Chapter 101

Table 101.1 Aspects of art therapy that relate to leadership prac...

List of Illustrations

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Chris’ drawing of a battle between a tree and an alien....

Figure 3.2 Contract collage.

Figure 3.3 Cameras created in a group setting.

Figure 3.4 Box project created by an adult group.

Figure 3.5 A model for group art therapy.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Children identified strategies for steadying themselves...

Figure 6.2 Paper boats made by children and staff.

Figure 6.3 Children taped pictures of family members to weights; e...

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Schematic drawing of the expressive therapies continuum...

Figure 9.2 Automaton.

Figure 9.3 Decadron, automaton, and automaton’s son.

Figure 9.4 Finger painting of a volcano.

Figure 9.5 Final finger painting.

Figure 9.6 Representation of Robert’s sequence of visual expressio...

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Warning sign.

Figure 10.2 Dr. Rubin’s ugly face.

Figure 10.3 Jackie in art therapy.

Figure 10.4 Jackie’s goodbye valentine.

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Mixed media and collage.

Figure 12.2 Complex theory, conscious, and unconscious.

Figure 12.3 A red book process for countertransference.

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1 The Hexaflex shows the six core processes in ACT.

Figure 16.2 Liminal photograph by Oliver. Title: A staircase to t...

Figure 16.3 ACT hexaflex by Jocelyn Fitzgerald. Watercolor.

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1 Cycle of contact.

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1 Shawna’s art (45‐years‐old, with schizoaffective diso...

Figure 18.2 Shawna’s artwork reflecting wisdom, humanity, and spi...

Figure 18.3 Grace, 50‐years‐old, with depression/borderline trait...

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1 Painting by Isis.

Figure 19.2 Safety Mandala.

Figure 19.3 Body Outline.

Figure 19.4 Mask making.

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1 Painting by Florence Cane. Gift to Naropa University’...

Chapter 21

Figure 21.1 Balanced Chaos, collage on paper.

Figure 21.2 Pink Flower, watercolor on paper.

Chapter 23

Figure 23.1 Eric's torture chamber made of Styrofoam blocks and p...

Figure 23.2 Eric's Scorpion Anger Beast made from Model Magic.

Chapter 25

Figure 25.1 Feelings shattering a young woman's calm appearance....

Figure 25.2 Part of a mural painted at a senior center.

Figure 25.3 The Art/Hockey Alliance city construction project.

Figure 25.4 Confused identity of a Korean/American teenager.

Figure 25.5 “Babies Having Babies.”

Chapter 28

Figure 28.1 Self‐image created by a young woman engaged in treatm...

Figure 28.2 The Wayward Crow (detail), author, a second‐run monop...

Figure 28.3 The Blue Fern Book, author; an accordion book made fr...

Chapter 29

Figure 29.1 KC’s Sculpey (left) and JF’s purse emulsion (right)....

Figure 29.2 Seamstress box/scanning image /bookmark of twin mama/...

Figure 29.3 Family members (disguised via a filter in photoshop)....

Chapter 31

Figure 31.1 Dementia takes its toll. Example magazine photo colla...

Chapter 32

Figure 32.1 Elizabeth Graham, 2024, [Collage and Mixed Media. 24 ...

Figure 32.2 Elizabeth Graham, 2024, [Collage and Mixed Media. 24 ...

Chapter 33

Figure 33.1 “Captain Barbosa.”

Figure 33.2 “Talisman.”

Figure 33.3 “Good Bye.”

Chapter 35

Figure 35.1 Two‐year old patient’s baseline artwork.

Figure 35.2 Four‐year old sibling’s rainbow painting.

Figure 35.3 “Heart with an Owie!”.

Chapter 36

Figure 36.1 Marz’s drawings.

Figure 36.2 Talia’s drawings.

Figure 36.3 Michael’s drawings.

Chapter 37

Figure 37.1 This is me, I am. Self‐portrait.

Figure 37.2 Remembrance box.

Figure 37.3 Three clay pieces: “My pain,” “emotional emptiness,” ...

Figure 37.4 Life journey collage.

Chapter 38

Figure 38.1 Tissue paper group experience.

Figure 38.2 Lila’s art making experience.

Chapter 39

Figure 39.1 First Packer game.

Figure 39.2 “Major,” the cat.

Chapter 40

Figure 40.1 Have/Need Collage.

Figure 40.2 Solvable problem collage/front.

Figure 40.3 Solvable problem collage/back.

Chapter 41

Figure 41.1 Family genogram.

Figure 41.2 Kinetic family drawing.

Figure 41.3 Kinetic family drawing.

Figure 41.4 Family geometric drawing.

Figure 41.5 Family drawing.

Chapter 42

Figure 42.1 Acrylic on canvas, masking tape stencils, by hand.

Figure 42.2 Acrylic on canvas, tissue paper, toy car wheels rolle...

Chapter 43

Figure 43.1 T‐rex with a smile.

Figure 43.2 Therapist's clay face.

Chapter 45

Figure 45.1 The shapes drawing directions.

Figure 45.2 Progress report.

Figure 45.3 Nature mural, a tryptic.

Figure 45.4 My scattered head.

Figure 45.5 Japanese Brushwork.

Figure 45.6 Japanese Brushwork directions.

Chapter 47

Figure 47.1 Brandon’s kinetic house–tree–person drawing.

Figure 47.2 Darleen’s bridge drawing.

Figure 47.3 Rhonda’s bridge drawing.

Chapter 49

Figure 49.1 The freeze.

Figure 49.2 Self‐repair.

Figure 49.3 After.

Chapter 50

Figure 50.1 CPP Triangle of Explanation.

Figure 50.2 “Nikki Grace.”

Figure 50.3 House.

Chapter 51

Figure 51.1 Inside of a mask created by a woman veteran who had e...

Figure 51.2 Demonstration on non‐traditional, academic‐based writ...

Figure 51.3 Demonstration of different ways to emphasize parts of...

Chapter 52

Table 52.2 Continuum of Dissociation; Kolodny (based on Fisher 202...

Figure 52.1 The overlap of IFS and Structural Dissociation Roles ...

Figure 52.2 (a) “notice what you notice in and around your body…....

Figure 52.3 Watching herself cut her wrist.

Chapter 53

Figure 53.1 Table setting.

Figure 53.2 My big, beautiful self.

Chapter 54

Figure 54.1 Grief journey. BraveHeart in schools 2013.

Figure 54.2 Elliott free drawing. BraveHeart in schools 2013.

Figure 54.3 Elliott grief journey collage. BraveHeart in schools ...

Chapter 56

Figure 56.1 Name embellishment.

Figure 56.2 White paper sculpture.

Figure 56.3 Dream environment.

Chapter 57

Figure 57.1 A participant’s artwork from the Journey session.

Figure 57.2 An artwork from the session exploring the feeling of ...

Figure 57.3 A self‐portrait from a participant expressing shame....

Chapter 58

Figure 58.1 Following treatment for stomach cancer, J. S. complet...

Figure 58.2 Stroke patient, C. F., completed this drawing of a gr...

Figure 58.3

Stitching Our Lives Back Together

. Quilt created by m...

Chapter 60

Figure 60.1 “Your thoughts…”.

Figure 60.2 “Cloud Chart”.

Figure 60.3 “Loudemar Map”.

Chapter 61

Figure 61.1 Final exhibition.

Figure 61.2 Student work from pilot project.

Figure 61.3 Art exhibit from student practicum experience.

Chapter 62

Figure 62.1 Y's museum object choices relating to intersectional ...

Figure 62.2 Anime to identity exploration collage.

Figure 62.3 Anonymous' clay symbols.

Chapter 67

Figure 67.1 Five year, four‐month‐old female Seven year, ...

Figure 67.2 Ten year, eleven‐month‐old male Eleven year, ...

Figure 67.3 Seven year, eight‐month‐old male Eleven year,...

Figure 67.4 Nine year, one‐month‐old male Ten year, eleve...

Figure 67.5 Eight year, one‐month‐old male Ten‐year‐old f...

Chapter 68

Figure 68.1 Nicky’s SDT & DAS.

Figure 68.2 Clifford’s SDT.

Figure 68.3 Joey’s DAS.

Chapter 69

Figure 69.1 Free picture by 33‐year‐old man diagnosed with schizo...

Figure 69.2 Tree picture by 40‐year‐old woman diagnosed with diss...

Figure 69.3 Feeling picture by a 31‐year‐old woman diagnosed with...

Figure 69.4 Algorithm results can now compare one Series’ ratings...

Chapter 70

Figure 70.1 Clinical examples of PPATs pre‐ and post‐trauma treat...

Figure 70.2 Examples of children’s drawings.

Chapter 71

Figure 71.1 (a–f) Computer’s color recognition and edge extractio...

Figure 71.2 The common architecture of an expert system.

Figure 71.3 A DNN model for art interpretation of classification ...

Chapter 79

Figure 79.1 Victoria Scotti (2016) visual arts‐based research fin...

Chapter 81

Figure 81.1 Art therapy in Great Britain, 2023, Jill Westwood, 85...

Chapter 84

Figure 84.1 Russia and Ukraine: Before and After February 2022: G...

Chapter 86a

Figure 86.a.1 Jeong & Han by korean art therapists. (Hyejung Ki...

Figure 86.a.2 Great Gilt‐bronze Incense Burner of Baekje (6–7 A...

Figure 86.a.3 Chun Kwang Young, Aggregation 03‐BJ001, 450 cm di...

Chapter 86b

Figure 86.b.1 Process of joint scribble‐chase “Cannibal the Oth...

Figure 86.b.2 Jim's free drawing in session 125.

Chapter 90

Figure 90.1 Trinidadian family art.

Figure 90.2 Grenadian family art.

Chapter 93

Figure 93.1 Osei, M. “Carrying Multiple Identities” mixed media o...

Figure 93.2 Kruger, Liminal Identity, digital collage, 2024.

Chapter 97

Figure 97.1 Career‐focused genogram.

Note: Graphic symbols are ut

...

Figure 97.2 Career‐focused bridge of life—marker version.

Note: A

...

Figure 97.3 Career‐focused bridge of life—watercolor version.

Not

...

Chapter 98

Figure 98.1 Comparison of credentialed/licensed master's‐level me...

Chapter 101

Figure 101.1 A shell's journey.

Guide

Cover Page

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

In Memoriam

Editor Bios

Author Bios

Acknowledgements

List of Figures

List of Tables

Begin Reading

Name Index

Subject Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy

Second Edition

Edited by

David E. Gussak and Marcia L. Rosal

This edition first published 2026© 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition History© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence technologies or similar technologies. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of David E. Gussak and Marcia L. Rosal to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyWhile the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Applied for:

Hardback ISBN: 9781394214990ePDF ISBN: 9781394215010ePUB ISBN: 9781394215003oBook ISBN: 9781394215027

Cover Design: WileyCover Images: Lariza Fenner‐Lux; Elizabeth Graham Anderson, Mavis Osei and Marcia L. Rosal

In Memoriam

While working on the second edition of the handbook, we were saddened when we reflected on authors who contributed to the first edition who had since passed away. Aside from being well‐respected colleagues and friends, their contributions to the first edition added depth and weight. As we were developing the second edition, we wondered how best to honor these important art therapists and came to the realization that their chapters must remain in the second edition. Therefore, we reviewed and edited the chapters by these authors while still maintaining their original voice. Where some of these authors’ work required an update, we provided an addendum at the end of their chapters.

We would like to remember and honor these individuals and thank their families for their support in allowing us to keep their loved ones’ works alive:

Laura Greenstone

Maxine Borowsky Junge

Myra F. Levick

Vija B. Lusebrink

Joan Phillips

Harriet Wadeson

Their bios, included in the following section, were those used for the first edition, with minor amendments; each is signified with an asterisk next to their name.

We would also like to recognize Tally Tripp, who agreed to write the chapter on art therapy in Africa but was unable to do so due to her untimely passing in the spring of 2024.

In remembrance of each of these cherished authors.

Editor Bios

David E. Gussak, PhD, ATR‐BC, HLM, has been teaching in the Florida State University Art Therapy program for almost 25 years; for 10 of those years, he was the chairperson for the university’s Department of Art Education. Prior to this, he served as faculty and program director for Emporia State University’s Graduate Art Therapy program. He also provides numerous lectures and workshops for various educational programs around the world. Dr. Gussak has more than 30 years of clinical and practical experience; this includes various forensic systems, several correctional institutions and settings, a private practice, and serves as the project consultant for the FSU/Florida Department of Corrections Art Therapy in Prisons program. In 2025, Gussak developed and now serves as the Director of the Florida State University Institute for Art and Art Therapy with the Imprisoned (AATI).

He has presented extensively, both internationally and nationally on, amongst many topics, forensic art therapy and art therapy in forensic settings. Along with more than 50 journal and chapter publications, he has authored his own books, including Art on Trial: Art Therapy for Capital Murder Cases, Art and Art Therapy with the Imprisoned: Re‐Creating Identity, and, most recently The Frenzied Dance of Art and Violence (2022, Oxford University Press). For several years, he also maintained a blog for Psychology Today entitled “Art on Trial: Confessions of a Serial Art Therapist,” focusing on art therapy along the forensic continuum (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/art‐trial).

Dr. Gussak has served the art therapy community in many capacities, including as past board director for the American Art Therapy Association and treasurer of the Art Therapy Credentials Board. He currently sits on the editorial review board for Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association and Arts in Psychotherapy, and is a frequent guest editor for several others. In 2022, he was granted the American Art Therapy Association’s Honorary Lifetime Member (HLM) award.

Marcia L. Rosal, PhD, ATR‐BC, HLM, Professor Emerita, is the past director of the Florida State University’s (FSU) Art Therapy program. She received a master’s degree in Art Therapy from the University of Louisville and a doctorate in Educational Psychology from the University of Queensland. Prior to joining the faculty of FSU in 1999, Marcia taught for 14 years at the University of Louisville, where she received the 1998 Distinguished Teacher Award. She has been an adjunct or visiting professor in several other art therapy programs at various colleges and universities in the United States and abroad, including Australia, Britain, Latvia, South Korea, and Taiwan. In addition, she presented papers at state, national, and international conferences. She was a Fulbright Scholar (2008) in Taiwan where she conducted lectures and research. As a Fulbright Specialist (2014), she was a site reviewer for the Art Therapy program at Riga Stradins University, Latvia, where she also offered numerous lectures and workshops.

Dr. Rosal served as the executive secretary of the Kentucky Art Therapy Association for several years prior to moving to Florida. On the national level, she served on and chaired what is now called the Accreditation Council for Art Therapy Education (ACATE) of the American Art Therapy Association (AATA) and was active on several other committees prior to her election to the board of directors. Her 8‐year tenure on the board culminated with a 2‐year term as president (1991–2001). Dr. Rosal was appointed to serve as AATA’s liaison to the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP; 2016–2019) and was a site visitor for ACATE (2020–2022). She is on the editorial board of the journal The Arts in Psychotherapy, is an ad hoc reviewer for Art Therapy: Journal of the AATA, and was the founding editor of the Journal of Art for Life. She is also the author of Cognitive‐Behavioral Art Therapy: From Behaviorism to the Third Wave. [email protected].

Author Bios

Josie Abbenante, ATR‐BC, LPAT, practiced archetypal art therapy for 40 years. For 30 years, she taught in graduate art therapy programs, directing at the University of New Mexico and Seton Hill College. She coordinated and taught in the Pratt Institute summer program and taught for Eastern Virginia Medical School and Vermont College. Recently retired, she served an art therapist with the New Mexico School for the Deaf, the UNM Children’s Hospital, psychiatric facilities, drug counseling services, and in private practice. She has presented nationally and internationally on topics including archetypal art therapy, Deaf culture, art therapy, feminist theory, myth, and the language of esthetics and metaphor. Contact: [email protected]

Susan Ainlay Anand, MA, ATR‐BC, ATCS, LPAT, joined the faculty of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Mississippi Medical Center after receiving her MA in art therapy from New York University. She facilitates art therapy groups at the Mississippi Museum of Art for people with cancer, those with memory loss, and their caregivers. Susan is an adjunct faculty member of the MFA in Art Therapy program at MIT‐ADT University in Pune, India. She has published numerous journal articles and book chapters and co‐edited The Legacy of Edith Kramer: A Multifaceted View (Routledge, 2018) with Lani Gerity Glanville.

Frances E. Anderson, EdD, ATR‐BC, Distinguished Art Professor Emerita at Illinois State University and Affiliate Faculty, College of Charleston (SC), is a Founding Member of the American Art Therapy Association (AATA). Her service includes senior editor for Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, publications, research, and education chairs. Her first book, Art For All the Children, was seminal, focusing on art therapy (including adaptations) for children with mental and/or physical disabilities. She has authored over 50 articles, 3 books, and 40 grants, including 6 Fulbright awards to Argentina, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, and Greece. She is a clay artist and photographer. Contact: [email protected]

Paige Asawa, PhD, LMFT, ATR‐BC, CEPA, is an artist, author, educator, licensed marriage and family therapist, and board‐certified art therapist. She has been engaged in the therapeutic arts community for over 30 years. She received a BFA and an MA in Marital Family Therapy/Clinical Art Therapy. In 1992, she built a private practice, which she still maintains. She received her PhD in 2003 in interdisciplinary arts and sciences. For decades, she has supported art therapy education programs both nationally and internationally. She served as treasurer on the Board of Directors and has been twice awarded the “Clinician of the Year” by the American Art Therapy Association. Contact: [email protected]

Amy Backos, PhD, ATR‐BC, is a creativity expert and founder of the Art Therapy Center of San Francisco. With three decades of experience in trauma recovery, she presents at the local and national level, authored three art therapy text books, and hosts The Modern Creative Woman Podcast. Her research on trauma, creativity, and social justice is found in peer‐reviewed journals and she serves as a reviewer for the AATA journal. Her tenure includes past chair of art therapy at Notre Dame de Namur University, clinician and researcher at veteran hospitals, and clinical director at a rape crisis center. Contact: Instagram@dramybackos; [email protected]

Kevin Bailey received his MS in art therapy from Florida State University and has over 15 years of experience providing art therapy services in medical hospitals, outpatient therapy clinics, public school settings, and public and private intermediate care facilities for children and adults with developmental disabilities. He is currently employed as the Chief of Agency Operated Facilities for the Florida Agency for Persons with Disabilities. Kevin is the proud father of two amazing young men, one with a rare genetic developmental disorder who provided inspiration for this chapter. Contact: [email protected]

Meirav Bailey, LMFT, ATR,