Toothwear E-Book

Farid Khan

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 436

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

This is one of the first books to provide a clinically focussed account of the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of all forms of toothwear. Bringing together the latest research, it is compiled by international leaders in the field to create an essential clinical guide for dental practitioners. The book covers all forms of toothwear and dental erosion, and is presented in a practical format that allows for ease of reference and helps assimilate clinical information quickly. It defines the stages of toothwear, provides schematic approaches to allow better understanding of the key role that saliva plays, and highlights the differences between acid erosion and dental caries. Importantly for clinicians, it provides a framework for developing best practice management strategies by discussing diagnostic skills, treatment planning and therapeutic modalities. An essential resource based on a solid research platform, this book will provide dental clinical professionals with the missing links they seek to diagnose, prevent, manage, restore and rehabilitate the worn dentition more confidently. It will be of value to dentists, dental therapists, dental hygienists, and students in these areas. KEY FEATURES * Covers all forms of toothwear and dental erosion across all age-groups * Includes discussion of best practice management strategies * Discusses aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment in a clinical context * Contains many full colour clinical illustrations and schematic conceptualisations * Brings together the latest clinical views and research with a wide range of international contributors

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contributors

Foreword

Chapter 1: The multifactorial nature of toothwear

TOOTHWEAR PROCESSES

SALIVA PROTECTION

INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC ACIDS

EXAMINATION OF FACIAL, EXTRAORAL AND INTRAORAL SOFT TISSUES

TOOTHWEAR IN CHILDREN

TOOTHWEAR AND DENTAL CARIES

TOOTHWEAR – A MULTIFACTORIAL PROCESS

Chapter 2: Diagnosis and management of toothwear in children

CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF TOOTHWEAR IN CHILDREN

HISTORY-TAKING, ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS

CHILDREN AT INCREASED RISK FOR TOOTHWEAR

MANAGEMENT OF TOOTHWEAR IN CHILDREN

THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Chapter 3: Childhood diet and dental erosion

DENTAL EROSION IN CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND TEENAGERS

CONCERNS OF PATIENTS AND PARENTS

CLINICAL APPEARANCE OF DENTAL EROSION

DIETARY FINDINGS IN DENTAL EROSION

DENTAL EROSION AS A LIFESTYLE ISSUE

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PATIENTS TO REDUCE EROSION

DENTAL EROSION AND DENTAL CARIES COMPARED

DIETARY COUNSELLING FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

THE KEY MESSAGES

Chapter 4: The oral presentation of toothwear in adults

DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES

SURFACE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TOOTHWEAR AND SITE SPECIFICITY OF DENTAL CARIES

THE CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TOOTHWEAR

CHARTING TOOTHWEAR

APPLICATION OF THE STAGES OF WEAR TO DIAGNOSING TOOTHWEAR

UTILISING THE CHARTED ODONTOGRAM TO ASSESS PATIENT RISK

SUMMARY

Chapter 5: Salivary protection against toothwear and dental caries

FACTORS CAUSING TOOTHWEAR

FACTORS CAUSING DENTAL CARIES

WHY DOES A TOOTH DISSOLVE IN ACID?

SOURCES AND COMPONENTS OF SALIVA RELEVANT TO TOOTHWEAR AND CARIES

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 6: Dental diagnosis and the oral medicine of toothwear

THE APPROACH

MILD, MODERATE OR SEVERE TOOTHWEAR

COMPLAINT/DISCOVERY

DEVELOPMENT

ATTRITION

ABRASION

TOOTHBRUSHING

ORAL HYGIENE

DIET EROSION

GASTRIC EROSION

SPORTS AND SOCIAL

MEDICAL

ADDICTIONS, FIXATIONS AND CONFIDENTIALITY

THE CASES

SUMMARY

Chapter 7: Preventive and management strategies against toothwear

AIMING PREVENTION AT ALL AGES

LIFESTYLE, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS

THE WATCH STRATEGY

ADJUNCTIVE PRODUCTS

DIET DIARIES AND REVIEW

PATIENT'S REPORTING SENSITIVITY

TREATMENT PLANNING

THE REVIEW APPOINTMENT

SUMMARY

Chapter 8: Measurement of severity and progression of toothwear

NON-PARAMETRIC OR SEMI-PARAMETRIC APPROACHES

PARAMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF TOOTHWEAR

REPORTING TOOTHWEAR

THE CASES

Chapter 9: Biomaterials

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF BIOMATERIALS WEAR

CLINICAL WEAR PERFORMANCE OF BIOMATERIALS

COMMENTS ON SPECIAL WEAR SITUATIONS

Chapter 10: The role of toothwear in occlusion

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION

PATTERNS OF TOOTHWEAR ON ANTERIOR PALATAL AND POSTERIOR OCCLUSAL SURFACES AND ANGLE'S CLASSIFICATION

CONCLUSION

Chapter 11: Restoration of the worn dentition

TO RESTORE OR NOT TO RESTORE IS A CENTRAL QUESTION

PRE-RESTORATIVE TREATMENT – PREPARATION AND PLANNING

RESTORATIVE CHALLENGES

RESTORING THE STAGES OF WEAR

PATIENT DEMANDS, ASPIRATIONS, AESTHETICS AND CASE SELECTION

CONSERVATIVE RESTORATIVE OPTIONS FOR PARTIAL OR FULL-MOUTH OCCLUSAL RECONSTRUCTION

SUMMARY

Chapter 12: Rehabilitation of the worn dentition

PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES FOR REHABILITATING WORN DENTITIONS

CONCLUSION

Index

This edition first published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Toothwear : The ABC of the worn dentition / edited by Dr Farid Khan and Professor William George Young. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-3655-9 (paperback : alk. paper) 1. Teeth–Abrasion. I. Khan, Farid, editor. II. Young, William George, 1939- editor. [DNLM: 1. Tooth Wear–diagnosis. 2. Dental Restoration, Permanent–methods. 3. Tooth Wear–prevention & control. 4. Tooth Wear–rehabilitation. WU 210] RK307.T66 2011 617.6′075–dc22 2010047726

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444341119; ePub 9781444341126; Mobi 9781444341133

Contributors

Stephen C. Bayne Professor and Chair Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Gunnar E. Carlsson Emeritus Professor Department of Prosthetic Dentistry Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Göteborg, SE, Sweden

Colin Dawes Emeritus Professor Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada

William H. Douglas Emeritus Professor School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA

Anders Johansson Professor Department of Clinical Dentistry – Prosthodontics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen, Norway

Ann-Katrin Johansson Associate Professor Specialist in Pediatric Dentistry Chairman Department of Clinical Dentistry – Cariology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen, Norway

Farid Khan Director Queensland Dental Group™ Indooroopilly Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Adrian Lussi Professor Director Department of Preventive, Restorative, and Pediatric Dentistry University of Bern Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland

Louise Brearley Messer Emeritus Professor Paediatric Dentistry Melbourne Dental School University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia

Ian Meyers Professor School of Dentistry University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Ridwaan Omar Professor Department of Restorative Sciences Head of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Kuwait University Safat, Kuwait

W. Kim Seow Professor Director Centre for Paediatric Dentistry Research and Training School of Dentistry University of Queensland Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Sue Taji Specialist in Paediatric Dentistry Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

William G. Young Associate Professor Oral Pathologist Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Foreword

In recent decades there has been a remarkable caries decline in developed countries. This is mainly due to improved oral hygiene and fluorides. During the same period, people with high awareness of health have changed their dietary habits. Nowadays, more acidic drinks and juices are consumed compared with a few decades ago. These changes and other factors have led to an increased loss of dental hard tissue such as toothwear.

Toothwear is a multifactorial condition of growing concern to the clinician. Only a few books have been published, collecting comprehensive knowledge about this subject. The present book is one of them.

The 12 chapters of the book cover important aspects of toothwear, from childhood to adults. It covers not only the multifactorial nature of toothwear but also the diagnosis and prevention of it. Four chapters are dedicated to restorative aspects, dental materials, occlusal problems and rehabilitation procedures.

The task of bringing together the current knowledge of toothwear is not easy, but has been perfectly accomplished in this book. It gives guidelines to practitioners, dental students and teachers.

Professor Adrian Lussi University of Bern Switzerland

1

The multifactorial nature of toothwear

Farid Khan and William G. Young

TOOTHWEAR PROCESSES

Attrition, erosion and abrasion describe wear processes (Fig. 1.1). Attrition involves two-surface (tooth-to-tooth) wear. Erosion, less commonly referred to as corrosion, results from acidic dissolution of mineralised tooth structure. Abrasion on a surface comprises wear from externally applied particles or objects.

When a patient presents with a heavily worn dentition (Fig. 1.2), the clinician considers whether the toothwear processes have involved elements of attrition, erosion or abrasion. Whilst the wear facets identified on the lower anterior teeth suggest attrition, numerous high margins on restorations point to involvement of erosion, removing tooth structure adjacent to these restorations. Demineralisation of tooth structure further predisposes to abrasion as evident in cervical regions, many of which have previously been restored. Since placement of these restorations, toothwear processes have continued. This case highlights that interrelationships exist between toothwear processes which potentiate one another.

Although the processes of attrition, erosion and abrasion can be simulated under laboratory conditions, clinically these processes do not occur independently (Fig. 1.3). The coarse particles of foods in primitive diets potentiated the wear facets (Young 1998) of attrition by abrasion (Fig. 1.3a). Modern diets lack such abrasives; however, oral acids that cause erosion demineralise enamel and dentine, potentiating attrition and abrasion (Figs. 1.3b & c). A recent literature review on erosion noted that dietary acids are considered by many researchers probably to be the most common cause of acid erosion (Bartlett 2009). Exaggerated wear facets are the first sign of erosion-potentiated attrition in young adults’ permanent teeth. Toothbrush and toothpaste combinations are important considerations, particularly in patients in whom dental erosion has also been identified, for abrasiveness becomes potentiated when tooth structure is demineralised. A combination of these two processes can lead to severe toothwear (Fig. 1.4). When used on demineralised tooth structure, abrasion from routine use of standard toothbrushes and toothpaste formulations is significant, whilst in the absence of erosion, it is considered to be minimal (Addy 2005). Attritional facets and cuspal-cupped lesions can be found on the same tooth (Fig. 1.5). This suggests that the wear facet worn by the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar has been potentiated or exaggerated by occlusal erosion that has produced the cuspal-cupped lesions. Moreover, erosion has produced the shallow cervical lesion on the buccal surface of this tooth possibly potentiated by toothbrush abrasion.

Figure 1.1 The processes of attrition, erosion and abrasion: (a) Attrition is wear between two tooth surfaces. (b) Erosion is tooth surface loss from acids. (c) Abrasion is loss of tooth surface from a foreign body.