Tropical Medicine E-Book

Nick Beeching

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Lecture Notes
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 968

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Providing a comprehensive introduction to the study of tropical medicine, this new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include new content and more illustrations and clinical photographs to aid understanding. Now fully supported by a companion website containing hundreds of interactive multiple-choice questions, and available in a range of digital formats, Tropical Medicine Lecture Notes is the perfect resource for study and revision, and is the ideal companion for those practising medicine in tropical and sub-tropical regions.

• New edition of the best-selling tropical medicine textbook
• Brand new chapters covering Ophthalmology and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
• Increased coverage of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
• More colour illustrations and photographs for greater clarity and understanding
• Fully supported by a companion website at www.lecturenoteseries.com/tropicalmed containing figures and summaries from the book in PowerPoint format, and hundreds of interactive MCQs (written by Dom Colbert)
• Now available in a range of digital formats - perfect for on-the-go study and clinical practice

Leseprobe

This title is also available as an e-book. For more details, please seewww.wiley.com/buy/9780470658536 or scan this QR code:

Tropical Medicine

Lecture Notes

Edited by

Nick Beeching

Senior Lecturer in Infectious Diseases Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool, UK

Geoff Gill

Emeritus Professor of International Medicine Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool, UK

Seventh Edition

This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Previous editions: 1981, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2004, 2009

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lecture notes. Tropical medicine. – Seventh edition / edited by Nick Beeching, Geoff Gill.    p. ; cm.    Tropical medicine    Includes bibliographical references and index.    ISBN 978-0-470-65853-6 (pbk.) – ISBN 978-1-118-73452-0 – ISBN 978-1-118-73453-7 – ISBN 978-1-118-73454-4 (eMobi) – ISBN 978-1-118-73455-1 (ePdf) – ISBN 978-1-118-73456-8 (ePub)    I. Beeching, N., editor of compilation. II. Gill, Geoffrey V., editor of compilation. III. Title: Tropical medicine.    [DNLM: 1. Tropical Medicine. WC 680]    RC961    616.9’883–dc23

2013024789

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: iStock: world map © Pavel Khorenyan; mosquito © James Benet

Cover design by Grounded Design

CONTENTS

Contributors

Preface

List of abbreviations

How to use your textbook

About the companion website

Part 1: A general approach to syndromes/symptom complexes

1 Gastrointestinal presentations

Dysphagia/odynophagia

Haematemesis

Abdominal pain

Malabsorption

Diarrhoea

Further Reading

2 Respiratory presentations

Assessment

Investigation of respiratory disease

Common presentations

Respiratory disease and HIV

Further Reading

3 Neurological presentations

Reasons for increased incidence of neurological disorders in the tropics

Rapid assessment of patient with coma in the tropics

Classification and further investigation of patients with coma

Indications and contraindications for lumbar puncture in suspected CNS infections (Table 3.4)

Further Reading

4 Febrile presentations

Pathogenesis and symptomatic treatment of fever

Clinical approach to the patient with fever

Acute fevers with a negative malarial blood film

Treatment of common causes of fever lasting <2 weeks

Common non-infectious causes of fever

Common causes of fever lasting >2 weeks

Common clinical problems with febrile patients

Further Reading

5 Dermatological presentations

Skin ulcers

Skin itching

Creeping eruptions

Papules

Skin nodules

Changes in pigmentation

Urticaria

Vesicles and bullae

Petechial rashes

Further Reading

6 The patient with anaemia

Causes of anaemia

Clinical diagnosis of anaemia

Laboratory investigations

Management of anaemia in the absence of a laboratory

Blood transfusion in developing countries

Further Reading

7 A syndromic approach to sexually transmitted infections

The need for a public health approach

Syndromic management

Local adaptations

How to use the flowcharts

The nine elements of case management and the ‘five C’s’ of syndromic management

Advantages of syndromic management

Disadvantages of syndromic management

HIV testing in STI clinics

Further Reading

8 Splenomegaly in the tropics

Reasons for enlarged spleens

Massive tropical splenomegaly

Hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly

Splenectomy in the tropics

Further Reading

Part 2: Major tropical infections

9 Malaria

Malaria epidemiology

Life-cycle

Malaria immunity and other determinants of disease severity

Clinical features

Malaria in pregnancy

Malaria diagnosis

Treatment

Drugs to treat falciparum malaria

Treatment recommendations

Treatment of malaria in pregnancy

Pharmacokinetic interactions between antimalarials and other drugs

Malaria control and eradication

Malaria prevention for travellers

Further Reading

10 Visceral leishmaniasis

Epidemiology

Parasite and life-cycle

Clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis

Differential diagnosis of splenomegaly

Viscerotropic leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection

Investigations

Management

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)

Prevention

Further Reading

11 Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Clinical features

Investigations

Management

Choosing the most appropriate treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis

Prevention

Further Reading

12 Tuberculosis

Microbiology

Epidemiology

Clinical features

Investigations

Management

Prevention and public health aspects

Future developments

Further Reading

13 HIV infection and disease in the tropics

The viruses

Differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2

HIV testing and counselling

Epidemiology

Transmission

Pathogenesis of HIV infection

Staging HIV disease

Natural history

Clinical problems in adults

Prophylaxis

Antiretroviral therapy

Paediatric HIV infection

Control strategies

Further Reading

14 Onchocerciasis, filariasis and loiasis

Introduction

Onchocerciasis

Filariasis

Loiasis

Further Reading

15 African trypanosomiasis

Parasites

Life-cycle

Disease

Clinical picture

Diagnosis

Treatment

Epidemiology

Sleeping sickness control and surveillance

Further Reading

16 South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease)

Parasite, life-cycle and pathogenesis

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Epidemiology and control

Further Reading

17 Schistosomiasis

Parasitology

Epidemiology

Clinicopathological features

Investigation

Management

Prevention and public health aspects

Future developments

Further Reading

18 Leprosy

Epidemiology

Microbiology

Immune response in leprosy

Clinical features

Leprosy classification

Diagnosis

Management

Prevention of disability

Control and prevention

Further Reading

Part 3: Other tropical diseases

19 Amoebiasis

Introduction and epidemiology

Parasite and life-cycle

Pathogenesis

Clinical features

Investigations

Management

Prevention and public health aspects

Recent developments

Further Reading

20 Bacillary dysentery

Microbiology and epidemiology

Clinical features

Investigation

Management

Prevention and public health aspects

Further Reading

21 Cholera

Microbiology and pathogenesis

Epidemiology

Control of cholera and prevention

Further Reading

22 Giardiasis and other intestinal protozoal infections

Giardiasis

Other intestinal protozoa of importance

Further Reading

23 Intestinal cestode infections (tapeworms) including cysticercosis

Tapeworms

Cysticercosis

Other intestinal cestode infections

Management of intestinal cestode infections

Prevention and public health aspects

Further Reading

24 Soil-transmitted helminths

Ascariasis

Hookworm

Trichuriasis

Toxocariasis

Further Reading

25 Viral hepatitis

General clinicoepidemiological features

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B immunization

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis E

Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma)

Further Reading

26 Liver and intestinal flukes

Liver flukes

Oriental liver flukes

Intestinal flukes

Recent Developments in Diagnosis

Further Reading

27 Hydatid disease

Echinococcus granulosus

(hydatid cyst disease)

Echinococcus multilocularis

(alveolar hydatid disease)

Further Reading

28 Pneumonia

Epidemiology

Microbiology

Risk factors for pneumonia

Clinical features

Investigations

Management

Prevention

Future developments

Further Reading

29 Lung flukes

Life-cycle

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Further Reading

30 Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

Epidemiology

Clinical features

Investigation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Further Reading

31 Pyogenic meningitis

Epidemiology

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Management

Epidemic control (meningococcus)

Further Reading

32 Cryptococcal meningitis

Organism and epidemiology

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Further Reading

33 Encephalitis

Causes of encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis

West Nile virus

St Louis encephalitis virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus

Murray Valley encephalitis virus

Equine encephalitis viruses

La Crosse virus

Management of patients with encephalitis

Further Reading

34 Acute flaccid paralysis

Pathophysiology and clinical presentations

Further Reading

35 Spastic paralysis

Causes and anatomy

Assessment of the patient with spastic paralysis

Important tropical causes of spastic paralysis

Spinal epidural abscess

Further Reading

36 Rabies

Rabies in the dog

Rabies in other animals

Clinical features in humans

Diagnosis

Treatment

Postexposure treatment

Postexposure vaccine regimens

Pre-exposure immunization

Prevention of rabies

Further Reading

37 Tetanus

Bacteriology and pathogenesis

Clinical manifestations

Diagnosis

Treatment

Epidemiology and prevention

Further Reading

38 Brucellosis

Epidemiology

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Treatment

Follow-up

Public health aspects

Further Reading

39 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers

Organisms

Mode of infection

Typhoid fever

Diagnosis

Treatment

Carrier state

Typhoid vaccine

Paratyphoid A and B

Paratyphoid C

Further Reading

40 Arboviruses

Vectors and hosts

Clinical syndromes

Further Reading

41 Viral haemorrhagic fevers

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Management

Identifying VHF in the febrile patient