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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
In today’s world, many organizations have decided to move to secure and stable VDI platforms to benefit their organization to meet their security needs. To meet an organization’s requirements, Citrix XenDesktop serves as the best desktop virtualization solution available, providing the optimum user experience.
Troubleshooting Citrix XenDesktop is a single resource guide that will help you dig deep into all the technical issues you encounter to resolve them using an autonomous and well-defined approach.
The book starts by walking you through the XenDesktop architecture and the troubleshooting toolkit for Citrix XenDesktop. The subsequent chapters will help you identify possible causes of various types of Citrix XenDesktop problems that may arise while installing, configuring, or troubleshooting day-to-day problems. You will also be dealing with the most common and important VDA registration problems that you might often face while working with the XenDesktop product suite. Additionally, you will resolve issues that arise while launching Citrix sessions, troubleshoot performance issues, and learn how to integrate Citrix NetScaler with your XenDesktop environment.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Table of Contents
Troubleshooting Citrix XenDesktop®
Troubleshooting Citrix XenDesktop®
Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: October 2015
Production reference: 1201015
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78528-013-9
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Notice
The statements made and opinions expressed herein belong exclusively to the author and reviewers of this publication, and are not shared by or represent the viewpoint of Citrix Systems®, Inc. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any product, service, or point of view. Citrix® makes no representations, warranties or assurances of any kind, express or implied, as to the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, availability, or currency of the content contained in this publication or any material related to this publication. Any reliance you place on such content is strictly at your own risk. In no event shall Citrix®, its agents, officers, employees, licensees, or affiliates be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of profits, business information, or loss of information) arising out of the information or statements contained in the publication, even if Citrix® has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damages.
Citrix®, Citrix Systems®, XenApp®, XenDesktop®, and CloudPortal™ are trademarks of Citrix Systems®, Inc. and/or one or more of its subsidiaries, and may be registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries.
Some of the images in the chapters are taken from the Citrix® website and documentation.
Credits
Author
Gurpinder Singh
Reviewers
Mayur Arvind Makwana
Puthiyavan Udayakumar
Commissioning Editor
Dipika Gaonkar
Acquisition Editor
Larissa Pinto
Content Development Editor
Neeshma Ramakrishnan
Technical Editor
Taabish Khan
Copy Editor
Sneha Singh
Project Coordinator
Shweta H Birwatkar
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Safis Editing
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Hemangini Bari
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Nitesh Thakur
Cover Work
Nitesh Thakur
About the Author
Gurpinder Singh is an IT consultant with more than eight years of experience in the field of information technology. He has played various roles ranging from desktop support and system administration to virtualization expert with multiple Indian MNCs while working for clients all over the world.
He holds various enterprise renowned certifications from Microsoft and Citrix for managing, implementing, and troubleshooting Windows Server and Citrix virtualization products. During his eight years of work, he has worked for multiple global clients where he got the chance to work on projects that involved implementing high-end and complex virtualization projects.
He currently works for a large Indian IT MNC as a Citrix consultant and is involved in medium-to-large Citrix virtualization projects.
About the Reviewers
Mayur Arvind Makwana is a software IT specialist who holds a degree in computer engineering from India and has more than six years of experience in the field of information technology, covering Microsoft, Citrix, and VMware technologies. He is currently working on infrastructure operations for a Citrix (XenApp®/XenDesktop®) and Windows (WSUS/SCCM) project at one of the leading Fortune 500 companies. He is a huge believer in certification. His current certifications include the following:
Mayur writes technical blogs on www.all-about-software-applications-repackaging.com. He has attended several courses and conducted training on topics such as the following:
He has also reviewed the following technical books for Packt Publishing:
I would like to thank my mom, Beena Makwana, who has always encouraged me to utilize my potential and help people by sharing my expertise and knowledge. Thanks to the Packt Publishing team for giving me this opportunity.
Puthiyavan Udayakumar has more than eight years of IT experience and has expertise in areas such as Citrix, VMware, Microsoft products, and Apache CloudStack. He has extensive experience in the field of designing and implementing virtualization solutions using various Citrix, VMware, and Microsoft products. He is an IBM Certified Solution Architect and a Citrix Certified Enterprise Engineer and has more than 16 certifications in infrastructure products. He has authored Getting Started with Citrix CloudPortal™, Getting Started with Citrix Provisioning Services™ 7.0, VMware vSphere Network Virtualization Recipe Book, and VMware vSphere Design Essentials. He holds a master's degree in science with a specialization in system software from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani. He also has a bachelor's degree in engineering from SKR Engineering College, affiliated to the Anna University. He has also received a national award from the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE). He has presented various research papers that follow the IEEE pattern at more than 15 national and international conferences, including IADIS (held in Dublin, Ireland).
I would like thank Packt for giving me the opportunity to review this book.
Good luck to Packt and the author of this book.
www.PacktPub.com
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Preface
Citrix XenDesktop® is the leading solution of desktop virtualization that provides users with access to their favorite apps and desktops on any device, anywhere using Citrix Receiver™.
XenDesktop® brings the applications and desktops to the user in a bundle, presented and arranged in the form of catalogs. The user either needs a basic office application or a high-end engineering application that runs on a hosted desktop environment and it requires a proper planning of the network, server, and storage pieces to make it a successful VDI deployment.
Due to involvement of multiple layers in the XenDesktop® infrastructure design, it becomes essential for Citrix administrators to have a good understanding of these infrastructure pieces in order to manage and maintain the XenDesktop® environment.
This practical guide will give you clear, concise, and real-world troubleshooting instructions on a number of commonly faced Citrix XenDesktop® problems.
This book will provide you with the fundamental knowledge on desktop virtualization and XenDesktop® architecture. Each chapter in this book is focused on a specific troubleshooting area giving the users some time to learn and apply relevant tools and practices to troubleshoot the problems with a well-defined approach.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started – Understanding Citrix XenDesktop® and its Architecture, provides a basic understanding of desktop virtualization concepts, architecture, new features in XenDesktop® 7.x, and XenDesktop® delivery models based on the FlexCast® technology involving Machine Creation Services and Provisioning Services™.
Chapter 2, Troubleshooting Toolkit for Citrix XenDesktop®, discusses all the tools that can help us in troubleshooting a Citrix XenDesktop® environment. We will also learn the importance of implementing these tools for different troubleshooting methodologies within the scope of XenDesktop® environments.
Chapter 3, Getting Around Installation Issues, discusses the troubleshooting of different installation issues arising in a XenDesktop® environment.
Chapter 4, Overcoming VDA Registration Problems, focuses on acquiring skills related to the VDA registration process and troubleshooting different kinds of VDA registration problems that you may encounter in a XenDesktop® environment.
Chapter 5, Conquering Citrix Session Launch Difficulties, focuses on learning the VDA launch process and its related problem areas that can help a Citrix administrator in troubleshooting different kinds of VDA launch problems that they may encounter in a XenDesktop® environment.
Chapter 6, Surpassing XenDesktop® Service Issues, explains the XenDesktop® services architecture and develops essential skills required to troubleshoot any service-related issues that arise in your XenDesktop® environment.
Chapter 7, Troubleshooting Performance, focuses on the basics of performance parameters, details on sizing for environment, and troubleshooting performance issues using Citrix and third-party tools.
Chapter 8, Solving Printing Issues, shows the basics of setting up the Citrix printing architecture, configuring printing policies, and troubleshooting printing issues.
Chapter 9, Getting the Better of HDX™ MediaStream Challenges, focuses on Citrix XenDesktop® HDX™ policies and their configuration, which is the key area to optimize performance in any XenDesktop® deployment.
Chapter 10, Taming MCS and PVS™ Setbacks Gracefully, focuses on troubleshooting common Machine Creation Services and Provisioning Services™ configuration issues that may arise in your Citrix XenDesktop® environment's daily operations.
Chapter 11, Troubleshooting NetScaler® Integration Issues, focuses on troubleshooting some common issues that you may encounter while integrating Citrix NetScaler® with your XenDesktop® environment to enable remote access for users.
Chapter 12, Dealing with Known Issues in Citrix XenDesktop®, highlights some general issues that have been identified and recorded by Citrix in their database that every admin must be aware of before starting with the troubleshooting of other Citrix XenDesktop® issues.
What you need for this book
The various software required to perform troubleshooting are as follows:
Who this book is for
Troubleshooting Citrix XenDesktop® is intended to be an ultimate resource guide for all Citrix administrators or Citrix engineers who are working on Citrix XenDesktop® and have an intermediate to advance level of experience in designing, implementing, and troubleshooting the Citrix XenDesktop® product suite. Apart from Citrix XenDesktop®, the intended audience should have a good understanding and experience of Windows servers, Active Directory GPOs, DNS, DHCP, user profiles, Citrix XenApp®, Citrix Provisioning Services™, and related technical skills.
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Chapter 1. Getting Started – Understanding Citrix XenDesktop® and its Architecture
Before we get involved in learning the tools and concepts required for troubleshooting the Citrix XenDesktop environment, it's always a good idea to start from the basics. So, let's take a look at the basic concepts of XenDesktop and its architecture. Citrix XenDesktop is an Enterprise-grade application and desktop virtualization solution that gives Citrix administrators the ability to centrally manage and host applications and virtual machines in a datacenter while delivering to endusers a complete desktop high-definition (HDX) experience.
Note
HDX technology provides users with a high-definition experience for virtual apps and desktops, on any device or network with enhancements to work with voice, video, and 3D-graphics applications.
In a traditional desktop environment, system administrators often tend to restrict certain users from having administrative privileges to install and uninstall personal sets of software on the office desktops. To centrally manage the environment and enterprise applications, many system administrators often choose a terminal server environment to provide a stable and lockdown desktop environment using Citrix XenApp.
Desktop virtualization provides many advantages that are similar to the terminal server environment with additional features and the flexibility to lock down images using the shared image concept and persistent desktops for users who like to have administrative rights on their desktops.
In this chapter, we will cover:
Desktop virtualization
Wikipedia describes desktop virtualization as follows:
Desktop virtualization is a technology that separates the desktop environment hosted on a physical server in a Data Center from the client machine that is used by an end user to access it.
In traditional desktop environments, computers run an operating system where applications are executed and the user interface is displayed on the computer screen. By introducing desktop virtualization, you can set up the desktop environment in such a way that it doesn't have any direct link between the physical layer, operating system, application software, and display.
Desktop virtualization based on Citrix XenDesktop works on a client-server model where users access virtual desktops hosted on a centrally managed physical host in a datacenter, as shown in the following diagram:
Desktop virtualization based on XenDesktop provides multiple benefits that are listed as follows:
There are several vendors available to choose a desktop virtualization solution from, depending upon the organizational evaluation, needs, and requirements. Citrix is the market leader in application and desktop virtualization and has been in this area for almost the last two decades and is ruling it with its well-known product XenDesktop for desktop virtualization, which was officially released in the year 2007 as XenDesktop 2.0.
Hosted Shared Desktops (HSD) versus Hosted Virtual Desktops (HVD)
Instead of going through the XenDesktop architecture, we would like to explain the difference between the two desktop delivery platforms HSD and HVD. This is a common question that is asked by every system administrator whenever there is a discussion on the most suitable desktop delivery platform for the enterprises.
The selection of the desktop delivery platform depends on the requirements of the enterprise. Some choose Hosted Shared Desktops or server-based computing (XenApp) over Hosted Virtual Desktop (XenDesktop), where a single server desktop is shared between multiple users and the environment is locked using Active Directory GPOs.
XenApp is a cost-effective platform as compared to XenDesktop and many small to mid-sized enterprises prefer to choose XenApp due to its cost benefits and less complexity.
However, the preceding model does pose some risks to the environment as the same server is being shared by multiple users and a proper design plan is required to configure a proper HSD or XenApp published desktop environment.
Many enterprises have security and other user-level dependencies where they prefer to go with Hosted Virtual Desktop solutions. Hosted Virtual Desktop or XenDesktop runs on the Windows 7 or Windows 8 operating system as a virtual machine hosted on a datacenter. In this model, a single user connects to a single desktop and, therefore, there is a very low risk of the desktop configuration getting impacted for all users.
Note
XenDesktop 7.x and the preceding versions also enable you to deliver server-based desktops (HSD) along with HVD in one product suite. XenDesktop also provides HVD pooled desktops that work on a shared OS image concept that is similar to the HSD desktops with a difference of running a desktop operating system instead of a server operating system.
Let's take a look at the following table that will provide you with a fair idea of the requirements and recommendations of both the delivery platforms for your enterprise:
Customer Requirement
Delivery Platform
The user base needs to work on one or two applications and often need not do any updates or installations on their own.
Hosted Shared Desktop
The user base works on their own core set of applications for which they need to change system-level settings, installations, and so on.
Hosted Virtual Desktops (dedicated)
The user base works on MS Office and other content creation tools.
Hosted Shared Desktop
The user base needs to work on CPU and graphic-intensive applications that requires video rendering.
Hosted Virtual Desktop (Blade PCs)
The user base needs to have admin privileges to work on specific sets of applications.
Hosted Virtual Desktop (pooled)
You can always have a mixed set of desktop delivery platforms in your environment focused on the customer requirements.
The Citrix FlexCast® delivery technology
Citrix FlexCast is a delivery technology that allows the Citrix administrator to personalize virtual desktops to meet the performance, security, and flexibility requirements of endusers.
There are different types of user requirements; some need standard desktops with a standard set of apps while others require high-performance personalized desktops. Citrix has come up with a solution to meet these demands with the Citrix FlexCast technology.
You can deliver any kind of virtual desktop with the FlexCast technology; there are five different categories in which FlexCast models are available:
Note
A detailed discussion on these models is beyond the scope of this book. However, I have explained the difference between the Hosted Shared versus Hosted Virtual Desktop models in the last section. To read more about the FlexCast models, visit http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX139331.
The modular framework architecture
To understand the
