Veterinary Head and Neck Imaging E-Book

Peter V. Scrivani

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1568

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

A complete, all-in-one resource for head and neck imaging in dogs, cats, and horses

Veterinary Head and Neck Imaging is a comprehensive reference for the diagnostic imaging of the head and neck in dogs, cats, and horses. The book provides a multimodality, comparative approach to neuromusculoskeletal, splanchnic, and sense organ imaging. It thoroughly covers the underlying morphology of the head and neck and offers an integrated approach to understanding image interpretation.

Each chapter covers a different area and discusses developmental anatomy, gross anatomy, and imaging anatomy, as well as the physical limitations of different modalities and functional imaging. Commonly encountered diseases are covered at length.

Veterinary Head and Neck Imaging includes all relevant information from each modality and discusses multi-modality approaches. The book also includes:

• A thorough introduction to the principles of veterinary head and neck imaging, including imaging technology, interpretation principles, and the anatomic organization of the head and neck
• Comprehensive explorations of musculoskeletal system and intervertebral disk imaging, including discussions of degenerative diseases, inflammation, and diskospondylitis
• Practical discussions of brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid and meninges imaging, including discussions of trauma, vascular, and neoplastic diseases
• In-depth treatments of peripheral nerve, arterial, venous and lymphatic, respiratory, and digestive system imaging

Veterinary Head and Neck Imaging is a must-have resource for veterinary imaging specialists and veterinary neurologists, as well as for general veterinary practitioners with a particular interest in head and neck imaging.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication Page

Preface

Section 1: Introduction to Head and Neck Imaging in Animals

1 Some Basic Concepts About Head and Neck Anatomy

1.1 Terms of Location, Orientation, and Movement

1.2 External Features of the Head and Neck

1.3 Overview of Neuroanatomic Localization During Neuroimaging

References

2 Some Basic Concepts about Medical Imaging

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Medical Imaging Devices

2.3 The Medical Image

2.4 Image Evaluation

References

Section 2: Musculoskeletal Imaging

3 The Musculoskeletal System

3.1 Imaging Anatomy

3.2 Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

References

4 Intervertebral Disks

4.1 Imaging Anatomy

4.2 Intervertebral Disk Abnormalities

References

Section 3: Nervous System Imaging

5 Cerebrospinal Fluid

5.1 Imaging Anatomy

5.2 CSF Production, Absorption, and Flow

5.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities

References

6 The Central Nervous System

6.1 Imaging Anatomy

6.2 Brain and Spinal‐Cord Abnormalities

References

7 The Peripheral Nervous System

7.1 Imaging Anatomy

7.2 Peripheral Nerve Abnormalities

References

Section 4: Splanchnic (Viscera), Vascular, and Sense Organ Imaging

8 The Digestive System

8.1 Imaging Anatomy

8.2 Digestive Track Abnormalities

References

9 The Respiratory System

9.1 Imaging Anatomy

9.2 Respiratory Track Abnormalities

References

10 Sense Organs, Circulatory System, and Endocrine System

10.1 Imaging Anatomy

10.2 Orbital Disorders

10.3 Ear Disorders

10.4 Circulatory and Endocrine Disorders

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Anatomic planes for the head and neck in people and quadrupeds. I...

Table 1.2 Brain organization. The five primary brain divisions are bolded. Synony...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Imaging technologies and tissue characteristics. These basic tiss...

Table 2.2 Descriptive grayscale terms by modality.

Chapter 3

Table 3.1 Bones of the head and neck.

Table 3.2 Muscle groups and innervation.

Table 3.3 Summary of neck muscles.

Table 3.4 Fascial compartments. Some compartments are paired (left and right) and...

Table 3.5 Modic changes. Modic changes are a valuable shorthand for reporting MRI...

Chapter 6

Table 6.1 Some causes of intracranial hypertension [46].

Table 6.2 Diffusion weighted imaging.

Table 6.3 Imaging appearance of hematomata in people [214].

Table 6.4 Traumatic CNS lesions.

Table 6.5 Cancer classification.

Table 6.6 Some intracranial neoplasms of nervous tissue by axis location. A...

Table 6.7 Some vertebral neoplasms of nervous tissue by axis location.

Table 6.8 Some viruses that cause CNS inflammation, categorized by histolog...

Table 6.9 Some degenerative CNS diseases are associated with histologic pat...

Table 6.10 Some degenerative CNS diseases may produce histologic pattern ty...

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 Relationships between cranial nerves, skull foramina, and brain segment...

Table 7.2 Canine spinal‐cord segments relative to the vertebrae . Note that...

Table 7.3 Relationship between individual spinal nerves and path out of the verte...

Table 7.4 Relationship between intervertebral foramina, spinal‐cord segments, and...

Table 7.5 Somatic motor function of the brachial plexus peripheral nerves in dogs...

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 Approximate tooth eruption times. The table is a comparison of species...

Table 8.2 Permanent dentition. The table is a comparison of two nomenclature stan...

Table 8.3 Deciduous dentition. The table is a comparison of species differences r...

Table 8.4 Number of roots per tooth. The table is a comparison species difference...

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 Different paranasal sinuses are present in varied species of dome...

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Tonsils of domestic mammals. Some tonsils are microscopic in som...

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Illustration showing the basic anatomic planes and directions use...

Figure 1.2 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c) head CT images (bone...

Figure 1.3 Sagittal‐transverse oblique CT image (soft‐tissue window) of the...

Figure 1.4 Schematic illustrations showing the position of the brainstem and...

Figure 1.5 Left rostrodorsolateral surface‐shaded head CT image (bone window...

Figure 1.6 Right‐caudal photograph of an eight‐year‐old, warmblood gelding u...

Figure 1.7 Ventrodorsal (a) and left‐right lateral (b) head radiographs of a...

Figure 1.8 Long‐axis sonogram of the right mandibular salivary gland obtaine...

Figure 1.9 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c) contrast CT images (...

Figure 1.10 Left‐right lateral radiograph of the pharyngeal region of a four...

Figure 1.11 Illustration of the head and neck. The head (caput) and neck (co...

Figure 1.12 Left aspect (a) and ventral aspect (b) illustrations depicting r...

Figure 1.13 Illustration showing different classification schemes (a–c) for...

Figure 1.14 Illustration brainstem division. The four divisions of the brain...

Figure 1.15 Transverse (a, c) and sagittal (b, d) MRI images of the normal b...

Figure 1.16 Sagittal (a, e, f, g) and transverse (b, c, d) head CT images (b...

Figure 1.17 Illustration of the relationships between the vertebrae, spinal...

Figure 1.18 Illustration of extra‐axial and intra‐axial abnormalities....

Figure 1.19 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI image in...

Figure 1.20 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI images i...

Figure 1.21 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI image in a seven‐year‐...

Figure 1.22 Illustration of intramedullary (a), intradural‐extramedullary (b...

Figure 1.23 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) contrast T1‐weighted cervical MR...

Figure 1.24 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse fat‐saturated T1‐weighte...

Figure 1.25 Sagittal (a) T2‐weighted and transverse T1‐weighted neck (b) MRI...

Figure 1.26 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI ima...

Figure 1.27 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI ima...

Figure 1.28 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI images i...

Figure 1.29 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c) head CT images (bon...

Figure 1.30 Transverse head CT images of an eight‐year‐old, neutered female,...

Figure 1.31 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI image in...

Figure 1.32 Illustration of divisions of the cranial cavity. The cranial cav...

Figure 1.33 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI image in an 11‐year‐old,...

Figure 1.34 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) contrast T1‐weighted MRI images...

Figure 1.35 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) contrast T1‐weighted MRI images...

Figure 1.36 Transverse fat‐saturated T1‐weighted (a) and sagittal T1‐weighte...

Figure 1.37 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (a) and sagittal T...

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Dental radiograph of a 10‐year‐old, neutered female, Yorkshire te...

Figure 2.2 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI image with fat saturati...

Figure 2.3 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c) contrast T1‐weighted...

Figure 2.4 Sagittal (a, b) and coronal (c) T1‐weighted human brain overlaid...

Figure 2.5 Left lateral (a) and dorsal (b) abdominal planar scintigrams of a...

Figure 2.6 Infrared fundic image (a) and corresponding optic coherence tomog...

Figure 2.7 Representative images of five of the core technologies associated...

Figure 2.8 Multiple head and neck CT images of a six‐year‐old female Beagle...

Figure 2.9 Multiple head and neck CT images of a six‐year‐old female Beagle...

Figure 2.10 T1‐weighted (a), T2‐weighted (b), and PD‐weighted (c) transverse...

Figure 2.11 Lateral (standing/horizontal) radiograph of the pharyngeal regio...

Figure 2.12 Transverse cranial‐thoracic CT images in a four‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 2.13 Transverse dynamic brain CT image (a) and Time‐Attenuation Curve...

Figure 2.14 Transverse brain CT images of a two‐year‐old male Boxer before (...

Figure 2.15 All images were made of the head in a nine‐year‐old, neutered fe...

Figure 2.16 Transverse sinonasal CT image (a) of a five‐year‐old, neutered m...

Figure 2.17 Different types of images (a–d) . Image a represents an act...

Figure 2.18 Photographs of a potato (a–d) . Although the different imag...

Figure 2.19 Ventral thyroid scintigrams of a 14‐year‐old, neutered male, dom...

Figure 2.20 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a healthy four‐year‐o...

Figure 2.21 Cardiac and respiratory gated, sagittal, spoiled gradient pulse...

Figure 2.22 Spatial resolution and contrast resolution (a–f) . Images a...

Figure 2.23 Transverse T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b) MRI images in a h...

Figure 2.24 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a healthy four‐year‐o...

Figure 2.25 Transverse neck CT images (a, bone window; b, soft‐tissue window

Figure 2.26 Transverse neck CT image ( soft‐tissue window ) in a 10‐year‐old,...

Figure 2.27 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI image following fat sup...

Figure 2.28 Transverse T2‐weighted MRI images in a six‐year‐old, neutered fe...

Figure 2.29 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI image in a 13‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 2.30 Sagittal head contrast CT images in a 12‐year‐old, neutered male...

Figure 2.31 Transverse T2‐weighted head scan in a 12‐year‐old, neutered male...

Figure 2.32 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, c) and fat‐saturated T1‐weighted cont...

Figure 2.33 Left dorsal–right ventral oblique head radiograph of nine‐month‐...

Figure 2.34 Lateral head radiographs with (a) and without (b) saturation art...

Figure 2.35 Longitudinal sonogram of subcutaneous mass on the right side of...

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Transverse CT image (bone window) of the occiput in a 25‐year‐old...

Figure 3.2 Transverse CT image (bone window) of the temporal bones in a four...

Figure 3.3 Transverse CT images (bone window) of the maxillary regions in a...

Figure 3.4 T1‐weighted (a and b) and T2‐weighted (c and d) MRI images center...

Figure 3.5 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a nine‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 3.6 Medical illustration of the skull and cranial cervical vertebral...

Figure 3.7 Colorized left caudodorsal (a), ventral (b), and left rostroventr...

Figure 3.8 Colorized dorsal (a) and left rostrodorsal (b) 3D volume‐rendered...

Figure 3.9 Colorized left rostrodorsal (a) and caudodorsal (b) 3D volume‐ren...

Figure 3.10 Colorized left 3D volume‐rendered head CT image (bone window) wi...

Figure 3.11 Transverse head CT image (soft‐tissue window) at the level of th...

Figure 3.12 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a nine‐year‐old, neut...

Figure 3.13 Sagittal head CT image (bone window) in a two‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 3.14 Dorsal (a–c) and left (d‐f) 3D volume‐rendered head CT images (b...

Figure 3.15 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in an 11‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 3.16 Left 3D surface‐rendered head CT image in a five‐year‐old, intac...

Figure 3.17 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in a seven‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 3.18 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted (a, c, e) and T2‐weighted (b, d, f...

Figure 3.19 Sagittal head CT images in soft‐tissue (a, d, g) and bone (b, e,...

Figure 3.20 Schematic illustrations of the shape of the brain in two small‐b...

Figure 3.21 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a six‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 3.22 Left (a and c) and ventral (b and d) 3D volume‐rendered (bone wi...

Figure 3.23 Sequential lateral fluoroscopic images (a–d) of the pharyngeal r...

Figure 3.24 Left (a), dorsal (b), and ventral (c) 3D volume‐rendered CT imag...

Figure 3.25 Transverse PD‐weighted neck MRI image in an eight‐year‐old, neut...

Figure 3.26 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) caudal neck radiographs in a se...

Figure 3.27 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) neck CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 3.28 Lateral neck radiographs of a dog with the head in neutral (a) a...

Figure 3.29 Lateral neck radiographs focused on the axis (a) and C6 (b) in a...

Figure 3.30 Dorsal 3D volume‐rendered head CT image in a nine‐month‐old, int...

Figure 3.31 Sagittal head CT image (bone window) in a two‐month‐old, intact...

Figure 3.32 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 3.33 Post‐mortem lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) contrast radiograph...

Figure 3.34 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c–e) neck CT images (s...

Figure 3.35 Left (a), caudodorsal (b), and ventral (c) 3D volume‐rendered (b...

Figure 3.36 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a seven‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 3.37 Left ventral‐right dorsal oblique cervical radiograph in a five‐...

Figure 3.38 Transverse neck CT images in a seven‐year‐old, intact female, Be...

Figure 3.39 Transverse T1‐weighted MRI images (a‐f) and a sagittal T1‐weight...

Figure 3.40 Transverse CT images (bone window) through the right tympanic bu...

Figure 3.41 Sequential lateral fluoroscopic images (a–d) of the pharyngeal r...

Figure 3.42 Sagittal T1‐weighted (a, b) and transverse T2‐weighted (c, d) MR...

Figure 3.43 Transverse laryngeal CT images (bone window) in a six‐year‐old,...

Figure 3.44 Transverse neck CT (soft‐tissue window) images in a nine‐month‐o...

Figure 3.45 Transverse contrast CT images (soft‐tissue window) focused on th...

Figure 3.46 Transverse (a, b) and sagittal (c, d) CT (soft‐tissue window) im...

Figure 3.47 Transverse contrast CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a seven‐ye...

Figure 3.48 Transverse neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) before (e, d) or...

Figure 3.49 Right lateral 3D volume‐rendered CT image in a seven‐year‐old, i...

Figure 3.50 Lateral neck radiograph in a two‐year‐old, intact male, Cocker s...

Figure 3.51 Colored transverse head and neck CT images (soft‐tissue window)...

Figure 3.52 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a 25‐year‐old, Hafling...

Figure 3.53 Sagittal head CT image (bone window) in a four‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 3.54 Sagittal (a) head CT image (bone window) and transverse (b) T1‐w...

Figure 3.55 Sagittal (a) head CT image (bone window) and sagittal (b) T2‐wei...

Figure 3.56 Transverse head CT images (bone window) (a, b), postmortem trans...

Figure 3.57 Left caudal (a) and right caudal (b) 3D volume‐rendered (bone wi...

Figure 3.58 Sagittal (a, b, c), transverse (d, e), and dorsal (f) head and n...

Figure 3.59 Sagittal (a) and dorsal (b) head and neck CT images (bone window...

Figure 3.60 Sagittal CT image (bone window) of the craniocervical junction i...

Figure 3.61 Transverse CT neck myelogram in an 11‐year‐old, neutered female,...

Figure 3.62 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T1‐weighted (b) and T2‐w...

Figure 3.63 Sagittal (bone window) (a), sagittal (soft‐tissue window) (b), t...

Figure 3.64 Lateral neck radiographs in a three‐month‐old, intact female, Gr...

Figure 3.65 Lateral neck radiograph in an 11‐year‐old, neutered female, Main...

Figure 3.66 Transverse neck and back CT images (bone window) (a–f) and later...

Figure 3.67 Lateral neck radiograph in an 18‐year‐old, Appaloosa mare....

Figure 3.68 Lateral neck radiographs in a one‐year‐old, Thoroughbred filly (...

Figure 3.69 Lateral (neutral) (a) and lateral (flexed) (b) neck myelograms i...

Figure 3.70 Postmortem transverse neck CT images (bone window) (a, b) and ve...

Figure 3.71 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b–e) PD‐weighted neck MRI images in...

Figure 3.72 Dorsal T1‐weighted (a) and transverse PD‐weighted (b) neck MRI i...

Figure 3.73 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b‐d) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in...

Figure 3.74 Right 3D volume‐rendered head CT images (bone window) (a, b) and...

Figure 3.75 Lateral neck radiograph in a three‐year‐old, Standardbred mare w...

Figure 3.76 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse PD‐weighted (b, c), and tra...

Figure 3.77 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 20‐year‐old, Thorou...

Figure 3.78 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 13‐year‐old, Append...

Figure 3.79 Transverse (a, b) and sagittal (c, d) head CT images (bone windo...

Figure 3.80 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 12‐year‐old, Warmbl...

Figure 3.81 Lateral head radiograph in a six‐year‐old, Thoroughbred stallion...

Figure 3.82 Rostrodorsal (a) and left (b) 3D volume‐rendered head CT images...

Figure 3.83 T1‐weighted (a, c, e, g) and T2‐weighted (b, d, f, h) sagittal M...

Figure 3.84 T1‐weighted (a), T2‐weighted (b, f), contrast T1‐weighted (c), a...

Figure 3.85 Lateral neck radiograph in a 14‐year‐old, neutered female, Greyh...

Figure 3.86 Transverse head contrast CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a 10‐y...

Figure 3.87 Transverse head contrast CT images in soft‐tissue (a–e) and bone...

Figure 3.88 Sagittal sonogram of the intermandibular region (a) and lateral...

Figure 3.89 Transverse contrast CT images (soft‐tissue window) of the crania...

Figure 3.90 Transverse CT images (soft‐tissue window) of the cranial neck in...

Figure 3.91 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, c) and fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weig...

Figure 3.92 Transverse T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b) head MRI images i...

Figure 3.93 Transverse head contrast CT images (soft‐tissue window) (a–c) in...

Figure 3.94 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) lower jaw CT images (bone window)...

Figure 3.95 Transverse head contrast CT images (soft‐tissue window) (a) and...

Figure 3.96 Transverse head contrast CT images in soft‐tissue (a‐c, e‐h) and...

Figure 3.97 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images in a 10‐year‐old...

Figure 3.98 Lateral head and neck radiographs (a–c) in a young adult Quarter...

Figure 3.99 Transverse T2‐weighted (a) and contrast T1‐weighted (b) head MRI...

Figure 3.100 Contrast head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a one‐year‐old,...

Figure 3.101 Dorsal inversion recovery (a) and fat‐saturated contrast T1‐wei...

Figure 3.102 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 3.103 Transverse head CT images in bone (a) and soft‐tissue (b) windo...

Figure 3.104 Fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (a, c) and T2*‐weighted (b,...

Figure 3.105 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) head CT images displayed...

Figure 3.106 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) head CT images (bone window) in a...

Figure 3.107 Transverse head CT image displayed in a bone window (a), and tr...

Figure 3.108 Transverse head CT images displayed in bone (a) and soft‐tissue...

Figure 3.109 Transverse neck CT images displayed in bone (a) and soft‐tissue...

Figure 3.110 Transverse (a, b, c) and sagittal (d, e) head CT images in 12‐y...

Figure 3.111 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), T1‐weighted (b), and fat‐saturated,...

Figure 3.112 Transverse neck CT image (soft‐tissue window) before (a) and af...

Figure 3.113 Transverse head CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a seven‐year‐o...

Figure 3.114 Transverse head CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a four‐year‐ol...

Figure 3.115 Transverse head CT images displayed in soft‐tissue (a) and bone...

Figure 3.116 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), short‐tau inversion recovery (b), T1‐...

Figure 3.117 Transverse head CT images displayed in bone (a, c, e) and soft‐...

Figure 3.118 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b, c) head CT images (bone window) i...

Figure 3.119 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), short‐tau inversion recovery (b), and...

Figure 3.120 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) neck radiographs in a four‐mon...

Figure 3.121 Lateral neck radiograph in an eight‐year‐old, neutered female,...

Figure 3.122 Lateral neck and thoracic radiograph of a 10‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 3.123 Ventrodorsal (a) and lateral (b) head radiographs, ventral 3D s...

Figure 3.124 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) head radiographs in a four‐mon...

Figure 3.125 Long‐axis CT image centered on the mandibular first molar in a...

Figure 3.126 Right whole‐body photograph (a) and lateral neck radiograph (b)...

Figure 3.127 Lateral neck radiograph in a six‐month‐old, intact female, dome...

Figure 3.128 Transverse neck CT myelogram (bone window) at the level of C6 i...

Figure 3.129 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) neck CT images (soft‐tissue win...

Figure 3.130 Transverse (a–f) and ventral 3D volume‐rendered (g) head and ne...

Figure 3.131 T1‐weighted (a), T2‐weighted (b), and fat‐saturated T1‐weighted...

Figure 3.132 Transverse (a) and caudal 3D volume‐rendered (b) head CT images...

Figure 3.133 Right photograph of the left half of a canine skull. On the int...

Figure 3.134 Transverse (a) and left‐rostral 3D volume‐rendered (b) head CT...

Figure 3.135 Transverse (bone window, a; soft‐tissue window, b) and rostrodo...

Figure 3.136 Dorsal head CT image (bone window) in a 13‐year‐old, intact mal...

Figure 3.137 Lateral head (a, c) and neck (b) radiographs in a 10‐year‐old,...

Figure 3.138 Lateral head radiograph in a 21‐year‐old, Hackney mare with fac...

Figure 3.139 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a 12‐year‐old, Quarte...

Figure 3.140 Sagittal head CT image (bone window) in a two‐year‐old, intact...

Figure 3.141 Lateral pharyngeal region radiograph in a five‐year‐old, Thorou...

Figure 3.142 Collage of mandibular fractures. (a) lateral head radiograph in...

Figure 3.143 Dorsal head CT image in an older adult, intact male, Pomeranian...

Figure 3.144 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and cervical myelogram (b) in an ei...

Figure 3.145 Lateral (a) and left‐ventral‐right‐dorsal oblique (b) radiograp...

Figure 3.146 Lateral neck radiograph in an 18‐year‐old, Welsh pony, stallion...

Figure 3.147 Transverse neck CT image (bone window) in an eight‐year‐old, ne...

Figure 3.148 Transverse neck (bone window) CT images in an eight‐year‐old, n...

Figure 3.149 Transverse neck (bone window) CT images in a nine‐year‐old, neu...

Figure 3.150 Lateral neck radiograph (a), and transverse (b) and sagittal (c...

Figure 3.151 Colored sagittal neck CT image in a seven‐year‐old, neutered ma...

Figure 3.152 Lateral neck radiograph in a 24‐year‐old, Hanoverian, mare with...

Figure 3.153 Sagittal back CT image (bone window) in a three‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 3.154 Preoperative (a) and postoperative (b) ventrodorsal (intra‐oral...

Figure 3.155 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in a 10‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 3.156 Initial lateral (a, b) and dorsoventral (c) head radiographs an...

Figure 3.157 Lateral head and neck radiograph (a) and ventral 3D volume‐rend...

Figure 3.158 Lateral neck radiograph is an eight‐month‐old, intact male, Yor...

Figure 3.159 Sagittal head and neck CT image (a, bone window) and T2‐weighte...

Figure 3.160 Prereduction (a) and postreduction (b) lateral neck radiographs...

Figure 3.161 Sagittal head and neck CT image (bone window) in an eight‐year‐...

Figure 3.162 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and lateral cervical myelogram (b)...

Figure 3.163 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse PD‐weighted (b‐d) neck...

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Illustration of normal intervertebral disk showing vertebral bloo...

Figure 4.2 Sagittal T1‐weighted cervical MRI images before (a) and after (b)...

Figure 4.3 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) neck radiographs of a seven‐year...

Figure 4.4 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c) neck CT images (bone...

Figure 4.5 Dorsal inversion recovery back MRI images of the thoracic (a) and...

Figure 4.6 Sagittal neck CT image (a) and T2‐weighted neck MRI image (b) in...

Figure 4.7 Lateral back myelogram obtained initially (a) and lateral back ra...

Figure 4.8 Lateral neck radiograph of a 10‐year‐old neutered female Border c...

Figure 4.9 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) back radiographs of a three‐year...

Figure 4.10 Sagittal CT image (bone window) of the lumbar back of a two‐mont...

Figure 4.11 Lateral neck radiographs of a three‐year‐old, female, German she...

Figure 4.12 Sagittal T1‐weighted back MRI images before (a) and after (b) in...

Figure 4.13 Sagittal T1‐weighted back MRI images before (a) and (b) intraven...

Figure 4.14 Sagittal neck CT (bone window) of an adult, neutered male, Dachs...

Figure 4.15 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI im...

Figure 4.16 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted neck MRI images o...

Figure 4.17 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.18 Sagittal (a), transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted, and transverse T2*...

Figure 4.19 Medical illustration of the types of intervertebral disk degener...

Figure 4.20 Lateral radiographs in a 15‐year‐old, neutered female, Labrador...

Figure 4.21 Sagittal neck CT images (bone window) in a six‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 4.22 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in a 10‐year‐old neutered fe...

Figure 4.23 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI images of multiple dogs demonstrat...

Figure 4.24 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.25 Sagittal neck CT image in a five‐year‐old, neutered female, Dach...

Figure 4.26 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and T1‐weighted (b) neck MRI images in...

Figure 4.27 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI im...

Figure 4.28 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI im...

Figure 4.29 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) neck CT images (bone window)...

Figure 4.30 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI im...

Figure 4.31 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) back CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 4.32 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted neck MRI images i...

Figure 4.33 Sagittal neck CT image (bone window) in a 13‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 4.34 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse T2‐weighted (b), and dorsal...

Figure 4.35 Medical illustrations of different types of disk herniation. The...

Figure 4.36 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.37 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) neck CT images (bone windo...

Figure 4.38 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.39 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.40 Caudodorsal photograph (a) and transverse photomicrograph (b) of...

Figure 4.41 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) T2‐weighted neck MRI image...

Figure 4.42 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.43 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 4.44 Sagittal (a and b) and transverse (c and d) T2‐weighted neck MRI...

Figure 4.45 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) contrast T1‐weighted lumbosacral...

Figure 4.46 Transverse T2‐weighted MRI images of multiple dogs showing the l...

Figure 4.47 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) back CT images of a three‐year‐o...

Figure 4.48 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted Neck MRI images of a...

Figure 4.49 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in a 10‐year‐old, neutered f...

Figure 4.50 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI in a four‐year‐old, neutered male,...

Figure 4.51 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in an 11‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 4.52 Sagittal T2‐weighte back MRI image in an eight‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 4.53 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d, e) neck MRI images in a 10...

Figure 4.54 Sagittal T2‐weighted back MRI image in a seven‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 4.55 Lateral cervical myelograms (a, b) in a five‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 4.56 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) T2‐weighted neck MRI image...

Figure 4.57 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted neck MRI images i...

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 T2‐weighted, sagittal, MRI image of a four‐year‐old, neutered mal...

Figure 5.2 Sagittal T2‐weighted head MRI images (a‐b) of a 10‐year‐old, Warm...

Figure 5.3 Medical illustration of the meningeal layers and the spaces defin...

Figure 5.4 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of a 10‐mo...

Figure 5.5 Cranial (a) and caudal (b) lateral cervical myelograms in a 10‐ye...

Figure 5.6 Schematic illustration of the epidural and subdural spaces. There...

Figure 5.7 Lateral cervical myelogram in a 10‐year‐old, neutered male, Golde...

Figure 5.8 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) cervical myelograms in an 11‐yea...

Figure 5.9 Transverse brain sonogram (level of the diencephalon) of a three‐...

Figure 5.10 Multiple transverse MRI images obtained at the same anatomic lev...

Figure 5.11 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse fluid‐attenuating invers...

Figure 5.12 Three transverse CT images (brain window) from rostral‐to‐caudal...

Figure 5.13 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) CT images (bone window) of the c...

Figure 5.14 Schematic illustration of intracranial compliance. The adult bra...

Figure 5.15 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b, c) CT images (bone window) of th...

Figure 5.16 Transverse CT image (brain window) of a one‐year‐old, neutered f...

Figure 5.17 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), sagittal (b) T2‐weighted, and dorsal...

Figure 5.18 Transverse FLAIR MRI images of the brain (a–d) of a four‐year‐ol...

Figure 5.19 Dorsal short tau inversion recovery (a) and transverse T2‐weight...

Figure 5.20 Lateral radiographs of the head, neck, and back in an eight‐mont...

Figure 5.21 Categories of hydrocephalus. The three types of hydrocephalus ar...

Figure 5.22 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) contrast T1‐weighted MRI images...

Figure 5.23 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted MRI images of a f...

Figure 5.24 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted MRI images of a t...

Figure 5.25 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted MRI image with fat saturation (a...

Figure 5.26 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted MRI image (a), and transverse FLAI...

Figure 5.27 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse T1‐weighted (b), and transv...

Figure 5.28 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted MRI image (a) and transverse FLAIR...

Figure 5.29 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted MRI image (a) and transverse FLAIR...

Figure 5.30 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), sagittal T1‐weighted (b), and transver...

Figure 5.31 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a, b), transverse FLAIR (c), transverse T1...

Figure 5.32 Transverse T1‐weighted MRI image of a two‐year‐old, neutered mal...

Figure 5.33 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of a two‐...

Figure 5.34 Transverse FLAIR MRI images (a–d) of a 10‐month‐old, cryptorchid...

Figure 5.35 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of a nine...

Figure 5.36 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T1‐weighted MRI images of a one‐...

Figure 5.37 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of a thre...

Figure 5.38 Sagittal (a, b) and transverse (c) T2‐weighted MRI images of a s...

Figure 5.39 Sagittal (a, b) and transverse (c, d, e, f) T2‐weighted MRI imag...

Figure 5.40 Transverse CT image (brain window) in a seven‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 5.41 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and T1‐weighted (b) and transverse T2‐w...

Figure 5.42 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of a two‐...

Figure 5.43 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse T1‐weighted (b, c, d), and...

Figure 5.44 Transverse (a–d, rostral‐to‐caudal) T2‐weighted MRI images of a...

Figure 5.45 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of a two‐...

Figure 5.46 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted MRI images of a 1...

Figure 5.47 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted MRI images of a s...

Figure 5.48 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and T1‐weighted (b) MRI images of a one...

Figure 5.49 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and T1‐weighted (b) MRI images of a sev...

Figure 5.50 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) T2‐weighted MRI images of...

Figure 5.51 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) T2‐weighted MRI images of...

Figure 5.52 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), sagittal PD‐weighted (b), and transver...

Figure 5.53 Sagittal (a, d), transverse (b, c), and dorsal (e) T2‐weighted M...

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Transverse T2‐weighted MRI images of the brain in a three‐year‐ol...

Figure 6.2 Sagittal T2‐weighted brain MRI image in a seven‐year‐old, male, G...

Figure 6.3 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), dorsal T1‐weighted (b), and transverse...

Figure 6.4 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of the bra...

Figure 6.5 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b–d) T2‐weighted MRI images of the b...

Figure 6.6 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b–d) T2‐weighted MRI images of the b...

Figure 6.7 Dorsal T2‐weighted MRI image of the brain MRI image in an 11‐year...

Figure 6.8 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b–f) T2‐weighted MRI images of the b...

Figure 6.9 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in a four‐month‐old, female,...

Figure 6.10 Sagittal T1‐weighted head MRI images in a four‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 6.11 Transverse T2‐weighted (a) and contrast T1‐weighted (b) MRI imag...

Figure 6.12 Transverse CT myelograms at the occipitoatlantal junction (a) an...

Figure 6.13 Transverse head CT images before (a, c, e) and after (b, d, f) i...

Figure 6.14 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images in a six‐year‐ol...

Figure 6.15 Transverse (a, b, c), dorsal (d, e), and sagittal (f) T1‐weighte...

Figure 6.16 Fat‐suppressed transverse T1‐weighted neck MRI images before (a)...

Figure 6.17 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) T1‐weighted contrast head MRI imag...

Figure 6.18 T2‐weighted (a, b), T1‐weighted before intravenous contrast mate...

Figure 6.19 Fat‐suppressed sagittal T1‐weighted neck MRI images before (a) a...

Figure 6.20 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted brain MRI images in...

Figure 6.21 Illustration depicting ultrasonographic measurement of the optic...

Figure 6.22 Transverse head CT images in a 10‐year‐old neutered female, Gold...

Figure 6.23 Schematic illustration of fluid movement in the cranial cavity....

Figure 6.24 Transverse, T2‐weighted (a, d) and diffusion weighted (b, e) hea...

Figure 6.25 Transverse, T2‐weighted (a, d) and diffusion weighted (b, e) hea...

Figure 6.26 Transverse, T2‐weighted (a, d) and diffusion weighted (b, e) hea...

Figure 6.27 Sagittal T1‐weighted (a), sagittal T2‐weighted (b), and transver...

Figure 6.28 Transverse fluid‐attenuating inversion recovery (FLAIR) head MRI...

Figure 6.29 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI images in an adult neutered fema...

Figure 6.30 Sagittal (a and b) and transverse (c) T2‐weighted head MRI image...

Figure 6.31 Sagittal T2‐weighted head MRI image in a 10‐year‐old, neutered f...

Figure 6.32 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T1‐weighted head MRI images afte...

Figure 6.33 Sagittal T2‐weighted head MRI image in a 10‐year‐old, neutered m...

Figure 6.34 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI images in a 13‐week‐old, intact...

Figure 6.35 Orthogonal bone (a) and soft‐tissue (b) volume‐rendered whole‐bo...

Figure 6.36 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse T2‐weighted (b), and transv...

Figure 6.37 Transverse and sagittal T2‐weighted head MRI images in a four‐mo...

Figure 6.38 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI images in a six‐month‐old, intac...

Figure 6.39 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI image of a six‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 6.40 Sagittal T2‐weighted head MRI image in a seven‐month‐old, male,...

Figure 6.41 Sagittal (a) and dorsal (b) T1‐weighted head MRI images in a sev...

Figure 6.42 Transverse fluid‐attenuating inversion recovery head MRI images...

Figure 6.43 Dorsoventral fluoroscopic head and neck angiograms with the mout...

Figure 6.44 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), T2*‐weighted (b), T1‐weighted (c), a...

Figure 6.45 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T1‐weighted (b), fat‐sat...

Figure 6.46 Median (a), right sagittal (b), and transverse (c, d) T2‐weighte...

Figure 6.47 Illustration of the vascular supply to the brain and cervical sp...

Figure 6.48 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid attenuated inversion recovery...

Figure 6.49 Illustration of different types of local vascular injuries (a–c)...

Figure 6.50 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), T1‐wei...

Figure 6.51 Transverse (a) and right sagittal (b) non‐contrast CT images in...

Figure 6.52 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T2‐weighted (b), diffusi...

Figure 6.53 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) neck MRI images in a two‐year‐ol...

Figure 6.54 Sagittal (a, d) and transverse (b, c, e, f) neck MRI images in a...

Figure 6.55 Sagittal T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b) neck MRI images in...

Figure 6.56 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in a 12‐year‐old, neutered f...

Figure 6.57 Transverse non‐contrast head CT image in a three‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 6.58 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T2* (b, c) in a five‐yea...

Figure 6.59 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (...

Figure 6.60 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (...

Figure 6.61 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, e), fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighte...

Figure 6.62 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T2* (b, c) neck MRI imag...

Figure 6.63 Transverse T2* head MRI images in a 15‐year‐old, neutered female...

Figure 6.64 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T2‐weighted (b) and T2*...

Figure 6.65 Transverse CT image in a five‐month‐old, intact female, Chihuahu...

Figure 6.66 Medical illustration showing sites of intracranial hemorrhage. T...

Figure 6.67 Transverse non‐contrast head CT images in a four‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 6.68 Transverse CT images in an adult Thoroughbred horses with crania...

Figure 6.69 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, e), T2* (b, f), T1‐weighted (c, g), a...

Figure 6.70 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI images in a six‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 6.71 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) non‐contrast head CT images in a s...

Figure 6.72 Transverse non‐contrast head CT images in an older adult, neuter...

Figure 6.73 Transverse non‐contrast head CT image in a four‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 6.74 Transverse (a–d) and dorsal (e, f) head CT images in a five‐mont...

Figure 6.75 Sagittal T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b) and transverse T2‐w...

Figure 6.76 Transverse CT myelogram in a five‐year‐old, male, mixed‐breed do...

Figure 6.77 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b) head and n...

Figure 6.78 Transverse T2* back MRI images in an eight‐year‐old, neutered ma...

Figure 6.79 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T2*‐weighted (b, c) neck...

Figure 6.80 Lateral neck myelograms in neutral (a) and flexed (b) positions,...

Figure 6.81 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted neck MRI images i...

Figure 6.82 Transverse CT myelogram at the level of the first cervical spina...

Figure 6.83 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and contrast T1‐weighted (b) and transv...

Figure 6.84 Transverse head CT images before (a, b) and after (c, d) intrave...

Figure 6.85 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), T2* (b), T1‐weighted (c), and fat‐sa...

Figure 6.86 Transverse T2‐weighted (a) and contrast T1‐weighted (b) head MRI...

Figure 6.87 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), T1‐wei...

Figure 6.88 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head MRI images in a seven‐year‐...

Figure 6.89 Transverse head CT images displayed in a soft‐tissue window befo...

Figure 6.90 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) before (a, c, e)...

Figure 6.91 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, e), contrast T1‐weighted (b, f), T2‐w...

Figure 6.92 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (...

Figure 6.93 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), contrast fat‐saturated T1‐weighted (...

Figure 6.94 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (...

Figure 6.95 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse T2‐weighted (b), transverse...

Figure 6.96 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), T1‐wei...

Figure 6.97 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images in...

Figure 6.98 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI image in an 11‐year‐old...

Figure 6.99 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) contrast T1‐weighted craniocervi...

Figure 6.100 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and cervical myelogram (b) in a sev...

Figure 6.101 Transverse head CT images displayed in soft‐tissue (a) and bone...

Figure 6.102 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) head radiographs in a six‐year...

Figure 6.103 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), T1‐we...

Figure 6.104 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), transverse T2‐weighted (b), transve...

Figure 6.105 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted (a, c, e) and T2‐weighted (b, d...

Figure 6.106 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images in a 13‐year‐ol...

Figure 6.107 Contrast T1‐weighted transverse head MRI images in an eight‐yea...

Figure 6.108 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, e, i), contrast T1‐weighted (b, f, j...

Figure 6.109 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, e), contrast T1‐weighted (b, f), T2‐...

Figure 6.110 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and contrast T1‐weighted (b) and trans...

Figure 6.111 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), T2‐weighted (b), and contrast T1‐we...

Figure 6.112 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted, transverse T1‐weig...

Figure 6.113 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), contrast T1‐weighted (b), and T2‐we...

Figure 6.114 Transverse T1‐weighted head MRI images before (a) and after (b)...

Figure 6.115 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, e), T2* (b, f), T2‐weighted (c, g),...

Figure 6.116 Photomicrograph of CSF smear (a), and sagittal (b) and transver...

Figure 6.117 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted and sagittal T1‐wei...

Figure 6.118 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images in an eight‐mon...

Figure 6.119 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), and T...

Figure 6.120 Transverse head CT images displayed in a soft‐tissue window bef...

Figure 6.121 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images displayed in a b...

Figure 6.122 Transverse head CT images displayed in bone (a, c) and soft‐tis...

Figure 6.123 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (a, d, g), T2‐wei...

Figure 6.124 Transverse T2‐wieghted (a, b), T1‐weighted (c, d), and fat‐satu...

Figure 6.125 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), T1‐we...

Figure 6.126 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and contrast T1‐weighted (b), and tran...

Figure 6.127 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), contrast T1‐weighted (b), T2‐weight...

Figure 6.128 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), contrast T1‐weighted (b), T2‐weight...

Figure 6.129 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), contrast T1‐weighted (b), and T2‐we...

Figure 6.130 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted back MRI images...

Figure 6.131 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, e), fluid inversion recovery (b, f),...

Figure 6.132 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, e), fluid inversion recovery (b, f),...

Figure 6.133 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, e), fluid inversion recovery (b, f),...

Figure 6.134 Transverse head CT images displayed in a bone window (a, b), so...

Figure 6.135 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) cervical CT myelograms in a...

Figure 6.136 Transverse contrast head CT images of a four‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 6.137 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted (a–e) and fluid inversion recov...

Figure 6.138 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse T2‐weighted (b), fluid...

Figure 6.139 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted (a–f) and T2‐weig...

Figure 6.140 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, c, e) and fat‐saturated contrast T1‐...

Figure 6.141 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), sagittal contrast T1‐weighted (b), tr...

Figure 6.142 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b), transver...

Figure 6.143 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) neck radiographs and a dorsal...

Figure 6.144 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, e), fluid inversion recovery (b, f),...

Figure 6.145 Sagittal, fat‐saturated, T1‐weighted neck MRI images before (a)...

Figure 6.146 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) T2‐weighted and transverse f...

Figure 6.147 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, c, e) and fat‐saturated, contrast, T...

Figure 6.148 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), T1‐weighted (b), and contrast T1‐weig...

Figure 6.149 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, b, g, h), fat‐saturated, contrast T1...

Figure 6.150 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), contrast T1‐weighted (b), T2‐weight...

Figure 6.151 Transverse head CT images before (a, b, c, d) and after (e, f,...

Figure 6.152 Transverse T1‐weighted (a, e), contrast T1‐weighted (b, f), T2‐...

Figure 6.153 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted...

Figure 6.154 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, b) head MRI images, and sagittal T2‐...

Figure 6.155 Transverse T2‐weighted (a, c) and fat‐saturated contrast T1‐wei...

Figure 6.156 Transverse T2‐weighted (a) and dorsal contrast T1‐weighted (b)...

Figure 6.157 Sagittal T2‐weighted head MRI images in a four‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 6.158 Transverse head CT image in a young adult Kerry Blue terrier wi...

Figure 6.159 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted head MRI images in...

Figure 6.160 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted, transverse T1‐weig...

Figure 6.161 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2‐weighted, transverse T1‐weig...

Figure 6.162 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI image (a) and sagittal T2‐weigh...

Figure 6.163 Transverse (a, b, c, d) and sagittal (e) T2‐weighted head MRI i...

Figure 6.164 Transverse fluid inversion recovery (a, b) and sagittal T2‐weig...

Figure 6.165 Transverse T1‐weighted (a), fluid inversion recovery (b), T2‐we...

Figure 6.166 Transverse head CT images displayed is soft‐tissue (a, c) and b...

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Schematic illustration of a spinal nerve. There are two large gro...

Figure 7.2 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted MRI images of the bra...

Figure 7.3 Transverse sonogram without (a) and with (b) color‐flow Doppler o...

Figure 7.4 Functional divisions of the nervous system in the head and neck....

Figure 7.5 Schematic illustration of the ventral surface of the canine brain...

Figure 7.6 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) head CT images (bone window) o...

Figure 7.7 Transverse head CT (bone window) images depicting the skull foram...

Figure 7.8 Transverse head CT image (bone window) of a 10‐year‐old Alpine go...

Figure 7.9 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) T2 MRI images of a two‐year‐old,...

Figure 7.10 Transverse sinonasal CT (bone window) of a six‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 7.11 Sagittal contrast T1‐weighted MRI image of an eight‐year‐old, ne...

Figure 7.12 Dorsal T2‐weighted head MRI image in a 10‐year‐old, Warmblood ma...

Figure 7.13 Transverse‐oblique T2‐weighted MRI image of the left orbit in a...

Figure 7.14 Transverse T1‐weighted head MRI images before (a) and after (b)...

Figure 7.15 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b‐e) T2‐weighted head MRI images in...

Figure 7.16 Transverse contrast CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a seven‐yea...

Figure 7.17 Transverse T1‐weighted head MRI images before (a) and after (b)...

Figure 7.18 Transverse T2‐weighted brain MRI image in a nine‐month‐old, neut...

Figure 7.19 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 10‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 7.20 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 10‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 7.21 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images with fat‐saturat...

Figure 7.22 Transverse T2‐weighted brain MRI images in a nine‐month‐old, neu...

Figure 7.23 Postmortem transverse T2‐weighted head MRI images in a 19‐year‐o...

Figure 7.24 Transverse T2‐weighted brain MRI image in a four‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 7.25 Transverse CT images (bone window) of the right‐temporal region...

Figure 7.26 Transverse temporal region CT image (bone window) in a 17‐year‐o...

Figure 7.27 Transverse temporal region CT image (bone window) in an eight‐ye...

Figure 7.28 Transverse head CT images after intravenous contrast‐medium admi...

Figure 7.29 Transverse (a‐d) and sagittal (e‐g) T2‐weighted MRI images in an...

Figure 7.30 Transverse contrast T1‐weighted brain MRI image with fat saturat...

Figure 7.31 Right‐lateral surface‐shaded neck CT image (bone window) of a on...

Figure 7.32 Contiguous transverse T1‐weighted MRI images in a five‐year‐old,...

Figure 7.33 Transverse CT myelogram (bone window) in a nine‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 7.34 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in a three‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 7.35 Sagittal photomicrograph of a cervical intervertebral foramen. N...

Figure 7.36 Contiguous transverse contrast T1‐weighted back MRI images with...

Figure 7.37 Transverse neck CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a 10‐year‐old,...

Figure 7.38 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image in an eight‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 7.39 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image (a) and transverse T1‐weight...

Figure 7.40 Sagittal PD MRI images of the right brachial plexus in nine‐year...

Figure 7.41 Sagittal maximal intensity projection cervicothoracic contrast C...

Figure 7.42 T1‐weighted (a) and T2‐weighted (b) sagittal neck MRI images in...

Figure 7.43 T1‐weighted transverse neck MRI image in a one‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 7.44 Transverse neck CT image in a five‐year‐old, female, Labrador re...

Figure 7.45 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) T2‐weighted head MRI image in a...

Figure 7.46 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a one‐year‐old, intac...

Figure 7.47 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a, b) and transverse PD‐weighted (c) neck...

Figure 7.48 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a, b, c) and transverse PD‐weighted (d, e,...

Figure 7.49 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) PD‐weighted neck MRI images in a...

Figure 7.50 Transverse T1‐weighted before (a) and after (b) intravenous cont...

Figure 7.51 Dorsal STIR neck MRI image (a) and transverse PD‐weighted neck M...

Figure 7.52 Sagittal T2‐weighted neck MRI image (a), dorsal STIR neck MRI im...

Figure 7.53 Transverse (a, b, c, d) and surface‐shaded 3D volume reconstruct...

Figure 7.54 Sagittal T1‐weighted (a) and transverse fat‐saturated T1‐weighte...

Figure 7.55 Transverse T1‐weighted back MRI images in a seven‐year‐old, male...

Figure 7.56 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a) and transverse PD‐weighted (b, c) neck...

Figure 7.57 Transverse CT neck in an 11‐year‐old, neutered male Chihuahua th...

Figure 7.58 Transverse PD‐weighted neck MRI images (a, c, e, g, i, k) and tr...

Figure 7.59 Transverse PD‐weighted neck MRI images (a, c, e) and transverse...

Figure 7.60 Transverse PD‐weighted neck MRI image (a) in a five‐year‐old, ne...

Figure 7.61 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) T1‐weighted contrast head MRI imag...

Figure 7.62 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c, d) T2‐weighted neck MRI image...

Figure 7.63 Transverse T2‐weighted neck MRI images in an 11‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 7.64 Transverse neck CT image in a 10‐year‐old, neutered male, mixed‐...

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 15‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 8.2 Left rostrodorsal aspect (a) and left ventral aspect (b) volume‐r...

Figure 8.3 Lateral head radiograph in an eight‐year‐old, neutered female, Si...

Figure 8.4 Lateral dental radiograph of the lower jaw in a three‐month‐old,...

Figure 8.5 Rostral aspect, volume‐rendered head CT image (soft‐tissue window...

Figure 8.6 Volume‐rendered head CT images in a five‐year‐old, neutered male,...

Figure 8.7 Lateral head radiograph in an eight‐month‐old, mixed Draft horse...

Figure 8.8 Dental radiograph of the lower jaw (left side) in a seven‐year‐ol...

Figure 8.9 Transverse and dorsal head CT images (bone window) in a seven‐yea...

Figure 8.10 Lateral lower jaw radiographs in a three‐year‐old, Quarter horse...

Figure 8.11 Dorsal CT image of the superior dental arch in a seven‐month‐old...

Figure 8.12 Dental radiographs collage in an adult cat. The standard display...

Figure 8.13 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) before (a) and af...

Figure 8.14 Left aspect, volume‐rendered head and neck CT image (soft‐tissue...

Figure 8.15 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b, c) head CT images (soft‐tissue w...

Figure 8.16 Right (a), left (b), and ventral (c) dynamic parotid salivary gl...

Figure 8.17 Transverse T1‐weighted head MRI image in a four‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 8.18 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a 15‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 8.19 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI images in a nine‐month‐old, neut...

Figure 8.20 Contrast sagittal T1‐weighted (a) and transverse T2‐weighted (b,...

Figure 8.21 Dynamic lateral esophagrams in a two‐year‐old, neutered male, mi...

Figure 8.22 Lateral esophagram in a one‐year‐old, female, American Cashmere...

Figure 8.23 Rostral aspect volume‐rendered head CT image (soft‐tissue window...

Figure 8.24 Rostral aspect of the head (a) and ventral aspect of the upper j...

Figure 8.25 Rostral aspect of the head (a) and ventral aspect of the upper j...

Figure 8.26 Rostral aspect of the head (a) and ventral aspect of the upper j...

Figure 8.27 Rostral aspect of the head (a) and ventral aspect of the upper j...

Figure 8.28 Right (a, d, g), rostral (b, e, h), and left (g, h, i) aspects,...

Figure 8.29 Ventral aspect volume‐rendered head CT image (bone window) in a...

Figure 8.30 Sagittal (a, b) and transverse (c) head CT images (bone window)...

Figure 8.31 Dorsoventral (intra‐oral) upper jaw radiograph in a six‐year‐old...

Figure 8.32 Dorsal (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) in a fi...

Figure 8.33 Dorsoventral (intra‐oral) upper jaw radiograph in a seven‐year‐o...

Figure 8.34 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a two‐year‐old, minia...

Figure 8.35 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b and c, soft‐tissue...

Figure 8.36 Intra‐oral dental radiographs of the superior (a) and inferior (...

Figure 8.37 Transverse plane sonogram of the throat in an 18‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 8.38 Lateral radiograph (a), and sagittal (b), transverse (c), and do...

Figure 8.39 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b, soft‐tissue window...

Figure 8.40 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) contrast T1‐weighted head and ne...

Figure 8.41 Lateral head and neck radiographs in a collection of patients wi...

Figure 8.42 Lateral fluoroscopic head and neck image in a young adult, femal...

Figure 8.43 Sequential (a–c) lateral fluoroscopic head and neck images in a...

Figure 8.44 Sequential (a–c) lateral fluoroscopic head and neck images in a...

Figure 8.45 Sequential (a–c) lateral fluoroscopic head and neck images in a...

Figure 8.46 Lateral fluoroscopic head and neck image in a 10‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 8.47 Lateral fluoroscopic head and neck image in a nine‐year‐old, neu...

Figure 8.48 Lateral fluoroscopic neck image (a) and transverse neck CT image...

Figure 8.49 Lateral fluoroscopic neck image in a four‐year‐old, neutered mal...

Figure 8.50 Lateral fluoroscopic thoracic image in a five‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 8.51 Static lateral esophagram in a 12‐year‐old, pony gelding with an...

Figure 8.52 Lateral neck radiographs in a six‐year‐old, neutered female, mix...

Figure 8.53 Transverse (a, b) and sagittal (c) head CT images (soft‐tissue w...

Figure 8.54 Transverse neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a 12‐year‐old,...

Figure 8.55 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a 10‐year‐old,...

Figure 8.56 Left ventral right dorsal oblique lower jaw radiograph in a 15‐y...

Figure 8.57 Transverse (a–c) and dorsa (d) head CT images (a, bone window; b...

Figure 8.58 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b–c, soft‐tissue wind...

Figure 8.59 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a 13‐year‐old,...

Figure 8.60 Dorsal (a) and transverse (b–d) head CT images (a–b, bone window...

Figure 8.61 Left‐right lateral (a), left‐dorsal right‐ventral oblique (b), a...

Figure 8.62 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a in an eight‐...

Figure 8.63 Lateral dental radiograph of the lower jaw (a) and transverse he...

Figure 8.64 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a seven‐year‐old, Tho...

Figure 8.65 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b–c, soft‐tissue wind...

Figure 8.66 Transverse head and neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a nin...

Figure 8.67 Dorsoventral dental radiograph of the upper jaw (a) and transver...

Figure 8.68 Dorsoventral dental radiograph of the upper jaw in a 12‐year‐old...

Figure 8.69 Right aspect head photograph (a) and transverse head CT images (...

Figure 8.70 Lateral dental radiograph of the upper jaw (a) and transverse he...

Figure 8.71 Dorsal (a) and transverse (b–d) head CT images (a, c–d, soft‐tis...

Figure 8.72 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a one‐year‐old, Thoro...

Figure 8.73 Transverse (a–c) and sagittal (e) head CT images (a and e, bone...

Figure 8.74 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b–c, soft‐tissue wind...

Figure 8.75 Dorsoventral (a), ventrodorsal (b), and left‐dorsal right‐ventra...

Figure 8.76 Dorsoventral (a) and left‐ventral right‐dorsal oblique (b) lower...

Figure 8.77 Dorsoventral head radiograph in a 12‐year‐old, Holstein steer wi...

Figure 8.78 Transverse head CT images (bone window (a) and soft‐tissue windo...

Figure 8.79 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a six‐year‐old...

Figure 8.80 Transverse head and neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a one...

Figure 8.81 Transverse neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a seven‐year‐o...

Figure 8.82 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and transverse neck CT images (b–d,...

Figure 8.83 Lateral lower jaw radiograph in a six‐year‐old, Thoroughbred mar...

Figure 8.84 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), FLAIR (b), T1‐weighted (c), and fat‐...

Figure 8.85 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) neck CT images (soft‐tissue window...

Figure 8.86 Transverse (a), sagittal (b), and dorsal (c) head CT images (sof...

Figure 8.87 Transverse (a, b, d, e) and sagittal (c, f) head and neck CT ima...

Figure 8.88 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a one‐year‐old...

Figure 8.89 Dorsal head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in an 11‐year‐old, ne...

Figure 8.90 Transverse (a, b), sagittal (c), and dorsal (d) head CT images (...

Figure 8.91 Transverse (a, b) and sagittal (c) head CT images (soft‐tissue w...

Figure 8.92 Sagittal (a), dorsal (b), and transverse (c) head CT images (bon...

Figure 8.93 Transverse (a–d) and dorsal (e) head CT images (a–b, soft‐tissue...

Figure 8.94 Lateral lower jaw radiograph in a one‐year‐old, Quarter horse ge...

Figure 8.95 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a six‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 8.96 Transverse (a, d), sagittal‐oblique (b, c, e, f), and curved pla...

Figure 8.97 Transverse (a, b) and sagittal oblique (c, d) head CT images (a,...

Figure 8.98 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images in...

Figure 8.99 Lateral dental radiographs of the upper jaw (a) and lower jaw (b...

Figure 8.100 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a 13‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 8.101 Dorsoventral upper jaw (a) and ventrodorsal lower jaw (b) denta...

Figure 8.102 Dorsoventral upper jaw (a) and ventrodorsal lower jaw (b) denta...

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Sagittal (a) and dorsal (b) head CT images (bone window) in a fiv...

Figure 9.2 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a 12‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 9.3 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a seven‐year‐old, Thoro...

Figure 9.4 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images of a four‐year‐old...

Figure 9.5 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in an adult dog. The imag...

Figure 9.6 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in a five‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 9.7 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in a two‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 9.8 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in a four different horses:...

Figure 9.9 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) head CT images (bone window) in a f...

Figure 9.10 Sagittal head CT image (bone window) in an 11‐year‐old, Dutch Wa...

Figure 9.11 Medical Illustration of Equine Paranasal Sinuses. Air flows betw...

Figure 9.12 (a–f) Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 12‐year‐old,...

Figure 9.13 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b and c) head CT images (bone windo...

Figure 9.14 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a one‐month‐old, Hols...

Figure 9.15 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b and c) head CT images (bone windo...

Figure 9.16 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b) head CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 9.17 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in an eight‐year‐old, Yor...

Figure 9.18 Lateral throat radiographs in a eight‐year‐old, neutered female,...

Figure 9.19 Lateral neck radiograph in a 11‐year‐old, neutered male, Labrado...

Figure 9.20 Transverse (a‐k) and sagittal (l) head CT images (bone window) i...

Figure 9.21 Lateral (a) neck radiograph in a two‐year‐old, Hanoverian mare a...

Figure 9.22 Dorsal photograph of the nasal planum (a), left‐rostrodorsal 3D...

Figure 9.23 Left rostral (a) and dorsal (b) 3D volume‐rendered head CT image...

Figure 9.24 Sagittal head CT image in a three‐month‐old, intact female, Pug...

Figure 9.25 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in an 11‐year‐old, Hanove...

Figure 9.26 Transverse head CT images in bone (a) and soft‐tissue (b) window...

Figure 9.27 Transverse (a, b) head CT images (bone window), dorsal (c) head...

Figure 9.28 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a four‐month‐old, neut...

Figure 9.29 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 9.30 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 9.31 Lateral neck radiograph in a four‐month‐old, intact female, Engl...

Figure 9.32 Lateral head radiograph of a two‐year‐old, Thoroughbred gelding...

Figure 9.33 Lateral head radiograph of a two‐year‐old, Standardbred mare wit...

Figure 9.34 Transverse (a–c) and sagittal (d) head CT images (bone window) o...

Figure 9.35 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a nine‐month‐old, neu...

Figure 9.36 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 10‐year‐old, neuter...

Figure 9.37 Transverse head CT image (a, bone window; b, soft‐tissue window)...

Figure 9.38 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a seven‐year‐old, neu...

Figure 9.39 Lateral (a), dorsoventral (b), left dorsal right ventral oblique...

Figure 9.40 Transverse head CT image in bone (a–c), soft‐tissue (d–f), and c...

Figure 9.41 Transverse head CT image (bone window) in a 12‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 9.42 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a 23‐year‐old, Warmbl...

Figure 9.43 Head CT images in transverse bone (a, d, g), transverse contrast...

Figure 9.44 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) in...

Figure 9.45 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) and...

Figure 9.46 Transverse head CT images in bone (a–f) and contrast soft‐tissue...

Figure 9.47 Lateral neck radiograph (a), transverse neck CT image (b), and s...

Figure 9.48 Transverse neck CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a 13‐year‐old,...

Figure 9.49 Transverse head CT images in bone (a) and soft‐tissue (b, c) win...

Figure 9.50 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in an 11‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 9.51 Transverse (a) and sagittal (b) head CT images (bone window) and...

Figure 9.52 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) head CT images (bone window)...

Figure 9.53 Transverse head CT images in bone (a, c) and soft‐tissue (b, d)...

Figure 9.54 Sagittal (a) head CT image (contrast soft‐tissue window) and tra...

Figure 9.55 Transverse head CT images in bone (a) and soft‐tissue (b, c) win...

Figure 9.56 Dorsoventral (a) and lateral (b, c) head radiographs in a middle...

Figure 9.57 Transverse head CT image in a six‐year‐old, Hanoverian gelding w...

Figure 9.58 Sagittal T2‐weighted (a), transverse T2‐weighted (b), transverse...

Figure 9.59 Transverse (a) and dorsal (b) contrast T1‐weighted head MRI imag...

Figure 9.60 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b–d) head CT images (soft‐tissue wi...

Figure 9.61 Transverse head CT image in bone (a–c), soft‐tissue (d–f), and c...

Figure 9.62 Transverse head CT images in bone (a, c, d) and soft‐tissue (e,...

Figure 9.63 Transverse head CT images in an 11‐year‐old, Thoroughbred geldin...

Figure 9.64 Transverse head CT images in bone (a) and soft‐tissue (c, d) win...

Figure 9.65 Post‐mortem transverse (a) and dorsal (b) head CT images (soft‐t...

Figure 9.66 Transverse head CT images in bone (a), soft‐tissue (c), and cont...

Figure 9.67 Transverse head CT images in bone (a), soft‐tissue (c), and cont...

Figure 9.68 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) neck CT images (soft‐tissue w...

Figure 9.69 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and transverse (b) and sagittal (c)...

Figure 9.70 Transverse head CT images (a–c) in a nine‐year‐old, neutered fem...

Figure 9.71 Lateral (a) and ventrodorsal (b) neck radiographs and transverse...

Figure 9.72 Right‐rostral volume‐rendered (a) and sagittal (b) head CT image...

Figure 9.73 Transverse neck CT images (a–b, bone window) in a four‐year‐old,...

Figure 9.74 Rostrocaudal (a) and lateral (b) radiographs of the cornual regi...

Figure 9.75 Lateral neck radiograph in a five‐year‐old, neutered female, Sta...

Figure 9.76 Transverse neck CT image (bone window) in a five‐year‐old, intac...

Figure 9.77 Transverse thoracic CT image (bone window) in a two‐year‐old, in...

Figure 9.78 Lateral neck radiograph in a seven‐year‐old, neutered female, La...

Figure 9.79 Transverse neck CT image (contrast soft‐tissue window) in a four...

Figure 9.80 Sagittal (a) and transverse (b, c) head CT images (bone window)...

Figure 9.81 Sagittal head CT image (bone window) in a one‐year‐old, neutered...

Figure 9.82 Sagittal head CT images (bone window) in a six‐year‐old, neutere...

Figure 9.83 Preoperative (a) and postoperative (b) lateral neck radiographs...

Figure 9.84 Serial fluoroscopic neck images during spontaneous breathing in...

Figure 9.85 Lateral pharyngeal region radiograph in a three‐year‐old, Thorou...

Figure 9.86 Laryngeal sonograms in an 11‐year‐old, Thoroughbred stallion wit...

Figure 9.87 Serial fluoroscopic images (a, b) during spontaneous breathing i...

Figure 9.88 Lateral neck radiograph in a 10‐year‐old, neutered female, mixed...

Figure 9.89 Lateral neck radiograph in a three‐month‐old, intact female, Sai...

Figure 9.90 Lateral caudal neck radiograph in a 12‐year‐old, Miniature horse...

Figure 9.91 Transverse neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) in an eight‐year‐...

Figure 9.92 Lateral neck radiograph (a) and transverse (b) neck CT image (so...

Figure 9.93 Serial lateral neck radiographs in a 14‐year‐old, neutered male,...

Figure 9.94 Transverse neck CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a five‐year‐ol...

Figure 9.95 Lateral neck radiographs in a six‐year‐old, neutered female, mix...

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Dorsal plane head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a (a) one‐ye...

Figure 10.2 Medical illustration of the eyeball (a), a sagittal/dorsal‐obliq...

Figure 10.3 Transverse‐oblique T2‐weighted left orbit MRI images in a seven‐...

Figure 10.4 Transverse head CT images (bone [a, d] and soft‐tissue [b, c, e,...

Figure 10.5 Transverse (a–d), dorsal (e), and sagittal (f) head CT images (b...

Figure 10.6 3D Volume‐rendered CT image of the right pinna (auricle) of a si...

Figure 10.7 Head radiographs (a, b, c) in an adult, neutered male, domestic...

Figure 10.8 Right lateral head radiograph (with two magnification‐correction...

Figure 10.9 Anterioventral aspect, T2‐weighted, 3D maximum intensity project...

Figure 10.10 Transverse T2‐weighted head MRI image in a four‐year‐old, neute...

Figure 10.11 Medical illustration of the major arteries that supply the head...

Figure 10.12 Medical illustration of head and neck arterial flow in the dog...

Figure 10.13 Medical illustration of blood flow to the brain relative to the...

Figure 10.14 Medical illustration depicting arterial blood supply to the bra...

Figure 10.15 Medical illustration of the interconnected head and neck venous...

Figure 10.16 Transverse PD‐weighted neck MRI images (a, b, c), transverse su...

Figure 10.17 Medical illustration of the head and neck lymph centers in dogs...

Figure 10.18 Transverse contrast head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a th...

Figure 10.19 Transverse contrast head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a 10...

Figure 10.20 Multiple images of the normal thyroid gland: a, lateral throatl...

Figure 10.21 Long‐axis (a) and short‐axis (b) sonograms of the left thyroid...

Figure 10.22 Transverse T2‐weighted (a), transverse T1‐weighted (b), dorsal...

Figure 10.23 Transverse head CT image in a 10‐year‐old, neutered male, Golde...

Figure 10.24 Long‐axis left‐orbit sonograms without (a) and with (b) color‐f...

Figure 10.25 Transverse head CT image of a seven‐year‐old, female, mixed‐bre...

Figure 10.26 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b and c, soft‐tissue...

Figure 10.27 Transverse head CT images in a two‐year‐old, FS, mixed‐breed do...

Figure 10.28 Anatomic localization of eye‐associated diseases.

Figure 10.29 Dorsal head CT image in an eight‐year‐old, neutered female, mix...

Figure 10.30 Transpalpebral oblique‐axis sonogram of the right orbit of a th...

Figure 10.31 Long‐axis sonograms of the right eye (a, b) in a 15‐year‐old, T...

Figure 10.32 Transverse (a) and sagittal‐oblique (b) head CT images (soft‐ti...

Figure 10.33 Transverse head CT images (a, soft‐tissue window; b, bone windo...

Figure 10.34 Dorsal head CT image in a 12‐year‐old, neutered male, Boston te...

Figure 10.35 Dorsal T1‐weighted head MRI images (a, b) in a seven‐year‐old,...

Figure 10.36 Transverse (a, b) and dorsal (c) head CT images (a, bone window...

Figure 10.37 Transverse head CT images (a and b, soft‐tissue window; c and d...

Figure 10.38 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a one‐year‐ol...

Figure 10.39 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in an eight‐year...

Figure 10.40 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a two‐year‐ol...

Figure 10.41 Transverse (a), dorsal (b), and sagittal (c, d) T1‐weighted hea...

Figure 10.42 Transverse fat‐saturated contrast T1‐weighted head MRI images i...

Figure 10.43 Transverse T1‐weighted head MRI images with fat saturation (a–e...

Figure 10.44 Transverse (a–d) and sagittal (e) head CT images in a six‐year‐...

Figure 10.45 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in an 11‐year‐ol...

Figure 10.46 Transverse head CT images (a and d, bone window; b, c, e, and f...

Figure 10.47 Transverse head CT images (a and d, bone window; b, c, e, and f...

Figure 10.48 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a 13‐year‐old...

Figure 10.49 Transverse head CT images (soft‐tissue window) in a six‐year‐ol...

Figure 10.50 Transverse (a) and 3D volume‐rendered (b, c) head CT images (bo...

Figure 10.51 Right (a) and rostral (b) aspect 3D volume‐rendered and transve...

Figure 10.52 Transverse head CT image (soft‐tissue window) in a 13‐year‐old...

Figure 10.53 Transverse head CT images (bone window) in a three‐year‐old, ne...

Figure 10.54 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b and c, soft‐tissue...

Figure 10.55 Transverse head CT images (a, bone window; b and c, soft‐tissue...