71+10 New Science Project Junior E-Book

• Herausgeber: V&S Publishers
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Seitenzahl: 82

Beschreibung

Learning science - the fun way

Leseprobe

Vikas Khatri

Published by:

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© Copyright: ISBN 978-93-505740-2-7

DISCLAIMER

While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher make no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided.

All matters included have been simplified under professional guidance for general information only without any warranty for applicability on an individual. Any mention of an organization or a website in the book by way of citation or as a source of additional information doesn't imply the endorsement of the content either by the author or the publisher. It is possible that websites cited may have changed or removed between the time of editing and publishing the book.

Results from using the expert opinion in this book will be totally dependent on individual circumstances and factors beyond the control of the author and the publisher.

It makes sense to elicit advice from well informed sources before implementing the ideas given in the book. The reader assumes full responsibility for the consequences arising out from reading this book. For proper guidance, it is advisable to read the book under the watchful eyes of parents/guardian. The purchaser of this book assumes all responsibility for the use of given materials and information. The copyright of the entire content of this book rests with the author/publisher. Any infringement / transmission of the cover design, text or illustrations, in any form, by any means, by any entity will invite legal action and be responsible for consequences thereon.

Publisher’s Note

In line with a number of books and best-sellers in Science for children, particularly the school students, V&S Publishers have now come up with two new books on Science Projects and Activities namely 71+10 New Science Projects Junior and 71+10 Science Activities.

In the present book, 71+10 New Science Projects Junior, the author has taken up the simple facts and principles of Science, such as: Air Pressure, Volume and Density, Gravitational Force of the Earth, Surface Area of Solids, Fun experiments with Matchsticks, Water, etc for children and projected them in a very simple and lucid language for the readers-particularly the school kids who can easily perform these experiments at home or school , of course with the help and guidance of their parents, elders or teachers.

Basically, the prime idea behind publishing such books are that they are educative as well as interesting and full of fun. Children of all ages, particularly from 6 to 13 can perform these fun-filled experiments and learn as well - the basic principles of Science easily and quickly. Moreover, Science, as we all know cannot be understood properly and learnt theoretically without practical demonstrations or experiments - in order to test and prove the different scientific laws and theories.

Therefore, this book will enable all its readers, especially the young ones to learn as well enjoy performing all the 81 Projects listed in the book, each explaining or proving some scientific theory or law - making it really worth reading!

Contents

Publisher’s Note

Air, of Course

Boomerang Returns to the Thrower

Compressed Air

Surface Area

Currents of Hot Air

Clean Water

Excess Air

Interesting Patterns

A Drop of Water

Quality of Water

Water Molecules

Surface Film

Water is Heavier than Oil

Candle Keeps Burning

A Rounded Surface

Air Sucks

Burnoulli’s Principle

Water Rise

Trapped Air

Holding Together

Funnelling Device

A Jet of Air

An Attached Ice Cube

Heavy Clouds

Stratus and Cumulus Clouds

Bolt of Lightning

Tube Strength

Scattered Force

Tightly Packed Grains

Drifting Cardboard

Molecules in Motion

Energy Charge

Rise in Temperature

Candle Flame

Yarn Quality

An Amazing Match

Uniform Density

Concentrated Stress

Uniform Medium

Escaping Sand

Gas Bubbles

A Complete Path

Mild Current

An Opposite Charge

A Model of Space

A Cloud Chamber

The Earth’s Axis

North and South

Suspended Liquid

True Solution

Garden without Plants

Air in the Egg

Nutty Fat

A Sprouting Pit

Weight Loss

Plant Power

Skeletons under the Sheet!

A Growing Mold

Don’t Play with Mother Nature

Paleontology

An Ant Colony

Cracker in the Mouth

A Muscular Squeeze

From Top to Bottom

Means of Identification

Head First

Unequal Pressure

Look into My Eyes

A Total Picture

A Cold Hand

Seaweed Collection

10 Projects in Full Colour

1    Dry Matchsticks

2    Dishwashing Detergent

3    A Forward Thrust

4    Hidden Power

5    Centre of Rotation

6    Hydroelectric Power

7    Repelling Charges

8    An Invisible Gas

9    A Spider’s Web

10  Beats per Minute

1 Air, of Course

Things Required:

String

Wooden dowel

Tape

2 paper bags

Candle

Matches

THE HELP OF YOUR PARENTS/GUARDIAN/TEACHER

Directions

What is lighter than air? Do this experiment to find the answer.

Tie a piece of string to the centre of a wooden dowel and attach the free end of the string to a support, such as the centre of a doorway. Tape equal lengths of string to the bottom of 2 paper bags and tie these upside down to the ends of the dowel. Adjust the paper bags so that they balance perfectly on the dowel.

Hold one of the bags in its balanced position and ask one of your parents to light a candle and hold it under that bag for several seconds. When the candle is taken away, let go of the bag. The bag will rise.

Explanation:

The candle flame heats the air inside the bag. This hot air is surrounded outside by cooler air. The cooler air is heavier than the hot air and lifts the bag of hot air upwards. What is lighter than air? Air, of course!

2 Boomerang Returns to the Thrower

Things Required:

Cardboard

Pencil

Scissors

Book

Directions

1. Draw a V-shaped pattern like the one shown in the illustration on a piece of smooth, stiff cardboard. Cut it out, making sure the corners are rounded.

2. Hold a book in your left hand, with the binding pointing upward at an angle. Place the cardboard shape on the book so that one arm hangs off the side.

3. Hold a pencil along the side of the book. Quickly move the pencil forward and strike the cardboard so that it spins and flies off the book. In a few seconds, the cardboard will be back at your feet!

Explanation:

You have just made a boomerang. Because of its shape, the boomerang returns to the thrower, continuing to spin in the same path without turning over, Boomerangs, used by native Australians and usually carved from wood, can be used as weapons, or for hunting, or just for the fun of it.

3 Compressed Air

Things Required:

Cork

A glass soda bottle

Petroleum jelly

Water

Directions

1. Find a cork that will fit a glass soda bottle. Now, rub petroleum jelly around the sides of the cork.

2. Fill the bottle with water, about 1 inch from the top. Set the cork in the mouth of the bottle, but do not press it down. Instead, form a tight fist and slam the cork with one sudden blow. The cork will pop out. Now, press the cork in place slowly. It will stay there.

Explanation:

Scientists say that air is elastic. When the air is squeezed, it will press right back. This is what happened when you forced the cork down suddenly. The air left in the bottle was squeezed, so it pushed upward and sent the cork flying out. However, when you press the cork in slowly, the compressed air has time to leak through the seal between the cork and the glass.

4 Surface Area

Things Required:

2 sheets of paper

A chair

Directions

This experiment takes only a few seconds to perform, but you may want to repeat it a few times and think about the scientific principle before reading the explanation at the bottom of the page.

1. Use two sheets of paper that are exactly alike. Crumple one piece of paper into a ball. Do not do anything to the other piece.

2. Stand on a chair and hold one piece of paper in each hand. Extend your arms as high as possible. Drop the crumpled piece of paper and the flat piece at the same time. Which paper falls faster? You know that they both weigh the same. Can you explain the difference in speed?

Explanation:

Even though both the pieces of paper weigh the same, they are shaped differently. The crumpled piece is more compact and is, therefore, able to push through the air better. The flat paper has more surface area and the air pushes against this and slows the paper down. Engineers who build aeroplanes and rockets know this scientific principle very well. They design their vehicles with a streamlined shape so that they can slice through the air instead of pushing against it.

5 Currents of Hot Air

Things Required:

Aluminium plate

Pencil

Glue

Empty spool

Small block of wood

Hot Plate

Directions