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- Herausgeber: V&S Publishers
- Kategorie: Ratgeber
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
From conception to post delivery and beyond
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Seitenzahl: 380
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© Copyright: ISBN 978-935-05732-7-3
DISCLAIMER
While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher make no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided.
All matters included have been simplified under professional guidance for general information only without any warranty for applicability on an individual. Any mention of an organization or a website in the book by way of citation or as a source of additional information doesn't imply the endorsement of the content either by the author or the publisher. It is possible that websites cited may have changed or removed between the time of editing and publishing the book.
Results from using the expert opinion in this book will be totally dependent on individual circumstances and factors beyond the control of the author and the publisher.
It makes sense to elicit advice from well informed sources before implementing the ideas given in the book. The reader assumes full responsibility for the consequences arising out from reading this book. For proper guidance, it is advisable to read the book under the watchful eyes of parents/guardian. The purchaser of this book assumes all responsibility for the use of given materials and information. The copyright of the entire content of this book rests with the author/publisher. Any infringement/ transmission of the cover design, text or illustrations, in any form, by any means, by any entity will invite legal action and be responsible for consequences thereon.
Contents
Publisher's Note
Introduction
A New Life Begins
Preparing for the Baby
Planning a Baby Routine
Part I: BABY CARE
I. Baby Diapers
1. Making Cloth Diapers
2. Folding Cloth Diapers
3. Tying Cloth Diapers
4. Disposable Diapers
5. Packing a Diaper Bag
FAQs
II. Bowel Movements and Baby's Bath
1. Baby Stools
2. Baby Toilet Training
3. Baby Toilet Seats
4. Baby Massage
5. Bathing Your Baby
6. Baby Bath Accessories
FAQs
III. Feeding the Baby
1. Breast-feeding Information
2. Breast-feeding Positions
3. Breast-feeding Problems
4. Expressing Breast Milk
5. Introducing Bottle to Baby
6. Bottle-Feeding Tips
FAQs
IV. Baby Sleep Patterns
1. Baby Sleeping Bags
2. Co-sleeping with Baby
3. Getting Baby to Sleep in Crib
4. Sleeping Safely
5. Getting Your Baby on a Sleeping Routine
6. Baby Sleep Problems
7. Getting Twins to Sleep
8. Positional Asphyxia in Infants
FAQs
V. Baby Clothes
1. Baby Clothing
2. Buying Baby Clothes on a Budget
3. Buying Clothes for the Baby Boy
4. Buying Clothes for the Baby Girl
5. Taking Care of Baby Clothes
FAQs
VI. Baby Furniture and Accessories
1. Baby Bedding
2. Baby Carriers
4. Baby Walkers
5. Baby Toys
6. Baby Monitors
7. Baby Safe Feeder
FAQs
VII. Premature Baby Care
1. Feeding Your Premature Baby
2. Premature Baby Growth Chart
3. Premature Baby Health Problems
4. Premature Baby Needs
FAQs
VIII. Tips for New Mom
1. Going Back to Work after Baby
2. Health Tips for New Moms
3. Marital Relations after Childbirth
4. Travelling with a Baby
FAQs
IX. Raising a Green Baby
1. Raising Eco-Friendly Baby
2. Organic Diapers
3. Organic Baby Clothing
FAQs
Part II : Child Health Problems
I. Baby Feeding
1. Food Guide for Babies
2. Feeding Problems
3. Transition to Bottle Feeding
4. Choosing Formula Milk
5. Guide to Choose Nipples and Bottles
6. Sanitising Baby Bottles
7. Weaning to Solid Foods
8. Healthy Diet for Toddlers
9. Feeding Schedule
FAQs
II. Baby Hygiene
1. Baby Genital Care
2. Body Odour in Babies
3. Caring For Baby's Belly Button
4. Cleaning Baby's Eyes
5. Cleaning Baby's Nose
6. Cleaning Baby's Tongue
7. Cleaning Baby's Ears
8. Trimming Baby's Nails
9. Baby's Oral Hygiene
10. Brushing Baby's Teeth
FAQs
III. Baby Skin Care
1. Baby Acne Treatment
2. Cradle Cap in Infants
3. Baby Skin Care in Winter
4. Baby Sun Protection
5. Daily Skin Care
FAQs
IV. Common Health Problems
1. Body Temperature
2. Teething Fever
3. Flu
4. Common Cold
5. Asthma
6. Vomiting
7. Nappy Rash
8. Hypoglycemia and Colic
9. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
10. Jaundice in Newborn Babies
11. Anaemia
12. Polio
14. Measles
15. Chicken Pox
16. Conjunctivitis
17. Pneumonia
18. Meningitis
19. Hiccups in Babies
20. Nail-Biting in Toddlers
21. Restless Legs Syndrome in Babies
22. Shaken Baby Syndrome
23. Tourette Syndrome
24. Asperger's Syndrome
25. Thumb Sucking
26. Autism
27. Down Syndrome
28. Flat Head Syndrome
29. Handicaps in Children
30. Congenital Abnormalities
FAQs
V. General Care
1. Caring for a Sick Child
2. Safeguards against Accidents
3. Dealing with Medical Emergencies at Home
4. Immunization Schedule
Immunization Time Schedule
FAQs
Appendix I – Average Weight and Height of Boys and Girls at Different Ages
Appendix II – CDC Growth Charts
Appendix III – Recipes of Common Weaning Foods
Publisher's Note
After publishing a number of books on Health and Fitness, V&S Publishers is now coming up with an exclusive and exhaustive book on Baby Care & Child Health Problems. We all are aware of the fact that a baby is the most precious gift of God to a Mother. However, babies are very delicate, innocent and easily susceptible to various diseases and infections if not properly taken care of.
Therefore, a mother starts the preparations for her newborn's arrival right from the day she conceives or may be before that. She has to plan her food habits, daily routine, and take care of herself and her baby from day one till the baby is born – experiencing the pleasures and pain of the nine-month long pregnancy period.
Even after the birth of her child, she has to take the utmost care of her bundle of joy, breastfeed him/her, keep the baby clean and happy and follow the doctor's (pediatrician's) advice of vaccinating the child periodically till the age of five years. These vaccinations, medications and drops make the child immune to a number of deadly diseases like Polio, Jaundice, Hepatitis B, Chicken Pox, Measles, etc.
The book, Baby Care & Child Health Problems deals with all the above mentioned factors elaborately and systematically with special tip offs and advices from pediatricians or child specialists.
So this book can be very helpful and serve as an asset for all those mothers, who are expecting their babies to arrive soon or are busy taking care of their precious ones.
Introduction
Remember that fateful day when you first held your tiny bundle of joy in your arms. Becoming a parent is the happiest day of one's life. The arrival of a new born brings delight and enthusiasm in parents’ life and they look forward to see their baby grow. However, caring for your delicate baby can raise some obvious questions. A slight mishandling or carelessness can harm your baby and his/her growth and you may be left wondering where you went wrong. Apart from the regular feeding and nappy-changing, there are numerous insignificant little day-to-day jobs involved in caring for your baby the right way. Bathing and clothing him/her, breast-feeding and many such other activities require special care and attention.
Lack of proper care leaves your baby vulnerable to infections and other ailments. With low immunity, your baby is susceptible to other harmful substances in the environment. Minor skin conditions, such as heat rash, infant acne, etc may also arise as the baby's skin is thin and fragile. However, the right care can keep your baby hale and hearty, pleasant and healthy-looking and also build up his/her resistance against the above mentioned health conditions. For the lack of the right instructions’ manuals, it is natural to feel baffled on how to provide the most loving and efficient care to your baby. Follow through the related chapters in this book to find the best tips and guidelines on baby care.
So help yourself and help your baby in healthy growing.
A New Life Begins
Child care begins even before you conceive. The mother is the most important person in a child's life. If you are not ready then you will not be able to enjoy your baby nor would the baby be happy. If you are ready both physically and mentally to go through your pregnancy then the rest of the path becomes much easier. A baby is very demanding. So unless you enjoy being a mother you will find it very tough to cope with the unavoidable stress that accompanies the arrival of your little one.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a unique experience. You and your partner are going to become parents. Your life takes on a new dimension when you start a family. Let's have a brief idea about how pregnancy occurs. Males and females have their separate reproductive organs. The female reproductive organs include the two ovaries, fallopian tubes and the uterus. The eggs (ova) are produced in the ovaries. At the time of puberty, lots of hormonal changes take place in a girl's body. With the result, the ovaries begin to release an egg (ovum) each month. This egg travels to the uterus through fallopian tubes each month. During copulation when the sperm manages to penetrate the egg while still in the fallopian tube, fertilization occurs. If the fertilization does not occur, the egg and the tissues lining the womb are shed periodically every month. This is called menstruation. If fertilization occurs, pregnancy is established. The fertilized egg reaches the uterus and establishes itself there. New hormones are produced and new tissues are built up in the uterus to sustain the new life. A simple urine test performed six weeks after the first day of the last menstrual test may be done to confirm the pregnancy.
Pregnancy
Transformation
The cell formed by the union of egg and sperm is called zygote. After travelling from the fallopian tube to the womb, this cell gets attached to the lining of the uterus. With time, this zygote multiplies, matures and differentiates into various organs of the baby. The baby connects with the uterus through the placenta. Later on the placenta enlarges and is connected to the developing baby by means of the umbilical cord. The baby gets oxygen and all the nutrition from the placenta and sends its waste products to the placenta via this umbilical cord. When the baby is born, this umbilical cord is cut and clamped around two inches from the baby's end. The placenta along with the rest of the umbilical cord is expelled from the womb. The baby's umbilical cord dries up and gets shed a few days later leaving behind the belly button on baby's tummy.
Formation of a zygote
Tests and Checkups
The missed periods are the first and most reliable sign for women to suspect the pregnancy. Consult your doctor as soon as possible who would confirm the pregnancy with a simple urine test.
After this, a physical examination by your doctor will be done to ensure your heart, lungs and other body systems are in perfect shape to bear the pregnancy. Throughout the pregnancy your blood pressure, heart condition and urinary status will be maintained under regular supervision for early detection of any complications. If not detected and controlled in time, they can seriously harm your baby and you.
Symptoms of Pregnancy
Here are certain features and symptoms of pregnancy which occur due to the hormonal changes and increase in the size of the womb. They are:
The size of the breasts changes. There may be tingling and throbbing in the breasts. The veins on the surface of the breast may become more prominent. The size of the nipples increases and the surrounding area becomes darker and more prominent.
Morning sickness in the first trimester is more common. However in some women, nausea with or without vomiting may go one further than the first trimester.
There is a tendency of increased frequency of passing urine, especially at night.
The bowel habits undergo change. There may be constipation.
Your taste changes. You may develop a distaste of things which you always liked to eat and drink like tea, coffee, milk, flour, etc. There may be increased craving for things like clay, chalk or sour things.
Some women feel emotionally drained and anxious. This occurs due to hormonal changes and it goes away on its own once the baby is born and the body reverts back to its normal form.
Development of the Baby
It is an accepted fact that the physical and mental health of the mother during pregnancy is related to the child's development, both before and after birth.
The nine months of pregnancy are divided into three parts of three months, each called trimesters.
Exercising during pregnancy
The first trimester is the most critical in terms of the formation of the baby's organs, brain, heart, kidneys, face, nose, eyes, limbs and other organs. It is during this period that most hormonal changes take place. Mild nausea and vomiting in the morning are fairly common during this trimester. To get rid of this morning sickness, avoid sudden movements and rise slowly in the morning from the lying position. It also helps to eat a dry toast or drink a cup of tea with lemon juice soon after waking up in the morning. Avoid fatty foods. Eat small but regular meals.
During the second trimester, the pregnancy settles down and by the fifth month, you will feel the baby kicking. At first, it may not be like a pronounced kick but just a flutter or a tickle. As the months pass, you will find that the baby is more active and the frequency of movement increases.
The third trimester is generally uneventful. Your bulge begins to show considerably. Simple yoga exercises should be done during this period for easy delivery.
Development of the embryo
Care during Pregnancy
It is important to have regular antenatal checkups during the nine months of pregnancy.
Do not take any drugs during this period, especially during the first trimester. If it is essential then take it with the consent of your doctor because some drugs taken by you can go across the placenta to your baby. This may be harmful and damage his developing organs leading to various defects in his heart, brain, eyes, ears, etc.
Eat a healthy, nutritious diet consisting of food items of all food groups so as to provide nutrition to you as well as to the baby. Calcium, vitamin D, folic acid and iron are very important for the formation of baby's bones and teeth and to keep your haemoglobin levels high. Deficiency of folic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy is closely associated with the development of neural tube defects in the baby.
Avoid smoking and alcohol completely during pregnancy. It is also advisable to not to expose yourself to cigarette smoke released by other smokers at home or at work.
Labour
The process by which the baby and the placenta are expelled from the mother's uterus is known as labour. These symptoms indicate the onset of labour:
During pregnancy, a protective plug of mucus blocks the cervix. When the labour begins, this mucus plug loosens and is discharged through the vagina with a little blood. This phenomenon is called the ‘show’ and it indicates the onset of labour.
At the beginning of the labour when the cervix dilates, the amniotic sac or the water bag surrounding the baby in the womb comes down and breaks leading out a sudden gush of watery fluid coming out of the vagina.
Then regular frequent uterine contractions occur which begin as mild and brief lasting for half a minute or so. They progressively become more frequent, strong and painful lasting for a longer period.
When the onset of labour is established then the actual process of birth begins. In the first stage, the mother gets regular uterine contractions every 3 to 5 minutes and the lower portion of the uterus and the cervix dilate in order to allow easy passage for the baby.
In the second stage, strong uterine contractions begin which result in baby's head presentation. The baby's head is the first part of his body to appear and emerge out of the vagina during labour. After delivery, the baby's cord is clamped and cut. Mucus is sucked out of the baby's nose and mouth and his body is dried and he/she is wrapped in a towel.
In the third stage, which is the stage of afterbirth, the placenta and the membranes are expelled soon after the baby comes out.
Normal, Forceps or Caesarian
In normal labour, the contractions of the mother's uterus push the baby through her passage and deliver the baby out without any external aid. In case the contractions are not strong enough or the baby gets stuck in a difficult position and begins to show signs of distress, then the baby is delivered by forceps or vacuum extraction. The forceps’ blades or the rubber cups of the vacuum extractor are applied to the baby's head. Then the baby is gently pulled out by an experienced doctor.
Also to avoid ragged perineal tears and damage to the mother during delivery, the doctor may make a small cut in the perineum. This is also called episiotomy. This cut is later stitched and it heals quite easily.
In cases when normal delivery is harmful to the baby or the mother, the doctor may decide to perform a caesarian operation and deliver the baby. In this case, a small cut is made in the lower abdominal wall and the uterus of the mother. After the baby is taken out, the cut parts are stitched back.
Pregnancy is not an illness. Each pregnancy is unique yet it is a perfectly normal occurrence. Regular medical advice should be taken to ensure that the pregnancy runs smoothly. There may be ups and lows in your mood, but this is not unusual. Keep your mind occupied and look after your health.
Methods of child birth
Preparing for the Baby
The arrival of the baby is the most awaited moment of your life. You would not like to spoil by having to run here and there in search of right things for the baby at the last moment. Here is a list of things which you should keep ready before the arrival of the newborn.
For the Baby
A crib with a soft but firm baby mattress.
Baby blankets for winter
Pillows (optional)
Waterproof sheeting of plastic or rubber for the crib
Soft bed sheets and covers
Baby clothes which are soft and comfortable
Baby caps, socks, mittens/gloves for winter
Soft towels
Diapers, which are soft, such as those made from old linen in the house are very soft and should be used for the first few days as baby's skin is very delicate during this period.
Cotton cloth pieces and wipes
Cotton and gauze for making cotton pads
Cotton balls for wiping baby's eyes
Baby towels
Mild baby soap
Baby powder
Baby oil
Baby cream
Nappy rash cream (as and when required)
Baby bath or tub with rounded edges
Two feeding bottles and two nipples
A tin of milk powder
Brushes to clean the bottles
Bottle sterilizer
Baby accessories
For the Mother
Maternity clothes
Hand and body cream
Other toiletries
Sanitary Towels
Breast pump (as and when required)
Mother and baby accessories
Planning a Baby Routine
The first few weeks with your baby will seem nothing more than chaotic and emotionally volatile. It will take about a month for both the mother and the baby to fit into a comfortable routine. By this time, you would have learnt how many naps he/she takes during the day and their approximate duration. You will know how often the baby needs a feed and at what intervals. You will have an idea of how many times they wake up at night. The baby will learn that you are the main caretaker and that you will feed, clean and comfort him/her when he/she cries. Depending on the way you interact and react to the baby, they will expect you to be talkative, quite, upset, calm or irritated in different situations.
Babies will also be developing their own personalities and will be learning things from you. If your behaviour is not what the baby expected in a particular situation, he/she will be upset and cry because there is a sudden unexpected change in behaviour. Babies measure their worth by the response of their caregivers. As you feed, change, bathe, clean and talk to your baby, they will look attentively at your face, observing all the changes in your expression as you speak. The first few months of a baby's life are very important from the point of view of his/ her socialization. These months will form the basis for their interaction with the rest of the people. Therefore, the mother's interaction with the baby and her behaviour towards him/her assumes immense importance in the first few months.
Three weeks old baby
As you have a new baby whose care will take up most of your time, it is better you make a plan and have a daily routine in place. Since you will have to take care of the baby, you may not be able to pay much attention to the rest of your family. You have an additional responsibility now that needs maximum attention and care on your part. Accept this and make changes at home to make things easier for you. Make a realistic plan that you are able to follow without much difficulty and distress. It is important to remember that you will have to plan your day around your baby. We have compiled some tips from different parents on how to manage your home and your baby in those initial days.
Tips to Plan the Baby Routine
If you can afford it, hire someone, to help with some of the chores around the house like cleaning, ironing, shopping, etc.
Try to keep the baby awake in the early evening time, so that he/she sleeps for a longer duration in the night. You will also be able to sleep sound if the baby doesn't wake up frequently in the night.
You should also try to schedule the other activities of your baby, such as baths and play time along with naps and eating.
Make sure that you stick to the same schedule during the week and on weekends. This will make it easier for the baby to fall into a set pattern.
Take time to do something that you enjoy and that makes you happy every day. It can be talking to a friend, watching TV, or listening to music. If you are happy and relaxed, you will be able to take better care of your baby.
On the weekends, you and your partner can take turns in looking after the baby, so that you get some time off.
Cook your dinner early, as you will be exhausted by the evening and will have to begin cooking all over again. At least prepare most of it, so that you have very little to do later.
Mother putting her baby to sleep
Mother, father and their child
By the age of six months, most of the babies begin to develop a rather predictable schedule for sleeping, feeding and playing. You just have to solidify those patterns by introducing your baby to a routine that is comfortable for both you and him/her. Remember, no matter how hard you work, you may not be able to do all your household chores. The important thing is not to overburden yourself, to find time for yourself and to enjoy the new baby.
Part IBABY CARE
IBaby Diapers
You have just become a parent. The excitement of labour and delivery has taken you to the next step of beginning your life with your baby. For the next few years, diapers* shall become an important part of your life. You will now wonder whether you would be using cloth or disposable diapers for your newborn. Use either of the two; your baby is sure to dirty about 10 in a day or about 70 in a week.
With the arrival of the newborn, there is a lot of joy in the air as well as lots of apprehension concerning his/her care and hygiene. For any new parent, the very thought of diapering your little one can be a scary idea. You will be amazed to see how often your baby pees and poops initially. Changing your baby after every leak is something that will command your attention most of the time. Diapers are a means to wick away wetness from your soft baby's skin, keeping him/her dry and happy. Changing your baby's diapers may seem to be a baffling chore at the start. However with a little practice, you will discover that keeping your baby dry is just a child's play. One of the important decisions that you have to make as parents is to whether put your baby on cloth diapers or disposable ones. While disposable diapers are handier and easy to use, cloth diapers are certainly the best bet. Cloth diapers are economical, environment-friendly, reusable, washable and quite easy to make.
Diapering a baby calls for some guidelines and precautions to ensure that your baby is comfortable and happy for the next few hours. If not attended well, diapers can lead to diaper rash which, when ignored, can worsen the condition. This chapter of baby care deals with the aspect of teaching new parents how to use diapers or nappies for their newborns. You will find how to make and fold cloth diapers, and pack a diaper bag. It also includes the use of disposable diapers and training a parent to tie a nappy.*
1. Making Cloth Diapers
Cloth diapers are back in vogue and are being favoured by an increasing number of parents today. Traditional cloth diapers are definitely enjoying an upper hand now, as opposed to their disposable counterparts. Apart from being economical and eco-friendly, cloth diapers are easily washable and can be reused. Also, the soft, airy feel of real cloth reduces any risk of your baby suffering painful rashes. Most parents often find it troublesome to fold a cloth diaper into a proper fit.
Choose a Style
You can begin by choosing a style for your diapers. While all-in-one (AIO) diapers are the most convenient option that comes without any pins or covers, pre-fold diapers are easy on your pockets. In case you wish to go for fitted diapers, you can sew them as per your preference.
Pick the Right Fabric
While making cloth diapers, picking the right fabric is an absolute essential. Fabrics like flannel, cotton knits, and terry make for great diapers. If you are willing for all-in-one diapers, opt for waterproof fabrics. Fleece can be used as water resistant diaper covers, as it quickly soaks away wetness from the baby's skin and keeps it dry for longer periods. It also reduces any chances of painful rashes. Terry could be used for the soaker, and a cute flannel print could be used as the external cover for your baby's diaper.
Choose a Pattern
Next step is to pick a pattern for your diapers. You can use disposable diapers for designing the pattern of your cloth diapers. Trace the outlines of the disposable diaper, carefully leaving 1/4 inch for the seam. While making cloth diapers for your baby make sure that the tabs are big enough, so that they can be adjusted as the baby grows. You can also check out the various Internet websites for the pattern.
Tips to Make Cloth Diapers
Following the pattern, cut two hourglass shaped pieces, each from the internal cloth and the external covering. Cut out a rectangular shaped cloth from the soaker and place it between the interior cloth and external covering. The soaker should run along the full length of the baby's diaper. Put the soaker on the wrong side of the interior material and sew it up.
Now using the measuring tape, asses the girth of the baby's thigh. Cut two strips of elastic band wide enough for the comfort of your baby and stretch them to cover the whole leg opening. Now, stitch the elastic to the wrong side of the external covering along the curved side of the leg opening. Measure the baby's back and cut out half inch wide elastic piece. Stretch it, so that it covers the entire width of the diaper and then sew it to the exterior material.
Layer the inner and the outer covering of the diaper and sew it together. Allow a small gap in the front to turn the diaper right side out.
Using a pencil or a butter knife, mark out the seams. Fold in the seam allowance and sew it up.
Use snaps, Velcro or other closures to secure your diaper. Velcro has a lower longevity and tends to gets frayed after repeated washes. You can use diaper pins to secure your baby's diapers.
2. Folding Cloth Diapers
Folding a cloth diaper isn't a Herculean task and all it takes is a little practice. Folding your baby's diapers can be entertaining, as it opens the space for a lot of experiments. You can fold your baby's diapers in several ways. With time, you will eventually know what works best for your baby. The key idea is to keep your baby dry and comfortable. Here are some popular ways of folding cloth diapers.
Hour-Glass Fold
Place the diaper on a smooth surface and even out the creases.
Position your baby on the diaper and fold in the middle of the diaper towards the center creating an hourglass shape. Draw the other half of the diaper around the front part of the baby.
If you are using diaper covers, secure the corners with the help of a Velcro or a snap.
In case of pull up covers, use safety pins to close the corners and then pull the cover over the diaper.
In case you wish to go for a folded hour glass diaper, fold the diaper from one sewn corner to another and repeat the above mentioned process.
Baby Boy-friendly Folds
Place the diaper on a smooth surface.
Fold one-third of the cloth diaper up and then fold the edges towards the center.
Place your baby on the diaper and pull out the remaining half of the nappy around the baby's front.
Pull the corners of the diaper to the front and secure it with a Velcro or snap.
This fold is particularly helpful if you are using pull up covers. In this case, you can tie the back corners to the front layer of the cloth of the front corners.
Baby Girl-friendly Folds
Place the diaper on a smooth surface and even out all the creases.
Fold 1/3 of the cloth down from the top and fold the bottom sides to the centre.
Place your baby on the diaper and pull around the remaining half to the front.
Pull the corners of the diaper to the front and secure it with a Velcro or snap.
This fold is particularly useful if you are using pull up covers. You can fasten the front corners of the diaper to the front layers of the cloth, particularly, the back corners.
Flat-fold Diapers
For the flat-fold diaper, you can start with folding your diaper in half.
Fold about two-third of each side of the diaper with one side, partly covering the other to create extra absorbency in the centre.
The flat-fold diaper is the most versatile and it can be adjusted to different sizes.
Flat-fold Diapers
Folds for Traditional Diapers
The traditional diapers are square shaped and need to be pinned up. There are absorbent liners that can be used inside the cloth diapers, which are disposable. Cloth diapers are double lined for greater protection for night use. Diaper covers made of plastics are available to prevent leaks. They can be folded in these two styles:
Folds for Traditional Diapers
Triangular Fold
The square is folded into half to form a triangle.
Place the baby gently on the triangle in such a way that his/her back is on the longest side and the opposite corner pointing to his feet.
Bring the front part between his legs onto his stomach.
Bring one side to overlap the middle part.
Bring the other side to overlap the two parts. Pin them together using a safety pin.
Triangular Fold Diapers
Rectangular Fold
Fold the square into a rectangle.
Place the baby on the rectangle.
Bring the bottom part between his legs onto his stomach.
Bring one side around and pin with the centre part, then bring the other side and pin again.
Rectangular Fold Diapers
3. Tying Cloth Diapers
Newborns and tots can make you wonder with the amount of pee and poop they generate every day. This results in lots of messy diapers. Your child needs to be kept dry all the time. On an average, a baby uses as many as 15 diapers every day. A full diaper can cause great discomfort to your little one. Your baby might catch cold, if he/ she sits on a wet diaper for too long and may also develop painful skin rashes. However, going over and over that rigorous process of changing your baby's diapers can leave you high and dry at times. Most mothers often have a tough time trying to be at ease, while attending to their baby's soiled diapers.
Knowing how to tie your baby's diapers effortlessly and comfortably can ease out your endeavour and make the entire process a happy bonding time for you and your baby. Also, it can make your baby feel much more comfortable. A badly tied diaper is just the same as wearing any other uncomfortable clothing. This could badly affect your baby's sleep and could cause it to be irritable and fussy.
Tips to Tie Baby's Diapers
You can place a tri-folded diaper on the wrap and then position your baby in a way that the ties are in front.
Pad the wrap with a soaker-pad, as per your convenience.
Fold the soaker-pad up to the baby's belly and then draw the back wings of the wrap around to the front on top of the diaper.
Grabbing the back wings with one hand, pull the front part of the wrap with the straps up between the baby's legs and stretch it to the sides and over the diaper.
Enclose the straps around the back and bring them to the front again and to tie them in a knot.
Tips to Use Cloth Diapers
If the diaper requires pins, use large pins with plastic safety heads. While pinning the diaper, place your hand between the baby and the diaper. This will ensure that you do not prick the baby. Alternatively, you can use diaper tapes.
Diapers that are wet can be put into the diaper bin. If soiled, the stools should be emptied into the toilet. You can rinse them before putting them into the diaper bin, to wash later.
Use a solution of baking soda and water for your last rinse, as this will control odour.
Wash diapers separately. Do not do it with the rest of your laundry.
Use mild detergent that is recommended for baby clothing.
Use hot water to rinse each wash.
Wash your hands well after each diaper change to prevent germs from spreading.
4. Disposable Diapers
It's normal for parents to lose their sleep over issues relating to their child. Every parent is concerned about their baby's food, health, hygiene and even diapers. Talking of diapers, there has been a lot of discussion over disposable diapers and the traditional cloth diapers. Although it was the traditional cloth diapers that dominated the scene in the past, introduction of disposable diapers have changed the way we look at baby hygiene today. However, the opinion is divided on what is the best kind of diaper for your baby. The reason tilts from health concern to environmental issues. While traditional cloth diapers are economical and eco-friendly, disposable diapers have got an edge over being handier and easy to use. Some pediatricians do not favour using disposable diapers as they are likely to cause skin rashes, while some others are of the opinion that disposable diapers are a safe option since they wick away all moisture from the baby bottom, leaving it dry. It is sensible to change your baby's diaper frequently, if using disposable diapers. Also, keep rash creams handy and don't forget to give your baby some “open-air” time to cure any rashes caused by either kind of diapers.
Tips to Use Disposable Diapers
Unwrap the disposable diaper and gently slip it under your baby by lifting his/her feet. Your baby's bum should rest on the top edge of the diaper, while the adhesive strips should level with your baby's belly button.
Lift the front part of the diaper, adjusting it between your baby's legs, on top of his belly.
Pull the adhesive strips on the rear end of the diaper to the front part and secure it comfortably. Be careful not to stick the tape to your baby's tender skin.
If you are using disposable diapers, clean your trash regularly. This will avert growth of any harmful bacteria in your household apart from checking spread of any foul odour.
When trashing your diaper, fold the dirty baby wipes inside the diaper. Roll it into a ball and secure it with the tapes of the dirty diaper. Put it into a cellophane grocery bag, tie it as tightly as you can and dispose it into your trash bin.
If you notice red marks around your baby's legs and waist, opt for a loose-fitting diaper next time. Ill-fitting diapers can cause great discomfort to your baby.
In case you notice skin rashes around your child's leg and waist, immediately shift to a different brand of diapers. Certain brands of diaper can cause skin sensitivity and allergies to your baby.
When diapering a baby boy, position his penis downward before fastening it. This will stop leaks from seeping out over waistlines.
If your baby's umbilical cord has not yet fallen off, be careful to fold up the waistline of your baby's diaper to prevent any kind of abrasions.
Don't forget to wash your hands after changing your baby's diaper each time. This will prevent the spread of all kinds of harmful germs.
Let's Remember
Change diapers frequently.
Look out for zinc oxide based diaper ointments to treat rashes.
Don't put your baby always on diaper. Allow your baby to go without diaper for at least some part of the day.
5. Packing a Diaper Bag
You will often see parents of little babies saddled with overstuffed diaper bags that contain almost everything, from disposable diapers to digital thermometers. When you plan to take your baby out from the comfort of your home, the focus will always be on caring for his/her little needs and having everything required, at your convenience. However, when you start deciding what assumes priority, you will be amazed at the wide range of items that you would need to choose from. At this hour, it is the diaper bag which comes to your aid. Parents are often overly careful not to exclude anything important, while packing their diaper bags. As a result, they end up cramming it with every item they come across, and then spend precious moments digging through their bag, trying to find that one small thing they need. Putting together a diaper bag requires as much careful consideration as anything else for your baby. As you get used to your child's needs, you understand that you don't really need to carry a nursery in your bag each time you go out. A little thought and smart planning is all that it takes to pack a diaper bag. Read on to know more about packing a diaper bag.
A diaper bag
Tips to Pack a Diaper Bag
While packing diaper bags, it is essential to consider your travel time and the size of your bag first. A tote bag is just fine to cover a short outing, while you might need a large diaper bag for longer outings. You can choose from hard-sided and soft-sided bags, traditional baby bags, savvy bags, rugged-manly styles and even overnight travel cases.
If you are planning to stay out for a short time, you can carry a bottle of milk with you. In case you wish to stay out longer, don't forget to pack in more feeding bottles. Also, do not feed your toddler with any leftover food. If you are nursing, don't forget to carry nursing pads.
The next important thing to put into your diaper bag is diapers. Carry at least six to eight diapers for your baby, if you intend to stay out for longer hours.
Carry anti-bacterial wipes in small containers to clean your baby's hand, face, bottom and even your own hands.
Keep changing pads handy, in order to keep your baby from getting dirty and to wipe the dirt off your baby.
Carry two pairs of extra clothes, bibs and socks when you are going out, just in case your little one soils his/ her clothes.
Carry a blanket to keep your baby warm.
Using diapers for long hours can cause skin rashes. Therefore, it is important to carry a diaper cream in your bag to soothe any kind of skin irritation. This is extremely important if your baby is seated for long hours.
Plastic bags are absolute must, in case you need to make an emergency change. Apart from holding the soiled diapers and clothes, these are extremely useful in preventing any kind of odour.
Pack a single small toy or rattle for your child to play with, so that he/she does not get fussy while you are shopping.
If you are planning for longer trips, don't forget to carry emergency medicines, a medicine dropper and a nasal syringe.
Keep all the emergency contact information handy, including the contact numbers of your relatives, friends and the pediatrician.
FAQs
Q-1. How can I keep my baby dry?
Ans. Prepare soft cotton pads using cotton and gauze and put them under the baby's buttocks when you are at home. As soon as they get soiled, dispose them off and use a fresh one. this way the baby will remain dry.
Q-2. What kind of diapers are the best for the baby?
Ans. Good quality disposable diapers for night and for outings are good as they save you the trouble of changing diaper number of times. But when at home or during the day, use diapers made with clean cotton cloth. These diapers are more airy and you can change them as soon as they are soiled. This way the baby remains clean at all times. This reduces the chances of your baby getting a diaper rash.
Q-3. How should I wash the cloth diapers?
Ans. To wash the cloth diapers, first clean them with soap water. Then rinse them thoroughly to wash off the soap. Wash them once more in dettol or any other anti-bacterial solution. Dry them in bright sunlight. This will disinfect the diapers completely and help in preventing rash and infection caused due to diapers.
Q-4. What should I do if the baby develops diaper rash?
Ans. If it is a mild rash, apply zinc oxide cream or a petrolatum emollient twice a day at the affected area. Keep the area dry and change the diapers frequently. In case the rash is severe and suggests fungal infection, then consult your paediatrician. Delaying this matter can cause the infection to spread to other parts of the body through blood and endanger the life of the baby.
Q-5. Is it advisable to keep my baby without diapers for some time?
Ans. During summer months, there is no harm in letting the baby go without diaper for a while as this way the skin remains dry and clean. But during the winter season, this may cause your baby to catch cold. So avoid it if possible.
Q-6. What are one-way liners?
Ans. Special one-way liners are useful since they allow urine to pass through to the towel napkin outside leaving a dry layer next to the baby's skin. These liners are now available in India in big stores.
Q-7. How are square napkins tied for girls and boys differently? Ans. While using a square napkin, you need to place its double thickness in front for a baby boy and at the back for the baby girl.
*A diaper (as known in North America) or nappy (in other countries) is a sponge-like garment worn by individuals, especially babies, who are not capable of holding their bladder or bowel movements or are unable to use the toilet.
