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- Herausgeber: Crowood
- Kategorie: Lebensstil
- Sprache: Englisch
The perfect guide for spotters and enthusiasts interested in airliners, feederliners, executive jets, light aircraft and other commercial aeroplanes. Contains 3-view silhouettes, colour photographs, dimensions, technical specifications and a potted history of those aircraft most likely to be seen in the skies and at airports. Other helpful details are included to make aircraft identification more certain.
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Seitenzahl: 113
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012
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Civil Aircraft Recognition
Copyright
First published in 2002 by Airlife Publishing, an imprint of The Crowood Press Ltd, Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 2HR
www.crowood.com
This e-book edition first published in 2013
© The Crowood Press Ltd 2002
All rights reserved. This e-book is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.
ISBN 978 1 84797 497 6
Text by Paul E. Eden and Rod Simpson Silhouettes by Dave Windle Photographs courtesy Rod Simpson unless otherwise credited
Key Recognition points
To identify the aircraft types by referring to the key letters and find possible aircraft by checking against the letter code shown in the contents page.
Contents
Adam Aircraft A500
The M-309 was designed by Burt Rutan as a high performance business and personal aircraft. Of carbon-composite construction it was a pressurised six-seater with a low wing, twin booms, a high-set ‘bridge’ tailplane and retractable tricycle undercarriage. Its turbocharged TSIO-550 engines were mounted in the nose and rear fuselage. They were fitted with FADEC and the M-309 incorporated the latest developments in glass cockpit technology. The M-309 prototype made its first flight in March 2000 and led to the production standard A500. In early 2005 Adam Aircraft had 65 A500 orders and was developing an A700 light jet variant of the aircraft.
A500Powerplant: two 261-kW (350-hp) Teledyne Continental TSIO-550 piston engines
Performance: max speed 463 km/h (288 mph), cruising speed 408 km/h (253 mph), initial climb rate 518 m (1,700 ft) per min, range 2760 km (1,725 miles)
Dimensions: wing span 12.80 m (42 ft), length 10.52 m (34 ft 6 in), height 2.90 m (9 ft 6 in)
Recognition featuresA Twin tail boomsB High-set, ‘bridge’ tailplaneC ‘Push-pull’ engines
Air Tractor
The initial AT-300 agplane was designed by Leland Snow. It had a chemical hopper mounted between the single-seat cockpit and the engine firewall. It was fitted with a P&W R-985 radial piston engine and first flew in 1973. Later versions included the AT-301 and AT-302 (Lycoming LTP101 turboprop). Air Tractor then developed variants with larger airframes and with various combinations of hopper size and, generally, turboprops. These included the AT-400 with a slimmer fuselage and larger wing, the AT-400A, and the AT-402 based on the AT-400 with a longer-span wing. The AT-501 is a larger two-seat variant with an R-1340-S3H1-G radial and the equivalent turboprop is the AT-502 (PT6A-15AG). The largest Air Tractors are the two-seat AT-802 which is optimised for crop spraying or fire bombing, and the single-seat AT-802A (above), which is normally powered by a PT6A-67AG, and the AT-802F. Air Tractor USA
AT-502 Powerplant: one 507-kW (680-shp) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-15AG turboprop
Performance: max speed 290 km/h (180 mph), cruising speed 253 km/h (157 mph), range 800 km (500 miles)
Dimensions: wing span 15.24 m (50 ft), length 9.90 m (32 ft 6 in), height 2.99 m (9 ft 9 in)
Recognition featuresA Low wingB Fixed tailwheel U/CC Prominent enclosed cockpitD Tall vertical tail
Airbus A310
After the successful launch of the A300, Airbus Industrie produced a new smaller-capacity short/ medium-haul version, the A310. Using a shortened A300 fuselage, the A310 has a smaller wing which is, essentially, a new design. This resulted in an aircraft with 280-passenger capacity, powered by JT9D-7 or General Electric CF6-80 engines. The A310 prototype first flew on 3 April 1982. The basic passenger version is the A310-200, the first of which were delivered to Lufthansa and Swissair in March 1983. The A310-300 (above) is an extended-range variant with extra tailplane fuel tanks and computerised fuel management and approval for North Atlantic ETOPS operations. Some 260 A310s had been ordered by the end of November 2001, with 246 in operation. In military service the A310 flies with Belgium, Canada as the CC-150 Polaris, France and Germany.
A310-200 Powerplant: two 213.50-kN (48,000-lb st) Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4D1 turbofans
Performance: cruising speed 973 km/h (608 mph), take-off field length 1860 m (6,100 ft), landing field length 1960 m (6,430 ft), range 6759 km (4,224 miles)
Dimensions: wing span 43.89 m (144 ft), length 46.66 m (153 ft 1 in), height 15.80 m (51 ft 10 in)
Recognition features A Short, wide-body fuselage B Wingtip fences on some aircraft C Prominent flap-track fairings
Airbus A319/A320/A321
To compete with the short-haul 737 and DC-9, Airbus launched the A320 in 1980. It is a conventional low-wing aircraft with up to 180 passenger seats and FBW control systems. The cockpit was designed from the outset with a six-screen EFIS and side sticks in place of the conventional control column. The first CFM56-powered A320-111 flew on 22 February 1987 with the first delivery to Air France in March 1988. The A320-200 is the standard, longer-range version with wingtip fences. The A319, which first flew on 28 August 1995, is a maximum 145-seat version with a shorter fuselage and the A321 which made its maiden flight on 12 December 1996 has a fuselage stretch to carry 220 passengers. The A321-200 is the standard, long-range, version. All members of the A320/319/321 family can be specified with IAE V2500 turbofans. The 107-seat A318 first flew in 2002, entering service in 2003.
A320-200 Powerplant: (typical) two 117.90-kN (26,500-lb st) CFM International CFM56-5A3 turbofans
Performance: cruising speed 949 km/h (593 mph), take-off field length 2336 m (7,665 ft), range 5000 km (3,125 miles)
Dimensions: wing span 33.90 m (111 ft 3 in), length 37.57 m (123 ft 3 in), height 11.80 m (38 ft 8 in)
Recognition featuresA Narrow-body fuselage and narrow-chord wingsB Large wing root fairingsC Prominent flap-track fairings
Airbus A330
The long-range market dominated by Boeing with the 747 and the 767-300 was addressed by Airbus with the A330/A340 design. Based on the A300 with a 10-m (32 ft 10 in) fuselage stretch, FBW systems, an EFIS cockpit and a redesigned wing with winglets, the new aircraft was offered with either two engines (Rolls Royce Trent, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or GE CF6) as the A330 or with four engines as the A340. Maximum A330-300 capacity is 440 passengers but a short-fuselage A330-200 (above) carries 406 passengers. The A330 prototype flew on 2 November 1992. Major airlines using the A330 include Thai Airways International, Cathay Pacific, LTU, Malaysia Airlines, Garuda and Korean Air. A total of 524 A330s had been ordered by summer 2005, with 356 having been delivered. The A330 is also the basis for the A350 competitor to Boeing’s 787.
A330-300 Powerplant: (typical) two 300-kN (67,500-lb st) class General Electric CF6-80E1A4 turbofans
Performance: typical operating Mach No. 0.82, take-off field length 2514 m (8,250 ft), range at 230000 kg (507,050 lb) 10371 km (6,444 miles)
Dimensions: wing span 60.30 m (197 ft 10 in), length 63.68 m (208 ft 11 in), height 16.84 m (55 ft 3 in)
Recognition featuresA Only twin-engined wide-body with wingletsB WingletsC Large nose radomeD Four-wheel main U/C
Airbus A340
Sharing a common airframe with the A330, the A340 was in fact flown first, in A340-200 form, on 25 October 1991. It differs primarily from the A330 in being powered by four engines (CFM56 as standard, but with the Rolls-Royce Trent available on the A340-500/600) and is therefore suitable for very long-range, over-water flights, being free from ETOPS restrictions. The A340-200, with 420 passenger capacity, has a shorter fuselage but longer range than the A330, while the A340-300 (above) has a small stretch to accommodate an extra 20 passengers. The A340-500/600 are new stretched versions for 313 and 340 passengers, respectively, the A340-500 also offering ultra-long range. By summer 2005 some 384 A340s of all versions had been ordered, with 239 delivered and operators include Lufthansa and Virgin Atlantic Airways.
A340-200Powerplant: four 144.60-kN (32,500-lb st) CFM International CFM56-5C3 turbofans
Performance: cruising speed 999 km/h (624 mph), range 13800 km (8,625 miles)
Dimensions: wing span 60.30 m (197 ft 10 in), length 59.39 m (194 ft 10 in), height 16.74 m (54 ft 11 in)
Recognition featuresA Four-engined wide bodyB WingletsC High aspect-ratio wings
