Color Atlas of Acupuncture E-Book

Hans Ulrich Hecker

• Herausgeber: Thieme
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 292

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2008

Beschreibung

A flexi textbook that contains information on all the major body and ear acupuncture points, as well as an extensive coverage of trigger points. The text is augmented by 126 illustrations pertaining to body acupuncture, 48 illustrations on ear acupuncture, and 114 illustrations on trigger points. The description of each point includes: exact location depth of needling indication function in TCM The different schools of ear acupuncture (e.g., Chinese vs. Nogier), often a source of confusion for many practitioners, are presented side-by-side. While the terminology of the points follows Chinese standards for acupuncture, the body parts are named following up-to-date anatomical nomenclature, and the description of trigger points also mentions the respective muscle and pain projection zones. Illustrations include color photographs and clear full-color drawings.

Leseprobe

Color Atlas of Acupuncture

Body Points—Ear Points—Trigger Points

Hans-Ulrich Hecker, MD

Physician in Private PracticeKiel, Germany

Elmar T. Peuker, MD

Physician in Private PracticeMuenster, Germany

Angelika Steveling, MD

Institute of MicrotherapyUniversity of Witten-HerdeckeBochum, Germany

Joerg Kastner, MD

Academy for Acupunctureand TCM, Bochum, Germany

Kay Liebchen, MD

Physician in Private PracticeFleckeby, Germany

With the collaboration ofStefan Kopp, Gustav Peters, Michael Hammes

2nd edition

ThiemeStuttgart • New York

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher.

This book is an authorized and revised translation of the 3rd German edition published and copyrighted 2007 by Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the German edition: Taschenlehrbuch der Akupunktur: Körperpunkte, Ohrpunkte, Triggerpunkte.

1st German edition 19992nd German edition 20053rd German edition 20071st English edition 20011st Korean edition 20031st Portuguese edition 2007

Graphics by Martin Wunderlich, Kiel,GermanyAnatomical Drawings by Rudiger Bremert, Munich,GermanyPhotographs by Axel Nickolaus, Kiel,Germany

Translated by Ursula Vielkind, PhD, Dundas,Ontario, Canada

© 2008 Georg Thieme Verlag,Rudigerstrasse 14,70469 Stuttgart, Germanyhttp://www.thieme.deThieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue,New York, NY 10001, USAhttp://www.thieme.com

Cover design: Thieme Publishing GroupTypesetting by primustype R. Hurler GmbH,NotzingenPrinted in Germany by Offizin AndersonNexö, ZwenkauISBN 978-3-13-125222-7

1 2 3 4 5 6

Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book.

Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user's own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page.

Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to beconstrued as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain.

This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher's consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.

Preface

After the success of the first edition, we have decided to present an updated and extended second edition of this pocket atlas covering the major body and ear acupuncture points as well as the most frequently occurring trigger points. With this book we comply with the requests of many physicians to provide reference material that makes possible quick orientation during daily practice. The authors come from diverse fields of specialization, thus ensuring the highest competence possible.

The book consistently follows the visualdidactic presentation concept (VISDAK, visuell-didaktisches Aufarbeitungskonzept). This concept has already gained recognition through the two textbooks Acupuncture of Ear, Skull, Mouth, and Hand and The Acupuncture Points. This type of presentation has been borne out of a large number of positive responses and serves as a useful building block when learning new and complex material. The description of the locations of acupuncture points follows the style of the localization specifications effective in China as they have been described in the usual standard publications for foreigners. The details are presented using the latest anatomical nomenclature. In particular, practical advice for quick orientation during localization is emphasized. The action of individual points is described according to both the conventional medical indications and the traditional Chinese avenues of action.

The basics presented here will help the targeted preparation for an exam and will also serve the actively practicing physician as a quick reference for orientation. The experienced acupuncturist will find interesting details for precise point localization as far as anatomical guiding structures are concerned. The major trigger points are described in connection with acupuncture points according to practical relevance. In response to the suggestion of many readers, this chapter now contains an additional 15 muscles, mainly of the lower extremities. Gnathological aspects are particularly emphasized as they play a major role within the holistic approach.

The selection of acupuncture points is based on the experience of the physicians participating in this book project, all of whom have been using acupuncture in their practice for many years and/or are participating in university level education in acupuncture. We would like to thank all those who have been involved in the realization of this book: Mr. Rudiger Bremert and Mr. Helmut Holtermann for the excellent anatomical drawings, Mr. Axel Nickolaus for the photographic illustrations, and Mr. Martin Wunderlich for the professional graphic design. Our special thanks are due to Ms. Helga Gilleberg for all the typing-from the first draft to the original version prior to printing of the first edition. Our thanks go to Thieme Publishers Editorial and Production Departments, especially for the opportunity of using four-color printing and for the customer-friendly price-performance ratio.

Hans-Ulrich Hecker

Angelika Steveling

Elmar Peuker

Joerg Kastner

Kay Liebchen

The Authors

Hecker, Hans-Ulrich, MD

Medical specialist in general medicine, naturopathy, homeopathy, acupuncture. Lecturer in Naturopathy and Acupuncture, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany.

Research Director of Education in Naturopathy and Acupuncture, Academy of Continuing Medical Education of the Regional Medical Association of Schleswig-Holstein.

Certified Medical Quality Manager.

Assessor of the European Foundation of Quality Management (EFQM).

Steveling, Angelika, MD

Department of Traditional Medicine and Pain Management, Grönemeyer Institute of Microtherapy, Bochum, Germany, Chair of Radiology and Microtherapy, University of Witten-Herdecke, Germany. Chiropractor, NLP practitioner, dietetic treatment.

Lecturer for continuing acupuncture education of the Regional Medical Association of Schleswig-Holstein.

Lecturer of the German Medical Association of Acupuncture (DAGfA).

Peuker, Elmar T., MD

Medical specialist in internal and general medicine, medical specialist in anatomy, acupuncture, chiropractic, naturopathy, special pain management. Certified health economist.

Lecturer in Acupuncture and Naturopathy, University of Munster, Germany, and in Chinese Medicine, University of Witten-Herdecke, Germany.

Lecturer of the British Medical Acupuncture Society (BMAS).

Kastner, Joerg, MD

Medical specialist in general medicine, naturopathy, acupuncture, sports medicine, with a practice in Munich, Germany. Research Director of Education in Acupuncture and TCM, Academy for Continuing Medical Education of the Regional Medical Association of Westphalia-Lippe. Founder and Head of the Academy for Acupuncture and TCM, Bochum, Germany. Visiting Professor at the Chinese University Guangxi, China.

Liebchen, Kay, MD

Medical specialist in orthopedics/rheumatology, chiropractic, physiotherapy, special pain management, sports medicine.

Instructor at the German Society for Chiropractic (MWE) and at the Academy for Osteopathy, Damp, Germany.

Lecturer for Acupuncture, Academy of Continuing Medical Education of the Regional Medical Association of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, with a focus on combining acupuncture with manual therapy, osteopathy, trigger point therapy, and Aku-taping. Author and co-author of many books and articles.

Chairman of the German Society for Aku-Taping.

Collaborators

Prof. Kopp, Stefan, DMD

Chief Physician and Director of the “Carolinum” Dental Institute, Orthodontic Outpatient Clinic, Clinical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt Germany.

Peters, Gustav, MD

Medical specialist in general medicine, acupuncture, homeopathy, and chiropractic, Hankensbüttel, Germany.

Lecturer of the German Medical Association of Acupuncture (DÄGfA).

Focus on ear acupuncture/auriculomedicine.

Hammes, Michael G., MD

Assistant physician, Neurological Clinic, Clinical Center Lippe-Lemgo, Germany. Acupuncture, special pain management. Postgraduate studies of TCM in China.

Lecturer and board member of the German Medical Association of Acupuncture (DÄGfA).

Contents

Part 1:Body Acupuncture Points

The Lung Channel

The Large Intestine Channel

The Stomach Channel

The Spleen Channel

The Heart Channel

The Small Intestine Channel

The Bladder Channel

The Kidney Channel

The Pericardium Channel

The Triple Warmer Channel

The Gall Bladder Channel

The Liver Channel

The Conception Vessel (Ren Mai)

The Governor Vessel (Du Mai)

The Extra Points

Part 2:Ear Acupuncture Points

Anatomy of the Outer Ear (Auricula)

Zones of Auricular Innervation According to Nogier

Zones of Auricular Innervation According to Durinjan

Topography of Reflex Zones

Points on the Lobule According to Chinese Nomenclature

Points on the Lobule According to Nogier

Points on the Tragus According to Chinese Nomenclature

Points on the Tragus According to Nogier and Bahr

Points on the Intertragic Notch According to Chinese Nomenclature

Points on the Intertragic Notch According to Nogier

Points on the Antitragus According to Chinese Nomenclature

Points on the Antitragus According to Nogier

Projection of the Skeleton According to Nogier

Projection Zones of the Spinal Column According to Nogier

Nervous Organ Points of the Paravertebral Chain of Sympathetic Ganglia

The Ear Relief in Cross Section (Zones I to VIII)

Nervous Control Points of Endocrine Glands

Plexus Points in the Concha According to Nogier

Points in the Triangular Fossa According to Chinese Nomenclature

Points on the Ascending Helix According to Chinese Nomenclature

Points on the Helix According to Nogier

Covered Points on the Helix According to Nogier

Projection Zones of Internal Organs According to Chinese Nomenclature

Projection Zones of the Internal Organs According to Nogier

Energy and Treatment Lines on the Auricula

Part 3:Trigger Points

Definition of Trigger Points

Epidemiology

Muscle Physiology

Pathophysiology of Myofascial Pain

Chronification of Myofascial Pain Syndromes

Basic Therapeutic Considerations

Specific Trigger Point Examination and Therapy

Temporal Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points at the Temporal Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gnathological Aspects of the Temporal Muscle, Anterior Part

Gnathological Aspects of the Temporal Muscle, Medial Part

Gnathological Aspects of the Temporal Muscle, Posterior Part

Masseter Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Masseter Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection.

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gnathological Aspects of the Masseter Muscle, Superficial Part

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Point and Its Localization

Gnathological Aspects of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Trapezius Muscle

Short Muscles of the Neck (Rectus Capitis Posterior Major and Minor Muscles, Superior and Inferior Oblique Muscles of the Head)

Description of the Muscles

Trigger Points of the Short Neck Muscles

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Splenius Muscle of the Head

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Splenius Muscle of the Head

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalene Muscles

Description of the Muscle

Anterior scalende muscle

Middle scalene muscle

Posterior scalene muscle

Trigger Points of the Scalene Muscle

Trigger Points of the Scalene Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Trapezius Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gnathological Aspects of the Trapezius Muscle, Transverse Part

Levator Muscle of Scapula

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Levator Muscle of Scapula

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gnathological Aspects of the Levator Muscle of Scapula

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gnathological Aspects of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Subclavius Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Subclavius Muscle

Trigger Points of the Subclavius Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Area of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Greater Pectoral Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Greater Pectoral Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Smaller Pectoral Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Smaller Pectoral Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Smaller and Greater Rhomboid Muscles

Description of the Muscles

Smaller Rhomboid Muscle

Greater Rhomboid Muscle

Trigger Points of Smaller and Greater Rhomboid Muscles

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Supraspinatus Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Supraspinatus Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Infraspinatus Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Infraspinatus Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Subscapular Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Subscapular Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Long Radial Extensor Muscle of Wrist

Supinator Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Supinator Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points of the Supinator Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Long Radial Extensor Muscle of Wrist

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Extensor Muscle of Fingers

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Extensor Muscle of Fingers

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Iliac Muscle

Pronator Teres Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Pronator Teres Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points of the Pronator Teres Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Superficial Flexor Muscle of Fingers

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Superficial Flexor Muscle of the Fingers

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Trigger Points of the Superficial Flexor Muscle of the Fingers

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Superficial Flexor Muscle of Fingers

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

External Oblique Muscle of the Abdomen

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the External Oblique Muscle of the Abdomen

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points of the External Oblique Muscle of the Abdomen

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

External Oblique Muscle of the Abdomen

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Iliac Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Greater Psoas Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Psoas Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Acupuncture Points of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Gluteus Medius Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Gluteus Medius Muscle

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points of the Gluteus Medius Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger and Acupuncture Points of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection.

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Piriformis Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Piriformis Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger and Acupuncture Points of the Piriformis Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Quadriceps Fermoris Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Trigger Points of the Quadriceps Fermoris Muscle

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Trigger Points of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Trigger Points of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Important Acupuncture Points and Their Localizations

Trigger and Acupuncture Points of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Hamstring Muscles (Biceps Muscle of Thigh, Semimembranosus Muscle, Semitendinosus Muscle)

Description of the Muscles

Trigger Points of the Hamstring Muscles

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Gracilis Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Gracilis Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Gastrocnemius Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Points of the Gastrocnemius Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

Anterior Tibial Muscle

Description of the Muscle

Trigger Point of the Anterior Tibial Muscle

Preliminary Remarks

Examination of Trigger Points

Therapy of Trigger Points

Trigger Points and Areas of Pain Projection

Important Acupuncture Points and their Localizations

References

Further Reading

Picture credits

List of Points

Part 1: Body Acupuncture Points in Alphabetical Order

Part 2: Ear Acupuncture Points

Ear Points (Chinese Nomenclature) in Numerical Order

Ear Points (Nogier and Bahr) in Alphabetical Order

Part 3 Trigger Points in Alphabetical Order of the Muscles involved

Index

Localization of Acupunture Points

In China, acupuncture points are primarily localized using proportional measurements expressed in body Cun. The unit of measurement, Cun, is further divided into Fen so that 1 Cun equals 10 Fen.

For various body regions, proportional measurements are given in Cun. For example, the distance between elbow crease and wrist measures 12 Cun. In the lower arm region, specifications in Cun are always made according to these proportional measurements given as a total number of Cun. For example, a distance of 4 Cun from the dorsal wrist crease means that the point lies proximal to the wrist crease at one-third of the total distance between elbow crease and wrist.

The proportional orientation takes into account individual variations in body proportions. This is of particular importance in the abdominal region. For example, 1 Cun cranial to the symphysis does not mean that the point (CV-3) is found one width of a patient's thumb above the symphysis. Instead, the total distance between the navel and upper margin of the symphysis has to be subdivided into five equal sections (e.g., by using a graded rubber band as a measuring tape). The point to be localized lies proximal to one-fifth of the total distance between the navel and upper margin of the symphysis. Only if orientation according to the proportional measurements in body Cun is not feasible, is the patient's thumb Cun used as a unit of measurement.

The Proportional Measurement Based on Body Cun

Face

The distance between both acupoints ST-8 measures 9 Cun.

Thorax

The distance between the sternal manubrium and base of the xiphoid process measures 9 Cun. However, orientation in the thoracic region is based on intercostal spaces (ICS). The transition between sternal manubrium and sternal body is clearly palpable in the area of the sternal synchondrosis. The 2nd rib lies lateral to this transition. The 2nd ICS lies caudal to the 2nd rib.

The distance between the two mamillae measures 8 Cun.

Abdomen

The distance between the base of the xiphoid process and the navel measures 8 Cun.

The distance between the navel and the upper margin of the symphysis measures 5 Cun.

Upper Extremity

The distance between the elbow crease and the upper fold of the armpit measures 9 Cun.

The distance between the elbow crease and the palmar wrist crease measures 12 Cun.

Lower Extremity

Lateral side: The distance between the highest point of the greater trochanter and the knee-joint crevice (lower edge of patella) measures 19 Cun.

The distance between the knee-joint crevice and the highest point of the lateral malleolus measures 16 Cun.

Medial side: The distance between the upper margin of the symphysis and the transition of the femoral shaft to the medial epicondyle measures 18 Cun.

The distance between the transition of the tibial shaft to the medial condyle of tibia and the medial malleolus measures 13 Cun.

Dorsal Body

The distance between both mastoid processes measures 9 Cun.

The distance between the dorsal midline through the spinous processes and medial margin of the scapula at the attachment of the scapular spine measures 3 Cun (in a patient with the arms hanging down).

Lateral Head

The distance between the middle of the frontal hairline and the middle of the dorsal hairline measures 12 Cun.

The distance between the middle of the eyebrow and the frontal hairline measures 3 Cun.

The distance between the spinous process of C7 and the dorsal hairline measures 3 Cun.

The Proportional Measurement Based on Finger Cun

The distance between the palmar crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the palmar crease of the distal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger measures 1 Cun.

At its greatest width, the thumb measures 1 Cun.

Middle and index fingers together measure 1.5 Cun in the most distal region. Middle, index, and ring fingers together measure 2 Cun in the most distal region. Middle, index, ring, and little fingers together measure 3 Cun in the widest area over the knuckles.

Part 1:Body Acupuncture Points

The Lung Channel

Major Points of the Lung Channel

LU-1:

Front Collecting Point (Mu Point) of the Lung.

LU-5:

Sedation point.

LU-7:

Connecting Point (Luo Point).Opening Point of the ConceptionVessel Ren Mai.

LU-9:

Source Point (Yuan Point). Tonification point. Master Point of the blood vessels.

LU-11:

Local point.

Points Associated with the Lung Channel

LU-1:

Front Collecting Point (Mu Point) of the Lung.

BL-13:

Back Transporting Point (Back Shu Point) of the Lung.

Coupling Relationships of the Lung Channel

Top-to-bottom coupling:

Lung−Spleen

Yin-Yang coupling:

Lung−Large Intestine

LU-1 Zhong Fu

“Central Treasury”

(“Central Mansion”)

Front Collecting Point (Mu Point) of the Lung

Location: 6 Cun lateral to the median line, 1 Cun below the clavicle, slightly medial to the caudal border of the coracoid process, at the level of the first intercostal space (ICS 1).

To find the coracoid process, palpate in cranial direction along the anterior fold of the armpit until you feel a distinct bony marker. The coracoid process is best palpated when gliding the finger at the caudal margin of the clavicle in lateral direction. In front of the bony structure to be searched for, the finger slides into a soft depression (absence of the bony ribs). The coracoid process is located slightly further laterally.

Differentiation between the coracoid process and lesser tubercle of humerus: When the arm is rotated slightly outward and the elbow flexed, the coracoid process does not move, while the lesser tubercle of humerus immediately follows the movement.

Advice: LU-1 lies in the area of tendon insertions of the smaller pectoral muscle, biceps muscle of arm (short head) and coracobrachial muscle; these muscles are often shortened and sensitive to pressure in cases of poor posture in the thoracic region.

Depth of needling: 0.3 to 0.5 Cun, obliquely in lateral direction.

This point belongs to the dangerous acupuncture points because of the risk of causing a pneumothorax (especially if there is an emphysema vesicle in older patients) by improper needling in mediodorsal direction. The point should only be needled in laterodorsal direction, i.e., in the direction of the coracoid process, or tangentially along the coracoid process.

Indication: Diseases of the respiratory tract, cough and bronchitis with phlegm, bronchial asthma, tonsillitis, shoulder−arm syndrome, pain in the chest.

Action in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Used predominantly in the acute phase of symptom patterns of Congestion or Stagnation; regulates the circulation of Lung Qi and stimulates its descending, expels Heat and Phlegm Heat from the Lung, invigorates Lung Qi, clears and opens the Upper Warmer.

LU-1 + LU-5: Sedative effect; expel Lung Heat and Phlegm Heat.

LU-1 + LU-7: In cases of pain, stiffness in the chest, neck, and shoulder girdle.

LU-1 + LU-7 + CV-17: Unresolved grief, depression, melancholia.

LU-5 Chi Ze

“Cubit Marsh”

Sedation Point

Location: Radial to the biceps tendons in the elbow crease.

The biceps tendons are best found when the lower arm is flexed and supine.

Depth of needling: 0.5 to 1 Cun, perpendicularly.

Indication: Bronchial asthma, bronchitis, croup, tonsillitis, epicondylopathy, skin diseases; possibly microphlebotomy in case of Congestion diseases, possibly moxibustion in case of weakness (caution: asthma, ragweed allergy); pain and swelling on the inside of the knee, pain in the shoulder.

H. Schmidt: Repeated moxa in case of croup.

J. Bischko: Facial skin diseases.

Action in TCM: Used predominantly in symptom patterns of Congestion; cools Heat in the Upper Warmer, clears Lung Heat, expels Lung Phlegm, regulates Lung Qi and stimulates its descending, relaxes the tendons.

LU-5 + ST-40: Sedative effect; acute and chronic bronchitis with lots of phlegm.

LU-5 + KI-6: Tonification effect; Yin Deficiency of Lung, e.g., chronic dryness of the throat.

LU-7 Lie Que

“Broken Sequence”

(“Branching Crevice”)

Connecting Point (Luo Point)

Opening Point of the Conception

Vessel, Ren Mai

Location: Radiolateral on the lower arm, in a V-shaped groove proximal to the styloid process of radius, 1.5 Cun proximal to the crease of the wrist.

This groove is created by the tendon of the brachioradial muscle which inserts here at the radius under the long abductor muscle of thumb.

The tiger mouth grip may be used here for finding this point (see fig. at bottom of p. 4). LU-7 lies on the border between the inside and outside of the lower arm, right in front of the tip of the examiner's index finger.As a point of a Yin Channel, Point LU-7 still lies just within the Yin region.

To find the point, avoid forming an angle between hand and lower arm regions of both arms when using the tiger mouth grip.

Method of needling: Lift the skin by forming a skin fold proximal to the styloid process of radius, then insert the needle in the lifted fold in oblique proximal direction.

Depth of needling: 0.5 to 1 Cun, obliquely in proximal direction.

Indication: Bronchial asthma, bronchitis, cough, arthralgia of the wrist, migraine, cephalalgia, autonomic dysregulation, tics in the facial area, stuffy nose, facial paralysis.

Action in TCM: Stimulates the dispersing and descending of Lung Qi; expels pathogenic factors, particularly exterior Wind and Wind Cold, and to a lesser extent also Wind Heat; stimulates sweating, opens the nose, communicates with the Large Intestine. The point is used in cases of mental and emotional problems resulting from Lung Disharmony, e.g., unresolved grief, repressed emotions, depression.

LU-7 + LI-20: Stuffy or running nose, cough.

LU-9 Tai Yuan

“Great Abyss” (“Great Gulf”)

Source Point (Yuan Point)

Tonification Point

Master Point of the Blood Vessels

Location: Radial side of the flexion crease of the wrist, lateral to the radial artery. Of the existing wrist creases, one should use the one lying between radius and ulna on one side and the bones of the wrist on the other side. The wrist crease lying distal to the clearly palpable end of the styloid process of radius should be selected.

The desired position of the needle is close to the radial artery. This results in a direct effect on the perivascular sympathetic neurovascular plexus. (Explanation of the effect of acupuncture according to König and Wancura: LU-9 is the Master Point for blood vessels.) The position of the needle is therefore correct when the needle pulses. From now on, however, there must be no more stimulation with the needle, i.e., the sedation method should not be used. As long as bypass circulation through the ulnar artery exists (to be established by prior palpation of the ulnar artery), accidental puncture of the radial artery has no effect whatsoever if subsequently compressed.

Depth of needling: 2 to 3 mm, perpendicularly.

Indication: Diseases of the respiratory tract, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, cough, circulatory disorders, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, Raynaud's disease, affections of the wrist.

Action in TCM: The most important point for tonifying Lung Qi and Lung Yin; promotes and regulates the circulation of Lung Qi, alleviates cough, removes Phlegm, clears Heat from Lung and Liver, expels Wind, promotes circulation of Blood.

LU-9 + BL-13 + ST-36: Very effective in chronic Lung Qi Deficiency.

LU-9 + CV-6: Generalized Qi Deficiency, such as chronic fatigue.

LU-11 Shao Shang

“Lesser Shang” (“Young Shang”)

Location: Radial angle of the thumbnail (Chinese), ulnar angle of the thumbnail (J.Bischko). As shown in the figure, the thumbnail point is localized on the intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines of the nail.

Depth of needling: 1 to 2 mm, perpendicularly; let bleed if necessary.

Indication: Inflammatory diseases of the throat.

J. Bischko: Master Point for diseases of the throat (see remark), possibly with microphlebotomy in case of acute symptoms.

Remark: Apart from the eight proper Master Points (LR-13, CV-12 and 17, BL-11 and 17, GB-34 and 39, LU-9), J. Bischko described about 40 additional “Master Points.”

Action in TCM: Cools Lung Heat, expels exterior and interior Wind, eliminates Wind Heat, benefits the throat, frees the senses, awakens from unconsciousness, regulates descending Lung Qi.

The Large Intestine Channel

Major Points of the Large Intestine Channel

LI-1:

Local point.

LI-4:

Source Point (Yuan Point).

LI-10:

Local point.

LI-11:

Tonification point.

LI-14:

Local point.

LI-15:

Local point.

LI-20:

Local point.

Points Associated with the Large Intestine Channel

ST-25:

Front Collecting Point (Mu Point) of the Large Intestine.

BL-25:

Back Transporting Point (Back Shu Point) of the Large Intestine.

ST-37:

Lower Sea Point (Lower He Point) of the Large Intestine.

Coupling Relationships of the Large Intestine Channel

Top-to-bottom coupling:

Large Intestine−Stomach

Yang-Yin coupling:

Large Intestine−Lung

LI-1 Shang Yang

“Shang Yang”

Location: Radial corner of the nail of the index finger (for exact localization of starting and end points of the Channels of the hand, see Point LU-11).

Depth of needling: 1 to 2 mm, perpendicularly, let bleed if necessary.

Indication: Acute fever, acute toothache, acute inflammation of the throat; important analgetic point.

J. Bischko: Master Point for toothache.

Remark: For more details on Master Points according to J. Bischko, see Point LU-11.

Action in TCM: Expels exterior pathogenic factors, such as Heat, Wind Heat, Wind Cold; benefits the throat, clears the Mind and the eyes.

LI-4 He Gu

“Union Valley” (“Connected Valleys,”

“Enclosed Valley”)

Source Point (Yuan Point)

Location: There are several possibilities for localizing this most commonly used acupuncture point:

When the thumb is abducted, the point lies halfway on the line connecting the middle of metacarpal bone I with the middle of metacarpal bone II. The needle is pushed forward about 0.5 to 1 Cun in the direction of the lower surface of the shaft of metacarpal bone II.

When the thumb is adducted, the highest point of the dorsal interosseous muscle I, which is contracted during adduction and pushed upward by the adductor muscle of thumb, is used for needling. After inserting the needle, the hand is immediately allowed to relax and the needle is pushed forward approximately 0.5 to 1 Cun toward the middle of the lower surface of metacarpal bone II. This kind of localization can only be used when the highest point of the muscle bulge lies in the middle of metacarpal bone II.

When the thumb is abducted, palpation is carried out in the direction of metacarpal bone II with the other hand's angled phalange of thumb. This localization aid serves particularly to feel the De Qi sensation. The angled thumb is pressed moderately firmly against the lower surface of metacarpal bone II. Point LI-4 in the lower figure thus corresponds to the deep localization of the point.

Depth of needling: 0.5 to 1 Cun, slightly oblique in proximal direction toward the palm.

Indication: This is the most important analgetic Point which affects the entire body; fever, beginning of feverish colds, hemiplegia, acne, eczema, affections of the head region (pain, inflammation, allergic reactions), facial paralysis, abdominal symptoms, general effect on metabolism, labor-promoting effect, dysmenorrhea.

Point LI-4 must not be needled during pregnancy, except to facilitate birth.

Action in TCM: Expels exterior pathogenic factors, especially Wind; relieves the Exterior of the body, purges Cold, expels Heat and Summer Heat, alleviates pain, calms the Mind (Shen), regulates Qi of Large Intestine, harmonizes ascending and descending Qi, disperses Lung Qi.

LI-10 Shou San Li

“Arm Three Li” (“Hand Three Li”)

Location: 2 Cun distal to Point LI-11 on the line connecting Points LI-5 and LI-11 in the long radial extensor muscle of wrist (with deep needling into the supinator muscle).

The point is searched for with the lower arm slightly flexed and the thumb pointing upward.

Depth of needling: 1 to 2 Cun, perpendicularly.

Indication: General tonification point (moxa); lateral humeral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), paresis of the upper extremity.

H. Schmidt: Inflammatory facial rash, nasal furuncle (moxa).

J. Bischko: Test point for obstipation.

Action in TCM: