Foundations of the Faith E-Book

Dr. Paul G. Caram

• Herausgeber: Zion Christian Publishers
• Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

It has been said that our doctrine will determine our destiny. In his study of the doctrines of the Bible, Dr. Caram will explore the main doctrines upon which the Christian church is founded, giving us keys to recognizing right doctrine and how we can be transformed to be “living epistles,” having the law of God written upon our hearts.

Leseprobe

FOUNDATIONS of the FAITH

Doctrine I - II

Dr. Paul G. Caram

“Foundations of the Faith”

Copyright © by Paul G. Caram

January 2004 / Fourth Printing

All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations in articles or reviews.

All Scripture quotations in this book are taken from the

King James Version Bible unless otherwise stated.

Published by Zion Christian Publishers

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(August 2022, Version 1.0)

E-book ISBN 1-59665-167-9

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DOCTRINE ONE

DOCTRINE ONE

General Outline:

I. INTRODUCTION TO DOCTRINE

II. THE DOCTRINE OF GOD

III. THE DOCTRINE OF CHRIST

I. INTRODUCTION TO DOCTRINE

A.) BASIC DOCTRINES OF THE WORD OF GOD

B.) NECESSITY AND IMPORTANCE OF DOCTRINE

C.) THE POWER OF TRUTH AND ERROR

D.) THE POWER OF THE MOUTH

1.) Negative Power of the Mouth

2.) Positive Power of the Mouth

E.) LIGHT AND DARKNESS

F.) REASONS CHRISTIANS HAVE ERROR

G.) THE PROBLEM OF TRADITION

I. INTRODUCTION TO DOCTRINE

Doctrine in its simplest form means “teaching.” In the New Testament it means both the act and content of teaching. Doctrine is “a body of teaching used as a standard of orthodoxy; a set of principles and practices.”

A). MAJOR DOCTRINES OF THE BIBLE

1. Theology - the study of God, including His names, attributes, character, and the Trinity.

2. Bibliology - the study of the Scriptures, their canonization, authenticity, and authorship. This is covered in a course entitled “Biblical Introduction.”

3. Christology - the study of the Lord Jesus Christ. His deity and humanity, names and titles, death and resurrection, and His ministries as Prophet, Priest, and King are studied.

4. Pneumatology - the study of the Holy Spirit. As the third member of the Trinity, His Person and ministry is analyzed. His involvement in creation until the present is considered. Also the baptism in the Holy Spirit, and the seven spirits of the Lord are compared. This study is covered in another course entitled “The Comforter.”

5. Anthropology - the study of man as a tri-part being—body, soul, and spirit. His creation and fall are looked at, along with God's original purpose for man and woman.

6. Hamartiology - the study of sin. Original sin, inherited sin, and deliberate sin are differentiated.

7. Soteriology - the study of salvation. This would include the definition of many terms such as redemption, atonement, propitiation, sanctification, justification, and eradication.

8. Ecclesiology - the study of the Church. This is a look at the universal church and God's eternal purposes. Also studied is the local church, its government, offices, functions, and ordinances such as water baptism and communion. This is covered in another course called The Local Church.

9. Angelology - the study of angels and demons. Angelology will look at the fall of Lucifer and the rebellion in heaven, and how this affects the world today. We have a separate course on Angelology.

10. Eschatology - the study of the end times. The Second Coming of Christ, the Antichrist, the Great Tribulation, the Millennium, and the new heaven and earth are looked at in depth. These topics are covered in two other courses—Daniel and Revelation.

The above are the major fields of doctrine in the Bible. In addition to these, there are many other doctrines which are subheadings of the above ten. They would include: divine healing, finances, marriage, music and worship, unity, the restoration of the Church and of Israel, and many others. DOCTRINE ONE focuses on the Doctrine of God and of Christ. DOCTRINE TWO is the Doctrine of Man, Sin, and Salvation. Therefore, we are analyzing five main areas of truth in this textbook.

B). NECESSITY AND IMPORTANCE OF DOCTRINE

What is Doctrine? As we have already said, doctrine in its simplest form means “teaching.” In the New Testament it means both the act and content of teaching. Doctrine basically refers to “some body of teaching used as a standard of orthodoxy; a set of principles and practices.” Doctrine is not something to be shunned. Right doctrine is truth. It is refreshing like the morning dew of heaven (Deut. 32:2).

Jesus had Doctrine: “The people were astonished at his doctrine (or teaching) for he taught them as one having authority...” (Mt. 7:28-29). Jesus claimed that his doctrine was divine. He declared: “My doctrine is not mine, but his that sent me.” (see Jn. 7:16-17).

The Doctrine of the Apostles: “And they continued steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship” (Acts 2:42). After the Day of Pentecost, Christian doctrine (the body of orthodox teaching) began to be formulated and presented to those who responded to the gospel. The apostles received their doctrine from Christ, the Chief Cornerstone (Eph. 2:20, 3:5).

Where Do We Receive Our Doctrine? We must forfeit our own ideas and convictions. Some people are ready to die for their convictions. Thus, we better be sure they are God's convictions and not our own. Paul received his gospel from God (Gal.1:11-12). We must get our doctrine (teachings, ideas, and convictions) from God. We must not present our own opinions. Only truth that is spoken in season, under the anointing, will help people. Our own ideas will not help but only hinder others. God will not anoint our ideas. We must obtain our doctrine from:

• The Lord Himself. This comes from an intimate fellowship with Him and being anointed.

• The Holy Scriptures. The doctrine of the apostles and prophets.

• Anointed Teachers. God has placed teachers in the Body (Eph. 4:11, 1 Cor.12:28).

Teachers of Doctrine: (Eph. 4:11, 1 Cor.12:28-29) There are some in the Church whose official function is to teach the believers. Some truths are simple and foundational, but then there are also deeper truths (1 Cor. 3:2 milk vs. meat). Some teachers specialize in certain areas of truth. For example, one man may place his emphasis on marriage and order in the home. Others may stress the importance of finance, or music. Still others may teach on the gifts of the Holy Spirit or divine healing. In the Old Testament, the Levites and prophets taught the people (2 Chron.17:8-9, 30:22). There is a tremendous difference between a Sunday school teacher in a local church, and a teacher sent from God to the Body of Christ. This is one of the fivefold ministries of Christ.

Importance of Doctrine: Right doctrine can literally save us and those who hear us (1 Tim. 4:16). It will lead us to full redemption from sin and perfection (2 Tim. 3:16-17). “But ye have obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine which was delivered you …being then made free from sin …” (Rom. 6:17-18). Obeying the truth purifies our soul, over and over again (1 Pet.1:22). On the other hand, some doctrines can defile or even destroy us (2 Cor.11:3-4, 11:15, 2 Pet. 2:1). What we believe produces a lifestyle and ultimately determines our destiny. Do not let anyone tell you that what you believe is not important, as long as we just love one another. Not only must we know the truth, we must continue to obey the truth and walk in the truth.

Key to Having Right Doctrine: (See — “Reasons Christians Have Error”). The key to having right doctrine depends upon the condition of our heart, not being an intellectual giant. In John 7:17 it says that the man or woman who is willing to do God’s will shall know if a doctrine is from God, or from man. When people evade God’s will to do their own, they always have cloudy doctrine, but obedience brings a clear mind. I cannot overemphasize this.

“The pure in heart will see” (Mt. 5:8). Obey the will of God for your life and your whole being will be flooded with light and understanding. Israel could not perceive what God was doing because their hearts were so hard and unbelieving. Thus, God deprived them of understanding. Read Deuteronomy 29:2-4, Hebrews 3:7-11. Disobedience brings darkness into the heart (cf. Rom.1:21).

We Must Have Growing Doctrine: No matter how much we have learned, Jesus has more to reveal. We must never stop growing and learning as the Laodiceans (Rev. 3:17-19). Paul said in the maturity of his life; “I have not yet attained.” He was still stretching forward to reach the mark, the prize (Phil. 3:12-14). May we never feel that we have come to the apex of spirituality. On the contrary, we should realize that we have barely scratched the surface of what God has to reveal.

People who are locked up in the prison of tradition believe that they have reached the summit! Often there is a feeling, even among Spirit-filled people, that everything that can be known about spiritual matters is already known and understood, but this is a false notion (1 Cor. 8:2). We must not limit God! He always has much more to show us. God is infinite (Psa.147:5). He will be unfolding the unsearchable riches of His grace unto us for all eternity (Eph. 2:7).

True and False Doctrine: True doctrine [or teaching] comes from the Holy Spirit. He is called “The Spirit of Truth” in John 16:13. False doctrine comes from the mind of man or from an evil spirit. There is tremendous error with our natural mind. It is an enemy of God (Rom. 8:6-7).

False doctrine, though it is sometimes the result of ignorance, is more often because of impure motives. “He that speaketh of himself seeketh his own glory; but he that seeketh his glory that sent him, the same is true, and no unrighteousness is in him” (Jn. 7:18). This was said in the context of having right doctrine (Jn. 7:16-18). If we want discernment and right doctrine, we must not seek our own glory. Faith and understanding are hindered by selfish motives (Jn. 5:44).

Words and ideas have a tremendous spiritual force in them. Doctrines (teachings, ideas) are inspired by either the Spirit of Truth or the spirit of error (1 Jn. 4:6). The tongue, which is the most powerful member of our body, releases one or the other. Adolph Hitler's tongue destroyed a whole nation and started a world war. He spread the same venomous spirit he had to all of Germany—by his mouth. Hitler threw his mantle over all of Germany. Thus, we see the power of the mouth.

PRIDE is the greatest reason for deception, false doctrine, and false religions. People want to claim sole ownership of some new idea or concept that no one else has ever thought of before. Prediction, too, can be pride, a golden idol. Men want to glory in their ability to forecast future events.

C). THE POWER OF TRUTH AND ERROR

(Truth and Error Compared)

Doctrine is a belief or concept. What we believe has a great effect upon us. “As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he” (Prov. 23:7). Often our ways are not God's ways and that is because our thoughts are not His thoughts (see Isa. 55:8-9). What we believe is important because:

• An idea makes us live a certain way. If we think wrong, we will act wrong.

• It will produce fruit in our life. Truth produces Christlikeness within our lives. Something false can hinder, distort, and even warp a person. This is the reason Paul was jealous over the Corinthian believers. He knew that a wrong belief would produce the wrong fruit (2 Cor.11:2-4). He told them that if they received another Jesus and another gospel, they would be receiving another spirit.

• It will take us somewhere. An idea produces a lifestyle which will lead us somewhere. It will either take us toward God’s goal, or away from it.

• Believing the truth can save our soul. Believing a lie could make us lose our soul. It depends on what doctrine it is. Some doctrines are much more serious than others.

Doctrine is a belief. It produces a way of life. Thus, we should be careful what we imbibe. Remember, an idea takes us somewhere. Consider where the idea came from and from whom. Whenever there is a new doctrine or movement going around, observe who follows it. This should give us a clue whether it is of God or not! Where are those who propagate the “cause” going, and where are they going to end up? Hebrews 13:7 tells us to follow the godly: “Whose faith follow, considering the end of their [lifestyle].” Remember, we take on the characteristics of those to whom we listen. By adhering to the words of the godly, we are fashioned like the One they are following. But if we hearken to those who are going their own way, we receive their mentality and become like them.

D). POWER OF THE MOUTH

(The power of a concept)

Every doctrine promotes a concept, a mentality, and therefore a way of life. Behind every doctrine or teaching is a spiritual force. This is the reason doctrine is so important. As we have already mentioned, wrong doctrine is not just an error. It is “the spirit of error.” On the other hand, right doctrine comes from the Spirit of Truth, the Holy Spirit. Every time someone speaks, a spiritual force issues from the mouth and it is coming from one of three sources:

• From the human spirit

• From the Holy Spirit

• From an evil spirit

Let's consider the negative power of the tongue, then the positive.

1.) Negative Power of the Tongue

Wrong words - eat like a canker. 2 Timothy 2:17-18 “Their word will eat as doth a canker...who concerning the truth have erred...and have overthrown the faith of some.” Wrong doctrine is a devouring spirit. It devours faith. Words are spirit and can build up or tear down (Job 19:2, 6:24, 4:4).

Wrong words - deflect us from the mark. 2 Corinthians 11:4 Others were preaching “another Jesus” “another gospel” to the Corinthians. The Corinthians, in receiving a false message, were actually “receiving another spirit.” When you accept a wrong doctrine, you are accepting another spirit. It will produce the wrong fruit in your life and take you away from the mark.

Wrong words - bring bondage. Galatians 2:4-5 Paul said false brethren were propagating wrong doctrine … “that they might bring us into bondage.” Wrong teaching brings people into bondage. In verse 5, Paul would not tolerate it … “that the truth of the gospel might continue” with them. Paul knew his converts would not come to Christian perfection if they embraced a false idea, a false spirit. He knew it would blemish and distort them.

People with no convictions are termed “simple” in Scripture (Rom.16:18). These create no strife, for they can flow with anyone and everything, whether it is good or evil. We must learn to draw the line! Do you realize that it is an evil thing to be simple and undiscerning? A person could lose his soul because of it. It is really that serious! We better read Romans 16:18 again.

Wrong words - take our peace. 2 Thessalonians 2:2 “That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter [supposed to have come] from us.” Read 2:3. People were forging letters in Paul’s name, saying that the Lord was about to come or had already come. Paul said, “The Lord will not come until the Man of Sin is revealed first.” The point I want to make is this: words can upset us—not just spoken words, but written words too. When I was in college, my mother wrote me a short note, saying that a friend had been killed in the Vietnam war. Those few words scratched out on a piece of paper tremendously affected my spirit. I was devastated. In a sense, spirit, word, and letter are synonymous. Words are spirit! They are powerful, whether spoken or written. Books have spirits in them. You will receive the spirit of the author and the spirit that inspired the author. I am referring to Christian books and magazines as well as others. Be selective in what you digest.

Wrong words - a wrong spirit. 1 John 4:1 “Believe not every spirit, but [test] the spirits whether they are of God.” How do these spirits manifest themselves? Usually through people! “Because many false prophets are gone into the world.” Read also verses 2-3— “Every spirit that confesses [through people] that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is of God. And every spirit that confesses not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God … this is the spirit of antichrist.” This spirit is in people. It is manifested through their mouths by preaching and teaching, and also writing.

Wrong words - doctrines of demons. 1 Timothy 4:1 “…Some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of demons.” 4:2 - “Speaking lies in hypocrisy.” This shows us the origin of false doctrines that people speak and propagate. It comes from evil spirits. When people get these evil spirits in them, it energizes them with supernatural strength to propagate their “cause.” This is the reason a Mormon or Jehovah's Witness has boundless energy. Satan is not there to hinder them, but in actual fact, to help them.

Why do deceiving spirits get into people? Often the deception thrives because of a proud heart. (See Obadiah 1:3). “The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee.” Paul later reminds Timothy to take heed to the established doctrine; it would save both him and his hearers (1 Tim. 4:16). The truth can save men, but error can absolutely ruin them and cause them to lose their souls. Such is the power of words, concepts, and doctrines. Remember, the truth will set us free (Jn. 8:31-32).

Wrong words - damnable heresies. 2 Peter 2:1 “Damnable heresies” by false teachers will bring “swift destruction.” Believing a lie can utterly destroy a person. Once again, we see the power of words. In believing a lie one is accepting a wrong spirit and it will cause him or her to live wrong. Some wrong doctrines are serious enough to damn someone. Others, however, are not as serious.

Wrong words - a lying spirit. 2 Chronicles 18:22 “The Lord hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of these thy prophets.” Ahab followed their prophecies and died. Because of wickedness, God sends strong delusion to induce people to believe a lie (2 Thes. 2:10-12). Once again we see that the mouth is able to bring men and women to ruin. While we are on the subject of prophecy, we should also understand that prophecies pronounced over us tend to pull us in a certain direction, even if they are not from God but merely from the natural mind. The power of suggestion can sway us.

Wrong words - a river of slander. Revelation 12:15 “The serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the woman [or Church] that he might cause her to be carried away of the flood.” This flood cast out of the serpent's mouth is slander. It is a verbal attack against the Christians. In Revelation 13:5-6, Satan speaks through his man, the Antichrist. “And there was given him a mouth speaking great things, and blasphemies.” The serpent's power is in his mouth. Even Satan has a “river” flowing out of him. He has a tremendous anointing but it is a counterfeit of the true.

Wrong words - wrong fruit. 2 Corinthians 10:5 “Casting down [reasonings].” Many rationalizations come from Satan. These thoughts are converted into words and then propagated to others. The poison is spread to others by words. The unsurrendered tongue is a “world of iniquity” according to James 3:6. Words are powerful. The universe was created by them. Most of our problems stem from the wrong words that were planted in us when we were young which have shaped our character and self-image. We need renewed minds. Our thoughts are not God’s thoughts, therefore, our ways are not his ways (Isa. 55:8-9). Right thoughts produce the right ways and the right fruit.

Two Rivers in the Last days:

There will be two great spiritual forces unleashed in the last days. This is the conflict of the ages.

• Out of the mouth of Satan and his followers will flow a river of slander and abuse (Rev.12:15).

• Out of the mouth of the Lord and His people will flow rivers of living waters (Jn. 7:38, Joel 2:28).

This stream will have words of life. The other stream will have words that kill and destroy.

2.) Positive Power of the Tongue

Right words - bring life. John 6:63 “The words that I speak unto you are spirit and life.” The right words bring life unto us. Of Christ it was said: “Never man spake like this man” (Jn. 7:46). Christ is within us. He desires to speak great things through us. Lord, make us your mouth, your voice! Remember, words are spirit. Man is spirit too. This is the reason words can so affect us.

Right words - make us clean. John 15:3 “Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you.” Anointed words can wash and make us so clean (Eph. 5:26). The Word of God can show us our deepest motives (Heb. 4:12). When you have been in a church service and after the message has been delivered, ask yourself this question: “Do I feel washed and clean?” Sometimes you might feel contaminated and that is because the fountain that was issuing from the speaker was polluted.

Right words - bring remedy. Job 6:25 “How forcible are right words!” The right words really get the job done. In counseling it means the right diagnosis has been made and the right solution given. Arguing is sometimes the reaction of not making the right diagnosis. When you tell people that they love their problems and their bondages, and they only want pity, you better be sure you are right! Otherwise you will make their problems worse and their burdens heavier. In Job's situation, his friends had misjudged the situation.

Right words - God speaking through us. 2 Samuel 23:2 “The Spirit of the Lord spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.” God spoke through David and this is something to desire greatly. Paul said to desire earnestly the best gifts, but especially that you may prophesy (cf. 1 Cor.14:1). God said in David, “Today if you will hear my voice” (Heb. 4:7). God cleansed Isaiah's lips so that He could speak more effectively through him (Isa. 6:5-8). According to Acts 28:25, the Holy Spirit spoke mightily through Isaiah. “Well spake the Holy Ghost by Isaiah the prophet...” The Holy Spirit is looking for people through whom He can speak.

Matthew 10:19-20 is an exhortation and encouragement to saints who are persecuted. Those who are called upon to give an account of their faith are not to premeditate what to say, “For it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak. For it is not you that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you.” God wants to speak through us. The Creator who spoke this world into existence wants to speak through us.

To Jeremiah God said, “This day have I put my words in thy mouth” (Jer.1:9). In 5:14 He said: “Behold I will make my words in thy mouth fire.” Fire can come out of our mouth when we are preaching and it can burn up dross in the people we are ministering unto. It can feel very uncomfortable. God can speak dramatically through us, but He can also speak very gently. It all depends on the mood of the Spirit. He can manifest Himself through us as fire to burn up dross in the lives of our hearers, or He can flow through us as a refreshing river.

Right Words - quench spiritual thirst and feed spiritual hunger. Proverbs 10:11 “The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life.” When anointed, our words can quench a thirsty soul and bring refreshing to one who is dry. “The lips of the righteous feed many” (Prov.10:21). Words spoken under the anointing can also nourish a hungry and feeble soul. Christ promises that every one who hungers and thirsts for righteousness shall be filled (cf. Mt. 5:6). But how are they filled? Often they are fed and watered by shepherds with an anointed ministry. Our mouth can feed the hungry and water the thirsty. According to Isaiah 50:4, God can give us the tongue of the learned to know how to speak to those who are weary. We should encourage and praise people often, especially the younger ones. The right word can make a stooping heart revive (Prov.12:25).

Right words - a right confession that brings the victory. Malachi 3:16 When the saints make Christ the center of their conversation, it brings His presence. God comes where He feels welcome. It starts in our thoughts and then permeates our conversations. In Malachi, the saints who thought often about the Lord, spoke often about Him too. This invites His presence. Let us make Him the focus, the center of our attention. The confession of our mouth means a lot.

On the other hand, if we speak often about the devil and demons, it actually invites them. They love attention. Besides this, demons need “food.” They stay where they have attention and where they are well fed. They are attracted to and feast upon unsavory topics. They feed upon depressing things: gloom, problems, miserable experiences, anguish, regret, self-pity, unforgiveness, hatred and bitterness. For this reason we must give them nothing to eat. Starve them out! The demons will not want to stay around if we are talking about the things of light and about Him who is the Light. Instead we should feed the life of Christ who is within us. Let us feed upon His Word, upon His faith, upon His goodness, and upon the fact that He makes all things beautiful in His time. Paul tells us to be “nourished up in the words of faith” (1 Tim. 4:6).

Philemon 1:6 says we should “acknowledge all the good things that are in us by Jesus Christ.” Instead of dwelling on all our faults, we should start thanking God for all the good things He has wrought in our lives. Give the Holy Spirit a lot of credit for what He has done.

Right words - a sword that slays evil. Revelation l:16, 19:15 “Out of his mouth went a sharp two-edged sword.” The sword that comes from the mouth of the Lord judges evil (Rev. 2:16). The sword (Word of God) divides soul and spirit (Heb. 4:12), separating good from evil in the hearts of men.

Anything that proceeds from the mouth of Satan and his ministers is an attempt to undermine righteousness, whether it is subtle or blatant. In the last days, an unclean spirit will come from the mouth of Satan, the False Prophet, and the Antichrist (see Rev.16:l3).

Everything Satan says brings death! Everything God says brings life! Remember, the power is in the mouth. Death and life are in the power of the tongue (Prov.18:21). The mouth will be the source of the two great spiritual forces that will be released in the end times.

Doctrine divides—it is supposed to bring division! It divides soul and spirit, the holy from the profane, and the children of God from the children of the Wicked One. Real doctrine is truth, and it will separate all that is false from our lives. If we want to come into full freedom, we must continue to grow in the Word, in the doctrine of the Lord. (Compare John 8:31-32 with John 6:60-61, 66.)

E). LIGHT AND DARKNESS

Truth is far more than just a standard of right and wrong. Truth is light! It is a liberating power. David said, “The entrance of thy word giveth light” (Psa.119:130). We have many dark areas in our soul that need illumination. The subject of light and darkness is not figurative. It is a very real thing in the spiritual realm. There is an actual light inside each Christian. People who are just saved only have a little light in them. This light grows brighter and brighter as greater truth and revelation permeate the soul (Prov. 4:18). Demons can see the light in people. This was why the demons could say to the unconverted exorcist, “Jesus I know and Paul I know, but who are you?” (Acts 19:15).

A VISION - A number of years ago a lady had a vision of the earth. Thick darkness was covering the people but then she saw lights everywhere emerging out of this darkness. She asked the angel, “What are all these lights?” He explained, “It is the light of Christ in the Christians.” Jesus tells us, “I am the light of the world.” But He also said, “Ye are the light of the world” and that is because He is in us. The Bible is much more literal than we think. In Matthew 6:23 Christ warned: “If the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness.” This is referring to one who has backslidden, whose light has been snuffed out. Paul explained that the foolish heart becomes filled with darkness when it turns from God unto vanity (Rom.1:21). In First Thessalonians 5:5, the “children of light” are the redeemed, and the “children of darkness” are the unredeemed. May we not only be a child of light, but may that light grow brighter and brighter unto the perfect day.

F). REASONS CHRISTIANS HAVE ERROR

1. A Lack of Knowledge. Jesus said, “Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures” (Mt. 22:29).

2. Immaturity. Sometimes a Christian has error simply because he is young and uninformed.

3. People are Taught Wrong. The problem then is in the leader (Lev. 4:13, 4:3).

4. The Sin of Overconfidence. Some believe they are infallible, but this is being foolish and cocky.

5. Failure to Test a Revelation. Paul said, “Prove all things.” John said “[Test] the spirits.”

6. Sincerely Wrong. Sincerity is not enough to keep us on course. Are we willing to listen to others?

7. Willingly Ignorant. Sometimes believers are purposely evasive of truths they would rather not face.

8. A Closed Mind. This is stubbornness, unteachableness, and an independent spirit.

9. Tradition. Often Christians are satisfied with what they know and do not want anything to interfere.

10. Desire for Anything Sensational. An insatiable curiosity for the mysterious (Psalm 131:1 is the cure).

11. Imbalanced Truth. An overemphasis of something to the exclusion of other important truths.

12. Simple. This is being naive or gullible, and it puts no distinction between good or evil.

13. Wrong Motives. Deception gains a stronghold when people have impure motives (Obad.1:3).

14. Pride. The greatest culprit of deception. People want to claim something no one else has ever had.

15. Delusion Sent From God. God sends blindness to those who reject the truth but love sin.