Fundamentals of Amorphous Solids E-Book

Zbigniew H. Stachurski

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 395

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Long awaited, this textbook fills the gap for convincing concepts to describe amorphous solids.
Adopting a unique approach, the author develops a framework that lays the foundations for a theory of amorphousness. He unravels the scientific mysteries surrounding the topic, replacing rather vague notions of amorphous materials as disordered crystalline solids with the well-founded concept of ideal amorphous solids. A classification of amorphous materials into inorganic glasses, organic glasses, glassy metallic alloys, and thin films sets the scene for the development of the model of ideal amorphous solids, based on topology- and statistics-governed rules of three-dimensional sphere packing, which leads to structures with no short, mid or long-range order. This general model is then concretized to the description of specific compounds in the four fundamental classes of amorphous solids, as well as amorphous polyethylene and poly(methyl)methacrylate, emphasizing its versatility and descriptive power. Finally, he includes example applications to indicate the abundance of amorphous materials in modern-day technology, thus illustrating the importance of a better understanding of their structure and properties.
Equally ideal as supplementary reading in courses on crystallography, mineralogy, solid state physics, and materials science where amorphous materials have played only a minor role until now.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Chapter 1: Spheres, Clusters and Packing of Spheres

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Geometry of Spheres

1.3 Geometry of Clusters

1.4 Geometry of Sphere Packings

1.5 Ideal Amorphous Solid (IAS)

1.6 Construction of an Ideal Amorphous Solid Class I

1.7 Elementary Theory of Amorphousness

1.8 Classes of Ideal Amorphous Solids

1.9 Imperfections in IAS

References

Books on Crystallography

Books on Glasses

Books on Random Walks

Books on Sphere Packings

Books on Crystal Imperfections

Chapter 2: Characteristics of Sphere Packings

2.1 Geometrical Properties

2.2 X-ray Scattering

2.3 Glass Transition Measured by Calorimetry

References

Chapter 3: Glassy Materials and Ideal Amorphous Solids

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Summary of Models of Amorphous Solids

3.3 IAS Model of a-Argon

3.4 IAS Model of a-NiNb Alloy

3.5 IAS Model of a-MgCuGd Alloy

3.6 IAS Model of a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy

3.7 IAS Model of a-Polyethylene (a-PE)

3.8 IAS Model of a-Silica (a-SiO

2

)

3.9 Chalcogenide Glasses

3.10 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 4: Mechanical Behaviour

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Elasticity

4.3 Elastic Properties of Amorphous Solids

4.4 Fracture

4.5 Plasticity

4.6 Plasticity in: Amorphous Solids

4.7 Superplasticity

4.8 Viscoelasticity

References

Index

EULA

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Spheres, Clusters and Packing of Spheres

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

Figure 1.11

Figure 1.12

Figure 1.13

Figure 1.14

Figure 1.15

Figure 1.16

Figure 1.17

Figure 1.18

Figure 1.19

Figure 1.20

Figure 1.21

Figure 1.22

Figure 1.23

Figure 1.24

Figure 1.25

Figure 1.26

Figure 1.27

Figure 1.28

Figure 1.29

Figure 1.30

Figure 1.31

Figure 1.32

Figure 1.33

Figure 1.35

Figure 1.34

Figure 1.36

Figure 1.37

Figure 1.38

Figure 1.39

Figure 1.40

Figure 1.41

Figure 1.42

Figure 1.43

Figure 1.44

Figure 1.45

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.11

Figure 2.12

Figure 2.13

Figure 2.14

Figure 2.15

Figure 2.16

Figure 2.17

Figure 2.18

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Figure 3.13

Figure 3.14

Figure 3.15

Figure 3.16

Figure 3.17

Figure 3.18

Figure 3.19

Figure 3.20

Figure 3.21

Figure 3.22

Figure 3.23

Figure 3.24

Figure 3.25

Figure 3.26

Figure 3.27

Figure 3.28

Figure 3.29

Figure 3.30

Figure 3.31

Figure 3.32

Figure 3.33

Figure 3.34

Figure 3.35

Figure 3.36

Figure 3.37

Figure 3.38

Figure 3.39

Figure 3.40

Figure 3.41

Figure 3.42

Figure 3.43

Figure 3.44

Figure 3.45

Figure 3.46

Figure 3.47

Figure 3.48

Figure 3.49

Figure 3.50

Figure 3.51

Figure 3.52

Figure 3.53

Figure 3.54

Figure 3.55

Figure 3.56

Figure 3.57

Figure 3.58

Figure 3.59

Figure 3.60

Figure 3.61

Figure 3.62

Figure 3.63

Figure 3.64

Figure 3.65

Figure 3.66

Figure 3.67

Figure 3.68

Figure 3.69

Figure 3.70

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.11

Figure 4.12

Figure 4.13

Figure 4.14

Figure 4.15

Figure 4.16

Figure 4.17

Figure 4.18

Figure 4.19

Figure 4.20

Figure 4.21

Figure 4.22

Figure 4.23

Figure 4.24

Figure 4.25

Figure 4.26

Figure 4.27

Figure 4.28

Figure 4.29

Figure 4.30

Figure 4.31

Figure 4.32

Figure 4.33

Figure 4.34

Figure 4.35

Figure 4.36

Figure 4.37

Figure 4.38

Figure 4.39

Figure 4.40

Figure 4.41

Figure 4.42

Figure 4.43

Figure 4.44

Figure 4.45

Figure 4.46

Figure 4.47

Figure 4.48

List of Tables

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Table 1.4

Table 1.5

Table 1.6

Table 1.7

Table 1.8

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.5

Table 3.7

Table 3.8

Table 3.9

Table 3.10

Table 3.11

Table 3.12

Table 3.13

Table 3.14

Table 3.15

Table 3.16

Table 3.19

Table 3.20

Table 3.21

Table 3.22

Table 3.24

Table 3.23

Table 3.27

Table 3.28

Table 3.29

Table 3.30

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

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Zbigniew H. Stachurski

Fundamentals of Amorphous Solids

Structure and Properties

The Author

Prof. Dr. Zbigniew H. Stachurski

Australian National University

College of Engingeering and Computer Science

Research School of Engineering

0200 Canberra

Australia

All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

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© 2015 by Higher Education Press.

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Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, under exclusive license granted by HEP for all media and languages excluding Chinese and throughout the world excluding Mainland China, and with non-exclusive license for electronic versions in Mainland China.

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ePDF ISBN: 978-3-527-68217-1

ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-68219-5

Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-68218-8

Preface

This book is intended primarily for students of materials science and related fields who want to acquire a fundamental understanding of the atomic arrangements in amorphous solids. A concomitant aim of the book is to provide an appropriate and consistent methodology and vocabulary for describing the atomic structure of amorphous solids.

The book may also be of interest to theoreticians, for this is a relatively new field of science, open to further evolution and requiring formal proofs of some of the concepts contained herein.

The first three chapters of this book focus mainly on the atomic arrangements in amorphous solids based on the ideal amorphous solid model used as geometrical foundation. Amorphous polymers and inorganic glasses have the most complex atomic arrangements whereas metallic glasses can be considered as being the simplest model of atomic arrangements in amorphous solids.

The twentieth-century may be called by science historians as the Renaissance of Materials Science because many new analytical methods were invented to discover and to ascertain the atomic arrangements in solids (for example, ranging from X-ray diffraction to high resolution transmission electron microscopy), thereby opening up the new science of structure–property relationships. Some of these relationships are described in this book.

The fourth chapter places the mechanical behaviour of amorphous materials in the general context of the mechanics of solids. In many instances, solutions from continuum mechanics of isotropic materials can be applied directly to homogeneous amorphous solids, as they are theoretically isotropic. The chapter presents these solutions in the light of mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline solids.

A good book should contain all the information that the reader is looking for, or at least it should point accurately to other sources where the information can be found. I believe this book has a coherent structure that conveys an important message about the distinction between ideal amorphous solid, ideal crystalline solids and that of real amorphous materials with the inevitable characteristic defects and imperfections in their atomic arrangements.

Many of my colleagues and friends have influenced my decision to write this book. In the first place, I wish to thank Professors Qinghua Qin, Richard Welberry and Witold Brostow for their encouragement. I am grateful to Professors Jun Shen and Gang Wang who introduced me to the field of glassy metals, and Professors Kevin Kendall and Christian Kloc for their constant support. I wish to extend special thanks to Dr. Xiao Hua Tan for comments on the manuscript.

September 2014

Canberra