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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Heat Transfer 1 deals with conduction and convection. It examines the treatment of transient conduction, which is essential for the optimization of processes and systems, as well as for all energy saving problems. The numerous solved exercises allow the reader to grasp the whole range of applications, whether in the field of building, transport, materials or the environment. The appendices contain all the data needed to solve the exercises and will be a valuable source of information. This book is designed for masters and engineering students who are interested in all aspects of heat transfer, but also for engineers who will find the bases needed to understand similar phenomena (conduction-convection-radiation), but which require a different form of reflection and approach.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Nomenclature
Chapter 1. Introduction to Heat Transfer
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Definitions
1.3. Formulation of a heat transfer problem
Chapter 2. Steady-State Conduction Heat Transfer
2.1. The heat equation
2.2. Unidirectional transfer.
2.3. Multi-directional transfer
2.4. The fins
2.5. Corrected exercises
Chapter 3. Heat Transfer by Conduction in Transient Regime
3.1. Unidirectional conduction in transient regime without change of state
3.2. Multidirectional conduction in transient regime
3.3. Corrected exercises
Chapter 4. Convective Heat Transfer
4.1. Reminders on dimensional analysis
4.2. Convection without phase change
4.3. Convection with phase change
4.4. Corrected exercises
Appendices
References
Index
Summary of Volume 2
Other titles from iSTE in Energy
End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1
Isotherm and thermal gradient
Figure 1.2
System and energy balance
Figure 1.3
Diagram of conductive heat transfer
Figure 1.4
Diagram of convective heat transfer
Figure 1.5
Diagram of radiative heat transfer
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1
Thermal balance on an elementary system
Figure 2.2
Elementary heat balance on a simple wall
Figure 2.3
Equivalent electrical diagram of a simple wall
Figure 2.4
Schematization of flows and temperatures in a multilayer wall
Figure 2.5
Equivalent electrical diagram of a multilayer wall
Figure 2.6
Diagram of a composite wall
Figure 2.7
Equivalent electrical diagram of the composite wall
Figure 2.8
Heat transfer in a hollow cylinder
Figure 2.9
Equivalent electric diagram of a hollow cylinder
Figure 2.10
Diagram of transfers in a multilayer hollow cylinder
Figure 2.11
Equivalent electrical diagram of a multilayer hollow cylinder
Figure 2.12
Diagram of a heat flow tube
Figure 2.13
Equivalent electrical diagram with simultaneous convection and radiation transfers
Figure 2.14
Diagram of a plate with imposed temperatures on the sides
Figure 2.15
Method of cutting a three-dimensional enclosure
Figure 2.16
Representation of the surface mesh
Figure 2.17
Representation of elementary flows on a straight edge
Figure 2.18
Representation of elementary flows on an outer corner
Figure 2.19
Representation of elementary flows on an inner corner
Figure 2.20
Representation of an embedded bar and simplified diagram
Figure 2.21
Representation of elementary flows on an embedded bar
Figure 2.22
Diagram of a circular fin and elementary fluxes on the fin
Figure 2.23
Electrical analogy of the fin at reduced temperature
...
Figure 2.24
Electrical analogy for fin (where
𝜑
p
is the heat flow rate lost by the fin)
Figure 2.25
Electrical analogy of a fin with an insulated end...
Figure 2.26
Electrical analogy of a fin in contact with two temperatures
Figure 2.27
Electrical analogy of a fin with an insulated end and in contact with two temperatures...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1
Evolution of the temperature of a medium at uniform temperature
Figure 3.2
Diagram of the semi-infinite medium with imposed surface temperature...
Figure 3.3
Diagram of the semi-infinite medium with imposed surface flux...
Figure 3.4
Diagram of the semi-infinite medium with imposed convective transfer coefficient...
Figure 3.5
Diagram of the semi-infinite medium with sinusoidal temperature imposed on the surface...
Figure 3.6
Diagram of the sudden contact between two semi-infinite media...
Figure 3.7
Diagram of a plate with imposed surface temperature...
Figure 3.8
Diagram of a plate with imposed surface temperature...
Figure 3.9
Reduced temperature in a plate calculated by the different relations...
Figure 3.10
Schematization of a plate with heat flux imposed on the surface...
Figure 3.11
Schematization of a plate with transfer coefficient imposed on the surface...
Figure 3.12
Schematization of eigenvalues
𝜔
n
...
Figure 3.13
Schematization of an infinite cylinder with imposed surface temperature...
Figure 3.14
Schematization of an infinite cylinder with imposed heat flux...
Figure 3.15
Schematization of an infinite cylinder with imposed convective transfer coefficient...
Figure 3.16
Schematization of a sphere with imposed surface temperature...
Figure 3.17
Schematization of a sphere with imposed surface flux...
Figure 3.18
Schematization of a sphere with imposed convective coefficient...
Figure 3.19
Electrical diagram equivalent to a simple wall in variable regime
Figure 3.20
Schematization of a simple wall with convective transfer...
Figure 3.21
Electrical diagram equivalent to a convective transfer in variable regime
Figure 3.22
Diagram of two walls with contact resistance...
Figure 3.23
Diagram of a multilayer wall with convection and contact resistances...
Figure 3.24
Electrical diagram equivalent to a semi-infinite medium in variable regime
Figure 3.25
Electrical diagram equivalent to a medium at uniform temperature in variable regime
Figure 3.26
Diagram of a hollow cylinder...
Figure 3.27
Electrical diagram equivalent to a semi-infinite medium in variable regime
Figure 3.28
Diagram of the hollow sphere...
Figure 3.29
Representation of the digital schematization
Figure 3.30
Temperature at the center of a plate with constant (blue line) or thermodependent (red dotted line) properties...
Figure 3.31
Diagram of the modeled system...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1
Diagram of the studied configuration...
Figure 4.2
Schematization of a laminar flow
Figure 4.3
Schematization of a turbulent flow
Figure 4.4
Representation of the Reynolds analogy in the case of turbulent flow in a tube
Figure 4.5
Representation of the Prandtl model for turbulent flow in a pipe
Figure 4.6
Schematization of the development of a dynamic boundary layer on a flat plate
Figure 4.7
Schematization of the thermal boundary layer on a flat plate
Figure 4.8
Representation of the natural convection mechanism
Figure 4.9
Schematization of condensation on a vertical wall
Figure 4.10
General liquid–vapor equilibrium diagram
Figure 4.11
Schematic representation of the Nukiyama graph
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1
Thermal conductivity of some materials
Chapter 4
Table 4.1
Some dimensionless numbers
Table 4.2
Order of magnitude of the convective heat transfer coefficient
Table 4.3
Surface tension value
𝜎
for water (from Holman (1990))
Table 4.4
Values of the constant
𝐶
for various fluid/heating surface configurations (from Holman (1990))
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Nomenclature
Begin Reading
Appendices
References
Index
Summary of Volume 2
Other titles from iSTE in Energy
End User License Agreement
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Series Editor
Alain Dollet
Heat Transfer 1
Conduction and Convection
Yves Jannot
Christian Moyne
Alain Degiovanni
First published 2023 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUK
www.iste.co.uk
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USA
www.wiley.com
© ISTE Ltd 2023The rights of Yves Jannot, Christian Moyne and Alain Degiovanni to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s), contributor(s) or editor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ISTE Group.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2023932776
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN 978-1-78630-927-3
Preface
In addition to its obvious interest, which the current energy transition will certainly not contradict, thermal energy has a special place among the engineering sciences. Often taught at the beginning of engineering courses, it teaches how to analyze the phenomena involved in a real situation, identify the important aspects and develop a description that is likely to provide, before any more sophisticated approach, some solution elements, or even if possible, a first approximate solution that is easy to calculate.
Each of the three modes of heat transfer – conduction, convection and radiation – are associated with three different ways of thinking. Conduction, due to the apparent simplicity of Fourier’s law and the heat equation, will allow different modeling and resolution methods depending on the simplifications used. The complexity of flowing fluids will generally make such an approach impractical in thermal convection without using numerical calculation: to remain relatively simple, we will resort to dimensional analysis approaches without, however, giving some elementary notions about essential approaches, especially the concept of boundary layer. Radiation opens onto the vast universe of physics, requiring simplifying assumptions that must be taken into account by the thermal engineer.
In all cases, the understanding of heat transfer processes requires the resolution and, above all, the meditation of a few exercises ranging from elementary cases (to begin with) to more complex situations, ultimately requiring a simultaneous approach to the different transfer modes that are often coupled.
This heat transfer course is intended for graduate students in universities and engineering schools, as well as practicing engineers. It presents the main modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection (Volume 1) and radiation (Volume 2). Volume 2 also includes two chapters on systems in which several modes of heat transfer occur simultaneously: heat exchangers and solar collectors. The main methods for solving the heat equation are presented and illustrated by using the Laplace transform, the separation of variables, the integral transformation, the quadrupole method and the numerical methods.
The chapters on steady-state conduction, convection, radiation between surfaces and on heat exchangers, as well as their application exercises can be approached by undergraduate students.
The proposed exercises are all corrected in detail; they present practical applications covering all the theoretical aspects of the course. Some long exercises are real case studies, and show that the assimilation of this course makes it possible to solve concrete problems in many fields of interest: for example, calculation of the evolution of the temperature and thermal losses of a building, calculation of losses in double glazing, measurement of the thermal properties of solids, sizing of a heat exchanger and sizing of a solar collector.
The appendices contain all the physical data and correlations needed to solve the exercises and problems presented and will be a valuable source of information for the engineer.
January 2023
Nomenclature
𝑎
thermal diffusivity (m
2
s
-1
)
𝐵𝑖
Biot number
𝑐
specific heat (J kg
-1
K
-1
)
𝐶
f
friction coefficient
𝐷
diameter (m)
𝐷
h
hydraulic diameter (m)
𝑒
thickness (m)
𝐸
thermal effusivity (W m
-2
K
-1
s
1/2
)
𝐹
conduction form coefficient (m)
𝐹𝑜
Fourier number
𝑔
acceleration of gravity (m s
-2
)
𝐺𝑟
Grashof number
ℎ
convection heat transfer coefficient (W m
-2
K
-1
)
𝐻
enthalpy (J)
Δ𝐻
latent heat of phase change (J kg
-1
)
𝐼
electrical energy intensity (A)
𝐼
n
modified Bessel function of the first kind of order 𝑛
𝐽
n
unmodified Bessel function of the first kind of order 𝑛
𝐾
n
modified Bessel function of the second kind of order 𝑛
ℓ
width (m)
L
length (m)
ṁ
mass flow rate (kg s
-1
)
unit vector normal to a surface
𝑁𝑢
Nusselt number
𝑝
Laplace variable (s
-1
)
𝑝
e
perimeter (m)
𝑃𝑟
Prandtl number
energy volume density (W m
-3
)
𝑄
heat quantity (J)
𝑞
c
heat flow (W K
-1
)
𝑟, 𝑅
radius (m), resistance (Ω)
𝑅𝑎
Rayleigh number
𝑅
c
contact resistance (K W
-1
)
𝑅𝑒
Reynolds number
𝑠
curvilinear abscissa (m)
𝑆
area (m
2
)
𝑡
time (s)
𝑇
temperature (K)
average temperature (K)
𝑢
velocity (m s
-1
)
𝑉
volume (m
3
)
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧
space variables (m)
𝑌
n
unmodified Bessel function of the second kind of order 𝑛
Greek letters
𝛼
absorption coefficient of a wall
𝛽
cubic expansion coefficient (K
-1
)
𝛿
declination (°)
𝜀
emissivity
𝜙
heat flux (W m
-2
)
Φ
Laplace transform of the heat flow rate
𝜑
heat flow rate (W)
𝜆
thermal conductivity (W m
-1
K
-1
), wavelength (m)
𝜇
dynamic viscosity (Pa s
-1
)
𝜈
kinematic viscosity (m
2
s
-1
), frequency (Hz)
𝜂
yield or efficiency (%), emission coefficient of a medium (W m
-2
)
𝜅
absorption coefficient of a medium (m
-1
)
Ω
solid angle
𝜏
transmission coefficient of a wall
𝜃
Laplace transform of the temperature
