High Performance with Java E-Book

Dr. Edward Lavieri Jr.

• Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 368

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

Building high performance into your applications is key to creating an optimal user experience, although it is not the only consideration for the performant nature of your apps. High performance applications can lead to cost-effective resource utilization, especially when scalability and cloud computing are involved. They can also provide highly reliable systems that are easier to maintain.
High Performance with Java begins by helping you explore the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and understand how to push it to its limits to further optimize your programs. You’ll take a hands-on approach to go through memory optimization strategies, input/output operations, concurrency, networking, as well as frameworks and libraries focused on performance. You’ll also learn key strategies and best practices by using industry-relevant examples to architect scalable and resource-efficient applications. The concluding chapters provide valuable insights on optimizing your Java code when interacting with databases and show you how to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) for high performance Java applications.
By the end of this book, you’ll grasp the importance of developing high performance Java applications and gain practical experience in implementing key strategies to help ensure your Java applications perform optimally.

Leseprobe

High Performance with Java

Discover strategies and best practices to develop high performance Java applications

Dr. Edward Lavieri Jr.

High Performance with Java

Copyright © 2024 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

Group Product Manager: Kunal Sawant

Publishing Product Manager: Teny Thomas

Book Project Manager: Manisha Singh

Senior Editor: Kinnari Chohan

Technical Editor: Vidhisha Patidar

Copy Editor: Safis Editing

Proofreader: Kinnari Chohan

Indexer: Subalakshmi Govindhan

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DevRel Marketing Coordinator: Sonia Chauhan

First published: July 2024

Production reference: 1080724

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Grosvenor House

11 St Paul’s Square

Birmingham

B3 1RB, UK

ISBN 978-1-83546-973-6

www.packtpub.com

To Brenda, my wonderful wife, whose unwavering support and patience during countless evenings and weekends made this book possible. And to KuBougie, our beloved Hemmingway cat, who brought joy and comfort to our home, helping to heal the loss of our dear dogs, Muzz and Java.

Thank you both!

Contributors

About the author

Dr. Edward Lavieri Jr. is a seasoned software developer and senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). He has developed software for over 30 years and primarily focused on Java for over 20 years. His experience includes both military information systems and the software design and development industry. Dr. Lavieri currently serves as a university dean for a college of computer science and a school of information technology as well as the chief academic officer of a programming bootcamp organization, all part of a regionally accredited US university. He holds a doctorate degree in computer science and a master’s degree in information systems, along with other degrees and certificates.

I want to thank my wife, Brenda, for her unwavering support, and the entire Packt team, with special gratitude to Teny, Manisha, Kinnari, and Vidhisha.

About the reviewer

Aristides Villarreal is a Panamanian Java Champion and a member of the Apache Project Management Committee (PMC) for the NetBeans Project. He is also a Jakarta EE Ambassador and a specialist in NoSQL, Jakarta EE, and Eclipse MicroProfile.

Pallavi Sharma is a versatile professional with 18 years of experience, having worked as an individual contributor, project manager, Scrum Master, and coach. She is the Founder of 5 Elements Learning and the author of five books on Selenium. As a recognized committer to the Selenium Project, Pallavi actively participates in international testing conferences as a reviewer, judge, organizer, and speaker. She holds various certifications in her field. Outside of work, Pallavi enjoys writing, traveling, and nature watching. She is dedicated to giving back to society, guided by the principle of #bekind.

Table of Contents

Preface

Part 1: Code Optimization

1

Peeking Inside the Java Virtual Machine

Technical requirements

How the JVM works

More options with javap

Garbage collection

The garbage collection process

Garbage collection algorithms

Garbage collection optimizations

JIT compiler optimizations

Interpretation

AOT compilation

JIT compilation

Summary

2

Data Structures

Technical requirements

Improving performance with lists

Why use lists?

Common list implementations

High performance with lists

Improving performance with arrays

Array characteristics

Implementing arrays

High performance with arrays

Improving performance with trees

Examples of a tree structure

High-performance considerations

Improving performance with stacks and queues

Implementing stacks

Improving the performance of stacks

Implementing queues

Improving the performance of queues

Improving performance with advanced data structures

Hash tables

Graphs

Trie

Heap

Quad trees

Octrees

Bitsets

Ropes

Summary

3

Optimizing Loops

Technical requirements

Types of loops

A loop’s impact on performance

Loop optimization basics

Loop unrolling

Testing loops for performance

Profiling tools and methodology

Benchmarking and testing strategies

Case studies and examples

Nested loops

Introduction to nested loops

Loop fusion in nested loops

Parallelizing nested loops

Nested loop vectorization

Summary

4

Java Object Pooling

Technical requirements

Jumping into the object pool

Database example

Implementing an object pool in Java

Advantages and disadvantages of object pooling

Advantages

Disadvantages

Performance testing

Designing a performance test

Implementing a performance test

Analyzing the results

Summary

5

Algorithm Efficiencies

Technical requirements

Algorithm selection

Selection process

Case study

Evolving trends

Low time complexity

Strategies for reducing time complexity

Common pitfalls

Testing algorithms for efficiency

Importance of testing

Preparing for algorithm efficiency testing

Conducting the tests

Post-test actions

Summary

Part 2: Memory Optimization and I/O Operations

6

Strategic Object Creation and Immutability

Technical requirements

Minimizing object creation

Java object life cycle

Memory

Object pooling

Initialization approaches

Overhead reduction

Object immutability

Immutability overview

Best practices

Performance advantages

Custom classes

String classes

Garbage collection

Garbage collection implications

Object cloning

Design patterns

Singleton pattern

Factory pattern

Summary

7

String Objects

Technical requirements

Proper string pooling

String interning

Best practices

Code examples

String pooling for database queries

Lazy initialization

Code examples

Best practices

Additional string operation strategies

Concatenation

Regular expressions

Large text files

Summary

8

Memory Leaks

Technical requirements

Proper referencing

An introduction to references

Memory leak identification

Memory leak avoidance strategies

Listeners and loaders

Event listeners

Class loaders

Caching and threads

Caching strategies

Thread management

Java concurrency utilities

Summary

Part 3: Concurrency and Networking

9

Concurrency Strategies and Models

Technical requirements

Concurrency models

Thread-based model

The message passing model

The Reactive model

Multithreading

Thread life cycles

Multithreading best practices

Synchronization

Non-blocking algorithms

Summary

10

Connection Pooling

Technical requirements

Connection pooling concepts

Advantages of connection pooling

Challenges of connection pooling

Implementing connection pools

Connection pool libraries

Setting up a connection pool

Integrating connection pools

Monitoring connection pools

Best practices with connection pools

Connection pool sizing

Handling connection leaks

Connection pool security

Advanced topics

Summary

11

Hypertext Transfer Protocols

Technical requirements

Introduction to HTTP

HTTP core components

Java and HTTP

Java web applications

Java web application architecture

Key technologies

Steps for creating a simple Java web application

Using HTTP in Java

API integration

Security considerations

Performance optimization

Summary

Part 4: Frameworks, Libraries, and Profiling

12

Frameworks for Optimization

Technical requirements

Asynchronous input/output

Advantages and best practices

Implementing AIO

Buffered input/output

Advantages and best practices

Implementing buffered input/output

Batch operations

Advantages and best practices

Implementing batch operations

Frameworks for microservices

Advantages and best practices

Implementing microservices frameworks

Frameworks for cloud-native applications

Advantages and best practices

Implementing a cloud-native application

Case studies and performance analysis

Case studies

Performance analysis

Summary

13

Performance-Focused Libraries

Technical requirements

Java Microbenchmark Harness

Key features

Adding JMH libraries to your IDE

Writing benchmarks

Running benchmarks

Analyzing results

Use cases

Netty

Core features

Performance considerations

Implementation

FasterXML Jackson

Core features

Performance considerations

Implementation

Other notable libraries

Agrona

Eclipse Collections

Guava

Summary

14

Profiling Tools

An introduction to profiling tools

The importance of profiling in performance tuning

Types of profiling tools and their uses

Profilers bundled in the JDK

JVisualVM

JMC

IDE-embedded profilers

The IntelliJ IDEA profiler

Eclipse’s Test and Performance Tools Platform

NetBeans Profiler

Additional profilers

YourKit Java Profiler

JProfiler

VisualVM plugins and extensions

A comparative analysis of profiling tools

Performance overhead

Accuracy

Ease of use

Integration

Cost and licensing considerations

The best use cases for each tool

Scoring our profiling tools

Practical profiling strategies

Identifying performance bottlenecks

Profiling in development versus production

Continuous profiling

Case studies

Case study 1 – profiling a large enterprise application

Case study 2 – performance tuning in a microservices architecture

Case study 3 – profiling and optimizing a high-throughput system

Future trends in Java profiling

Advances in profiling tools

Integration with AI and machine learning

Emerging standards and best practices

Summary

Part 5: Advanced Topics

15

Optimizing Your Database and SQL Queries

Database design

Schema principles

Indexing

Partitioning and sharding

Query optimizations

Query execution

Best practices

Advanced SQL techniques

Additional strategies

Fine-tuning

Database performance monitoring

Database maintenance

Case studies

Case study 1

Case study 2

Case study 3

Summary

16

Code Monitoring and Maintenance

APM tools

APM tool overview

APM tool key features

Popular APM tools

APM tool best practices

Code reviews

Best practices

Peer review processes

Common pitfalls

Logging

Best practices

Logging frameworks

Analyzing log data

Monitoring and alerting

Monitoring system setup

Alert configuration

Alert and incident response

Maintenance strategies

Documentation and knowledge management

Refactoring strategies

Legacy code

Summary

17

Unit and Performance Testing

Technical requirements

Unit testing

Frameworks

Writing unit tests

Best practices

Pitfalls

TDD

Performance testing

Types and tools

Overarching strategies

Integrating unit and performance testing

Summary

18

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for High-Performance Java Applications

Technical requirements

Introduction to AI in Java

AI’s relevance to high-performance Java applications

Current trends

Future directions

AI for performance optimization

Code optimization and performance tuning

Predicting performance bottlenecks

Abbreviated case study

AI-powered monitoring and maintenance

Anomaly detection

AI-based logging

Maintenance strategies

AI integration

Best practices

Ethical and practical considerations

Summary

Epilogue

Index

Other Books You May Enjoy

Part 1: Code Optimization

This part delves into the core techniques and strategies to optimize Java code. It starts with an in-depth exploration of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and its impact on performance. You will learn about the efficient use of data structures, techniques to optimize loops, the benefits of Java object pooling, and strategies to improve algorithm efficiencies. By mastering these fundamental concepts, you will significantly enhance the performance of your Java applications.

This part has the following chapters:

Chapter 1, Peeking Inside the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)Chapter 2, Data StructuresChapter 3, Optimizing LoopsChapter 4, Java Object PoolingChapter 5, Algorithm Efficiencies