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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Our transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable future has seen an increase in the use of electrical energy in the functioning of our society. This implies the need to develop tools and methods which allow us to study electromagnetic devices and ensure their functioning for as long as possible. This requires us to use these tools to understand their behavior, not just as one component, but also in the entire systems in which they can be found, throughout their life cycle. This book provides electrical engineering students and researchers with the resources to analyze how synchronous machines behave over their entire field of operation, particularly focusing on hybrid excited synchronous machines (HESMs). The field of HESMs, although not a fundamental problem in the strict sense of the term, provides answers to a range of fundamental problems: the flux weakening of permanent magnet machines, energy optimization, and lastly the increasing costs of rare-earths permanent magnets.
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Seitenzahl: 216
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022
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Contents
Cover
Dedication Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Foreword
Introduction
1 Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machines: Principles and Structures
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Interest in hybrid excitation
1.3. Hybrid excited structures
1.4. Conclusions and perspectives
2 Control of Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machines
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Modeling of hybrid excited synchronous machines
2.3. Torque characteristics and basic control laws
2.4. Setting the speed of HESMs (maximal characteristics/envelopes)
2.5. Operations on the entire “torque/speed” plane
2.6. Conclusions and perspectives
3 Experimental Studies of Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machines
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Machine 1
3.3. Machine 2
3.4. Conclusions and perspectives
Conclusion
References
Index
Other titles from iSTE in Systems and Industrial Engineering – Robotics
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1.
Quantities and parameters for the equivalent electrical circuits and the vector diagram
Table 2.2.
Values of the quantities and parameters for different types of synchronous machines
Table 2.3.
Torque characteristics as a function of the internal angle δ for salient pole machines
Table 2.4.
I(
δ
) characteristics for salient pole machines
Table 2.5.
Variation intervals of the standardized quantities and parameters
Table 2.6.
Variational intervals of the normalized quantities and parameters for variable-reluctance synchronous machines
Table 2.7.
Maximum speeds for the MC control law
Table 2.8.
Defining the normalized quantities from real ones for excited synchronous machines
Table 2.9.
Defining the normalized quantities from real ones for variable-reluctance synchronous machines
Table 2.10.
Parameters of the hybrid excited synchronous machines
Chapter 3
Table 3.1.
Main parameters of “Machine 1”
Table 3.2.
Distribution of the excitation current values amongst the three highest efficiency values at each speed (18 steps)
Table 3.3.
Main characteristics of “Machine 2”
Table 3.4.
Main specifications
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Dedication Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Foreword
Introduction
Begin Reading
Conclusion
References
Index
Other titles from iSTE in Systems and Industrial Engineering – Robotics
End User License Agreement
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To my colleagues, confirmed and young researchers, who have contributed directly or indirectly to the research effort on hybrid excited synchronous machines. To my family on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea.
To my parents, those book lovers. To my sister and brother and their relatives.To my wife and kids.Thank you!Yacine AMARA
To the professors who have transmitted their knowledge and passion for the design of non-conventional electrical machines: Jean Lucidarme, Mohamed El Hadi Zaim, Bernard Multon, Christian Rioux, Rachid Ibtiouen and many others in France and elsewhere.Hamid BEN AHMED
I would like to dedicate this book to the entire team who worked with me on this fascinating subject. A special mention to Michel Lécrivain, Emmanuel Hoang, Sami Hlioui, Franck Chabot and Cédric Plasse.Mohamed GABSI
Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machines
Topologies, Design and Analysis
Yacine AmaraHamid Ben AhmedMohamed Gabsi
First published 2022 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUK
www.iste.co.uk
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USA
www.wiley.com
© ISTE Ltd 2022
The rights of Yacine Amara, Hamid Ben Ahmed and Mohamed Gabsi to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s), contributor(s) or editor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ISTE Group.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2022943360
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN 978-1-78630-685-2
Foreword
Hybrid excited synchronous machines consist of two excitation sources, i.e. permanent magnets and field windings. Thus, they may have the synergies of both permanent magnet machines and wound field machines, most notably the high efficiency and high torque density of permanent magnet machines, and the flexible flux adjustment of wound field machines. There are many machine topologies of hybrid excited synchronous machines according to the allocation of permanent magnet and field winding excitations, series and parallel magnetic circuit hybridization, as well as two- and three-dimensional hybrid magnetic circuits. The introduction of field windings can help regulate the magnetic field and the output capability according to the working condition, which is beneficial for many applications, such as electric vehicles, with variable-speed requirements. Compared with the conventional permanent magnet machines, an extra flexibility can be used to adjust the flux linkage by the field excitation current. Consequently, higher torque at low speed, wider operating speed range, as well as high efficiency over a wide operating region can be obtained by employing appropriate control strategies. Hybrid excitation also provides a unique mitigation technique for an uncontrolled overvoltage fault at high-speed operation.
The authors of this book have been working on hybrid excited synchronous machines and control systems for many years. They have led the development of several novel hybrid excited synchronous machine topologies. The book is comprehensive in that it includes not only hybrid excited synchronous machines but also their control strategies. I am also very pleased to see the experimental investigation. Currently, hybrid excited synchronous machines still exhibit some challenges, such as complicated structures and relatively low torque density. I am sure that this book will serve researchers, students and engineers very well in their further investigation for various applications.
Professor Zi-Qiang ZHU,Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering,Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of IETUniversity of Sheffield, UK
Introduction
The increasing use of electrical energy in the functioning of our society, which is related to our transition towards clean and sustainable uses of energy, requires tools and methods to study electrotechnical objects to be developed to ensure their proper functioning for as long as possible. This means that we must have the tools required to understand their behavior, not just as one component, but also in the entire systems in which they can be found and throughout their life cycle, and therefore under any operating conditions.
As electromechanical conversion devices, electrical machines are at the heart of electrotechnical systems and energy conversion chains. At one extreme, they are used as a source of electrical energy (electrical generators), and at the other extreme, they are used to transform electrical energy into mechanical work (electric motors and actuators). These functions are performed very efficiently by such machines.
The purpose of this book is to provide electrical engineering students and researchers with the tools to analyze how synchronous machines operate over their entire field of operation.
In this book, particular emphasis is placed on these hybrid excited synchronous machines (HESMs). This HESM theme, although not a fundamental problem in the strict sense of the term, provides answers to problems which are no less fundamental: the flux weakening of permanent magnet machines, energy optimization and finally the increasing costs of rare-earth permanent magnets.
Among all the various types of electrical machines, permanent magnet synchronous machines are the most efficient when their operation does not require any flux weakening. This is due to the permanent magnets which produce an excitation flux with next to no losses. However, this powerful flux created by the magnets is a disadvantage when operating at high speeds because flux weakening is required.
From a functional point of view, HESMs combine the advantages of permanent magnet machines (which have very high energy efficiencies) with those of electrically excited machines (which have an ease of operation along with variable speeds). In these machines, the total excitation flux is the sum of the flux created by the permanent magnets and the excitation flux created by the wound coils. This hybridization allows for greater flexibility for variable-speed operation and, in parallel, energy efficiency optimization for certain drives.
The authors have been working on HESMs for more than two decades, and this book is both a collection of their work and an update of the work done on drives based on synchronous machines (Lajoie-Mazenc and Viarouge 1991; Amara et al. 2009; Vido et al. 2011). It may be useful for both experienced researchers and students who wish to deepen their knowledge of synchronous machines.
The study of HESMs allows us to understand the behaviors of other families of synchronous machines. Permanent magnet synchronous machines can be considered as a special case of HESMs, where excitation coils are not used; electrically excited machines correspond to HESMs in which magnets are replaced by air; and finally, variable-reluctance synchronous machines correspond to HESMs in which the magnets are replaced by air, and wound field excitation is not used.
This book begins with a presentation of the principle of hybrid excitation for synchronous machines. The first chapter sets out the concept of what is meant by an HESM, placing them within the vast family of electrical machines. An up-to-date state of the art is presented, where the focus is on the HESM component. Different structures encountered in the scientific and technical literature are analyzed.
The second chapter is devoted to the behavior of HESMs when they operate as a motor. An original study of the behavior of these machines and their environment is presented. It allows us to analyze the operation of HESMs, by taking their power supply into account (De Doncker et al. 2011). Electrical circuit models are used for this purpose. The purely analytical approach will be favored to determine the control quantities and the different control laws, according to the parameter sets used for the models. When the analytical approaches become too complicated to develop further, scripts that allow us to continue the analysis numerically will be made available to the reader. The behavior of the HESMs is analyzed over their entire operating range.
This book ends with a presentation of some structures that have been designed, realized and studied in our respective laboratories (SATIE and GREAH). This chapter illustrates the previous concepts and theoretical developments concretely.
We hope that this book will contribute to a better understanding of how HESMs function, and to the awakening of new ideas within our research laboratories.
