IGNOU MCA Cloud Computing and IoT Previous year Unsolved Papers MCS 227 E-Book

Manish Soni

• Herausgeber: Poorav Publications
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: IGNOU MCA Unsolved Books Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 138

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

The fields of Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) represent some of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving areas in today’s technological landscape. As integral components of modern computing, they are reshaping industries, driving innovation, and creating new opportunities for businesses and individuals alike. Recognizing their importance, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has incorporated these subjects into its curriculum, challenging students to master both theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
This book, IGNOU Cloud Computing and IoT Previous Years Unsolved Papers, is a carefully curated compilation of unsolved question papers from previous years. It is designed to serve as an essential resource for students who are preparing for their exams in these subjects. The primary objective of this book is to provide students with a comprehensive tool to self-assess their understanding, identify areas for improvement, and refine their problem-solving skills.
We believe that practicing with previous years’ question papers is one of the most effective ways to prepare for exams. It not only familiarizes students with the types and formats of questions they are likely to encounter but also helps them develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter by applying concepts to real-world scenarios. By working through these unsolved papers, students will be able to gauge their readiness, improve their time management during exams, and build confidence in tackling challenging questions.
The decision to leave the papers unsolved was intentional. We want students to engage actively with the material, think critically, and explore multiple approaches to solving the problems presented. This method encourages independent learning and ensures that students are better prepared to adapt to various question formats and difficulties during the actual exams.
This book covers a wide range of topics within Cloud Computing and IoT, including cloud architecture, service models, IoT protocols, security issues, and real-world applications. Each paper has been meticulously selected to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, providing students with a thorough understanding of the core concepts required for success in their exams.
We hope that this book will not only assist students in their academic journey but also inspire them to delve deeper into these exciting fields. As technology continues to advance, the knowledge and skills gained in Cloud Computing and IoT will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future.
We would like to extend our gratitude to the faculty members and students of IGNOU who have contributed to the development of this book. Your feedback and insights have been invaluable in ensuring that this book meets the needs of today’s learners.
Wishing you success in your studies and your future endeavors in the world of Cloud Computing and IoT.

Leseprobe

IGNOU MCA Cloud Computing and IoT Previous year Unsolved Papers MCS 227

Manish Soni

Preface

The fields of Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) represent some of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving areas in today’s technological landscape. As integral components of modern computing, they are reshaping industries, driving innovation, and creating new opportunities for businesses and individuals alike. Recognizing their importance, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has incorporated these subjects into its curriculum, challenging students to master both theoretical knowledge and practical skills.

This book, IGNOU Cloud Computing and IoT Previous Years Unsolved Papers, is a carefully curated compilation of unsolved question papers from previous years. It is designed to serve as an essential resource for students who are preparing for their exams in these subjects. The primary objective of this book is to provide students with a comprehensive tool to self-assess their understanding, identify areas for improvement, and refine their problem-solving skills.

We believe that practicing with previous years’ question papers is one of the most effective ways to prepare for exams. It not only familiarizes students with the types and formats of questions they are likely to encounter but also helps them develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter by applying concepts to real-world scenarios. By working through these unsolved papers, students will be able to gauge their readiness, improve their time management during exams, and build confidence in tackling challenging questions.

The decision to leave the papers unsolved was intentional. We want students to engage actively with the material, think critically, and explore multiple approaches to solving the problems presented. This method encourages independent learning and ensures that students are better prepared to adapt to various question formats and difficulties during the actual exams.

This book covers a wide range of topics within Cloud Computing and IoT, including cloud architecture, service models, IoT protocols, security issues, and real-world applications. Each paper has been meticulously selected to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the syllabus, providing students with a thorough understanding of the core concepts required for success in their exams.

We hope that this book will not only assist students in their academic journey but also inspire them to delve deeper into these exciting fields. As technology continues to advance, the knowledge and skills gained in Cloud Computing and IoT will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future.

We would like to extend our gratitude to the faculty members and students of IGNOU who have contributed to the development of this book. Your feedback and insights have been invaluable in ensuring that this book meets the needs of today’s learners.

Wishing you success in your studies and your future endeavors in the world of Cloud Computing and IoT.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Term-End Examination, June,2022

Chapter 2: Term-End Examination, Dec,2022

Chapter 3: Term-End Examination, June,2023

Chapter 4: Term-End Examination, Dec,2023

Chapter 5: Most Asked Questions Part-A

Chapter 6: Most Asked Questions Part-B

MCS – 227

Master Of Computer Applications (MCA)

Chapter 1: Term-End Examination, June,2022

MCS-227: Cloud Computing and IoT

Time: 3 Hours

Maximum Marks: 100

Weightage: 70

Note: (i) Question No. 1 is compulsory.

(ii) Answer any three Questions from the rest.

1. (a) Define Cloud Computing. List and explain the four categories of cloud deployment models.10

(b) Define resource sharing in cloud computing. Explain the implementation of single-tenancy and multi-tenancy types of resource sharing in cloud computing.10

(c) What is Internet of Things (IOT) ? What are the characteristics ? Also explain industrial IoT, infrastructure IoT and internet of military things (IoMT) categories of IoT.10

(d) Explain the differences between Fog computing and Edge computing. Draw the block diagram of 3-layer architecture of fog computing and explain all its layers.10

2. (a) Differentiate between cluster, grid and cloud computing with respect to its characteristics, physical structure, hardware, resources, applications, networking and scalability features.10

(b) What is Auto scaling in cloud ? Write and explain fixed amount auto scaling algorithm.10

3. (a) Define resource pooling in cloud environment. In this context, explain the following :10

(i) Server Pools

(ii) Storage Pools

(iii) Network Pools

(b) With the help of a block diagram, explain the 4-levels in a cloud architecture.10

4. (a) Define virtualization. Explain its underlying abstraction. Also mention the features provided by virtualization environment.10

(b) Explain the following communication protocols with reference to the IoT devices:10

(i) IPv6

(ii) MQTT

(iii) CoAP

(iv) XMPP

(a) Multihoming and its types

(b) Horizontal scaling in cloud environment

(c) Challenges in cloud computing

(d) Applications of edge computing

MCS – 227

Master Of Computer Applications (MCA)

Chapter 2: Term-End Examination, Dec,2022

MCS-227: Cloud Computing and IoT

Time: 3 Hours

Maximum Marks: 100

Weightage: 70

Note: (i) Question No. 1 is compulsory.

(ii) Answer any three Questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is resource provisioning in cloud computing ? Explain the static and dynamic approaches of resource provisioning. Mention their advantages and disadvantages.10

(b) Define Load Balancing. Explain the following algorithms with reference to load balancing :10

(i) Static algorithm approach

(ii) Weighted Round Robin

(c) Discuss the following baseline technologies of 1oT :10

(i) Security in IoT

(ii) IoT Analytics

(iii) IoT Processors

(iv) IoT

(d) Define Edge Computing. Draw a block diagram of Cloud-Fog-Edge collaboration and explain all its layers.10

2.(a) What is scalability in Cloud Computing ?10

Explain the following strategies of scaling :

(i) Proactive Scaling

(ii) Reactive Scaling

(b) Define VM (Virtual Machine) sizing. Discuss the two ways to do VM sizing.5

(c) Mention any five applications of Cloud Computing.5

3. (a) Define a sensor with reference to an IoT device. Explain various characteristics of sensors. Also, mention and explain any four classifications of sensors.10

(b) Explain the following computing components used in laboratories of IoT/Cloud :10

(i) Arduino

(ii) Raspberry Pi

4. (a) Discuss the following Service Delivery Models of Cloud, with an example for each :10

(i) Platform as a Service (PaaS)

(ii) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

(b) "Cloud Computing offers a variety of deployment models, a network connection viewpoint will be used to examine Cloud deployment models and their accessible components." With reference to this statement, discuss the following types of network connectivities :10

(i) Public Inter Cloud Networking

(ii) Private Intra Cloud Networking

5. Write short notes on the following :4*5=20

(a) Applications of Fog Computing

(b) Desktop Level Virtualization

(c) Actuator and its any three types

(d) Zigbee, NFC and RFID connectivity technologies used in IoT applications.

MCS – 227

Master Of Computer Applications (MCA)

Chapter 3: Term-End Examination, June,2023

MCS-227: Cloud Computing and IoT

Time: 3 Hours

Maximum Marks: 100

Weightage: 70

Note: (i) Question No. 1 is compulsory.

(ii) Answer any three Questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is cloud computing service delivery models ? List and explain any four service delivery models.10

(b) Explain the following scaling strategies :10

(i) Proactive scaling

(ii) Reactive scaling

(iii) Combinational scaling

Also, compare proactive and reactive scaling with reference to the suitability, working, cost and implementation parameters.

(c) Explain all the four components, which support IoT system, with the help of a sample block diagram.10

(d) What is fog computing ? Explain the working of its along with any use case. Also, mention it advantages.10

2. (a) Define edge computing. Also, briefly explain the working of edge computing.10

(b) What is Virtualization ? Explain its underlying abstraction. Also, mention important characteristics.10

3. (a) Compare and contrast cluster, grid and cloud computing with reference to physical characteristics, structure, hardware, resources, applications, networking and scalability parameters. 10

(b) What is load balancing? What is its functionality? Explain the following load-balancers along with their features:10

(i) Network load balancer

(ii) Application load balancer

4. (a) Define a sensor with reference to an IoT device. Explain its characteristics. List and explain any four IoT sensors along with their functions in the IoT devices.10

(b) What is cloud security ? What are the threats to cloud security ? Explain various information security methods is cloud computing.10

5. Write short notes on the following :4*5=20

(a) Public and private clouds

(b) Challenges in cloud computing

(c) Hierarchical structure of cloud

(d) Use case of edge computing

MCS – 227

Master Of Computer Applications (MCA)

Chapter 4: Term-End Examination, Dec,2023

MCS-227: Cloud Computing and IoT

Time: 3 Hours

Maximum Marks: 100

Weightage: 70

Note: (i) Question No. 1 is compulsory.

(ii) Answer any three Questions from the rest.

1. (a) With reference to the Cloud Architecture, explain the following layers :10

(i) Client access layer

(ii) Internet connectivity leyer

(iii) Cloud service management layer

(iv) Layer of physical resources

(b) What is load-balancing ? Why is it imperative in cloud computing to balance the cloud-load ? Also, explain briefly

hardware-based load balancer and virtual load balancer.10

(c) List and explain any ten emerging IoT technologies.10

(d) What is Edge Computing ? Explain its working with the help of a use-case.10

2. (a) Explain the following IoT-connectivity technologies :10

(i) Zigbee

(ii) Z-wave

(iii) RFID

(iv) NFC

(b) With reference to cloud-security, explain the following :10

(i) Identity management

(ii) Access control mechanism

3. (a) Explain any five applications of cloud computing.5

(b) Write a short note on utility computing. 5

(c) Explain the evolution of cloud computing. 5

(d) Describe briefly the Hybrid-Cloud Deployment Model.5

4. (a) What is machine or server level virtualization ? Briefly explain the following types of server level virtualization:10

(i) Hypervisor

(ii) Full-virtualization

(b) Explain the following sensors used in 10T devices along with its features and applications :10

(i) Image sensors

(ii) Chemical sensors

(iii) Acceleration sensors

(iv) Proximity sensors

5. Write short notes on the following .4x5=20

(a) Actuators and its types

(b) MQTT, CoAP and XMPP 10T protocols

(c) Challenges of IoT

(d) Applications of fog computing

Chapter 5: Most Asked Questions Part-A

1. What is Cloud Computing, and how does it work?

Answer: Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics—over the internet (“the cloud”). Instead of owning physical infrastructure, users access resources on-demand via service providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud. It operates on a pay-as-you-go model, which means users only pay for what they use. Cloud computing is categorized into three service models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It provides scalability, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and increased collaboration, making it ideal for modern businesses and applications.

2. What are the different types of Cloud Deployment Models?

Answer: Cloud deployment models define how cloud services are made available to users. There are four main types: (1) Public Cloud – operated by third-party providers, offering resources to multiple customers over the internet; (2) Private Cloud – used exclusively by one organization, hosted internally or by a third party; (3) Hybrid Cloud – a combination of public and private clouds that share data and applications; (4) Community Cloud – shared by several organizations with common interests. Each model offers different levels of security, management, and scalability, depending on business requirements and compliance needs.

3. What is the role of virtualization in Cloud Computing?

Answer: Virtualization is a foundational technology in cloud computing that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical server. It enables the abstraction of hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and storage, making it easier to allocate, scale, and manage computing power efficiently. Virtualization provides benefits like increased resource utilization, cost reduction, flexibility, and simplified disaster recovery. Tools like VMware, KVM, and Microsoft Hyper-V are commonly used. It also facilitates the rapid provisioning of environments, which is essential for DevOps and cloud-native applications.

4. What are the advantages of Cloud Computing?

Answer: Cloud computing offers several advantages: (1) Cost efficiency – reduces capital expenses by eliminating the need for on-premise infrastructure; (2) Scalability – resources can be scaled up or down easily; (3) Accessibility – data and applications are accessible from anywhere with internet access; (4) Disaster recovery – built-in redundancy and backup capabilities; (5) Automatic updates – service providers maintain and update software and hardware; (6) Collaboration – teams can collaborate in real-time; and (7) Security – many providers offer robust security measures including encryption, compliance, and monitoring tools. These benefits make cloud computing an ideal choice for modern IT solutions.

5. What is Internet of Things (IoT)?

Answer: The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of physical devices—such as sensors, actuators, appliances, vehicles, and more—via the internet, enabling them to collect and exchange data. IoT systems consist of four main components: devices/sensors, connectivity (Wi-Fi, cellular, Bluetooth), data processing (edge/cloud computing), and user interfaces. These systems are used in smart homes, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, and industrial automation. IoT improves decision-making, efficiency, and automation by providing real-time insights and remote control. However, challenges like security, standardization, and interoperability remain critical in IoT deployments.

6. How do Cloud Computing and IoT complement each other?

Answer: Cloud Computing and IoT are closely interlinked technologies. IoT devices generate massive volumes of data, which require scalable storage and processing—capabilities offered by the cloud. Cloud platforms provide the necessary infrastructure to store, analyze, and visualize IoT data in real time. Additionally, cloud services offer APIs, machine learning tools, and dashboards that enhance IoT functionality. This synergy enables smarter applications like predictive maintenance, remote monitoring, and automated decision-making in smart cities and industries. Moreover, the cloud simplifies device management and firmware updates in large-scale IoT networks.

7. What are the major components of an IoT system?

Answer: A complete IoT system includes the following components: (1) Sensors and Actuators – capture data and interact with the environment; (2) Connectivity – facilitates data transfer (e.g., Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LTE, LoRaWAN); (3) Data Processing Unit – processes and analyzes incoming data, often using cloud or edge computing; (4) User Interface – allows users to monitor and control devices through apps or dashboards. Additionally, security, scalability, and interoperability play crucial roles in the successful deployment of IoT systems. The integration of these components enables smart operations and real-time control across various industries.

8. What are the different layers of IoT architecture?

Answer: IoT architecture typically consists of four main layers: (1) Perception Layer – includes sensors and devices that gather environmental data; (2) Network Layer – transmits data from sensors to data centers using communication protocols; (3) Processing Layer – analyzes and stores data using cloud or edge computing; (4) Application Layer – delivers services to end-users through applications such as smart homes or healthcare monitoring. Some models include additional layers like security or business layers to emphasize privacy and operational value. Understanding this layered architecture helps in designing scalable and secure IoT systems.

9. What are the challenges in IoT implementation?

Answer: IoT implementation faces several challenges: (1) Security – IoT devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks due to limited computing capabilities and poor encryption; (2) Interoperability – lack of standardization among devices and protocols; (3) Scalability – handling millions of devices and large data volumes; (4) Data Privacy – concerns about how user data is collected and used; (5) Power Management – especially in remote or battery-operated devices; (6) Network Reliability – uninterrupted connectivity is critical for real-time applications. Addressing these challenges requires a combination of robust architecture, secure design, and regulatory compliance.

10. What are the popular platforms used for Cloud-based IoT solutions?

Answer: Several cloud platforms offer integrated IoT services, including: (1) Amazon Web Services (AWS IoT Core) – supports device communication, analytics, and ML integration; (2) Microsoft Azure IoT Hub – provides device management, secure communication, and data insights; (3) Google Cloud IoT – offers scalability, real-time analytics, and AI tools; (4) IBM Watson IoT – focused on AI-powered industrial IoT solutions; (5) Oracle IoT Cloud – strong in manufacturing and logistics. These platforms provide scalable infrastructure, device SDKs, and APIs that simplify IoT development and deployment while ensuring security and reliability.

11. What is edge computing, and how does it relate to IoT?