Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice E-Book

Lisa P. McFaddin

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice Enables the entire veterinary team to seamlessly incorporate integrative medicine into everyday practice Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice is a unique resource designed to introduce the basic concepts of ten different integrative modalities to all members of the hospital team to establish a baseline of knowledge: explaining how patients will benefit from their use, discussing return on investment, informing veterinarians of available courses and suggested reading materials, walking managers through staff training, and providing client education materials. Supplemental web-based documents and presentations increase the ease with which staff are trained and clients are educated. Integrative medicine is not an all-or-nothing concept. This umbrella term encompasses a wide spectrum of treatment modalities. Therapies can be used individually or in combination, as part of a multimodal approach, and applied easily to every patient or used in select cases. Sample topics covered in Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice include: * Photobiomodulation, covering light, laser specifics, mechanisms of action, supplies and equipment, and techniques * Veterinary Spinal Manipulation Therapy (VSMT), covering pain in veterinary patients, mechanisms of action, adjustment vs. manipulation vs. mobilization, techniques, and post-adjustment recommendations * Acupuncture, covering acupuncture point selection using traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) and Western medicine techniques, mechanisms of action, safety, and practical applications. * Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), covering TCVM fundamentals as it applies to herbal classification and selection, herb production, safety, and formulation, and CHM applications. Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice is a valuable resource for all veterinary hospital team members, from customer service representatives to veterinary assistants/technicians, practice managers, and veterinarians. The text is also helpful to veterinary students interested in integrative medicine, or those taking introductory integrative medicine courses.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Book Structure

References

About the Companion Website

1 Acupuncture

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

2 Chinese Food Therapy

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

References

3 Chinese Herbal Medicine

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

4 Nutraceuticals

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

5 Ozone Therapy

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

References

6 Photobiomodulation

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

References

7 Prolotherapy

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

References

8 Veterinary Regenerative Medicine

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

References

9 Trigger Point Therapy

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

10 Veterinary Spinal Manipulation Therapy

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

11 Western Herbal Medicine

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

12 Multimodal Approach

Introduction

The What

The Why

The How

Conclusion

References

Appendixes

Appendix A: Terminology

Appendix B: Veterinary Organizations

Appendix C: Reference Materials

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Book Structure

Table 1 A breakdown of my post‐nominal initials.

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 The Five Element Theory breaks down everything in the natural worl...

Table 1.2 The primary location, origin, termination region, and number of ac...

Table 1.3 The common neuronal receptors found within acupuncture points (Mit...

Table 1.4 The four types of acupuncture points designated by their neural re...

Table 1.5 The source and primary function of the most common biochemical med...

Table 1.6 The conditions under which acupuncture should not be used or shoul...

Table 1.7 Examples of studies demonstrating the efficacy of veterinary acupu...

Table 1.8 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogra...

Table 1.9 Total potential hospital start‐up costs and per‐pateint expenses f...

Table 1.10 Projected acupuncture start‐up costs for eight hospital scenarios...

Table 1.11 Estimated hospital costs per patient for 30‐ and 60‐minute acupun...

Table 1.12 Potential 30‐ and 60‐minute acupuncture appointment prices using ...

Table 1.13 The breakdown of veterinary acupuncture phase training steps and ...

Table 1.14 The legality of veterinary acupuncture (VA) and applicability of ...

Table 1.15 Common veterinary acupuncture starting supplies with approximate ...

Table 1.16 The most used veterinary acupuncture suppliers.

Table 1.17 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 The key historical and physical components affecting a traditional...

Table 2.2 Common food items classified as either Yin or Yang tonics (Yifang ...

Table 2.3 The characteristics of the five elements (Xie and Preast 2007d)....

Table 2.4 The five element theory as it applies to veterinary patient person...

Table 2.5 Common food items classified by the five element theory (Clemmons ...

Table 2.6 The five element theory as it applies to Chinese food therapy (Xie...

Table 2.7 The thermal spectrum of food (Pitchford 2002; Clemmons 2015; Xie 2...

Table 2.8 The subcategories and clinical signs associated with interior cond...

Table 2.9 The subcategories and clinical signs associated with exterior cond...

Table 2.10 The categorization of food by its TCVM properties (Pitchford 2002...

Table 2.11 The seven primary forms of Qi (Xie and Preast 2007e).

Table 2.12 The Zang‐Fu physiology and pathology of the liver and gallbladder...

Table 2.13 The Zang‐Fu physiology and pathology of the heart, small intestin...

Table 2.14 The Zang‐Fu physiology and pathology of the spleen and stomach (X...

Table 2.15 The Zang‐Fu physiology and pathology of the lung and large intest...

Table 2.16 The Zang‐Fu physiology and pathology of the kidney and bladder (X...

Table 2.17 Examples of Chinese food therapy defined by three TCVM heart path...

Table 2.18 Examples of Chinese food therapy defined by three TCVM kidney pat...

Table 2.19 Examples of Chinese food therapy defined by three TCVM gastrointe...

Table 2.20 Examples of Chinese food therapy defined by three TCVM lung disor...

Table 2.21 Examples of tongue and pulse characteristics with associated TCVM...

Table 2.22 The five tastes of food with their associated element, taste prop...

Table 2.23 Chinese food therapy classification of common foods using taste a...

Table 2.24 A therapeutic diet created mimicking the Chinese herbal formula B...

Table 2.25 Example of two therapeutic Chinese food therapy diets (Clemmons 2...

Table 2.26 Examples of potential ingredient proportions for a variety of hom...

Table 2.27 The function and disease conditions, due to over‐ or under‐consum...

Table 2.28 Examples of studies demonstrating the efficacy of veterinary food...

Table 2.29 Total potential hospital start‐up costs for Chinese food therapy ...

Table 2.30 Projected CFT start‐up costs for six potential hospital scenarios...

Table 2.31 Hospital costs per patient for 30‐ and 60‐minute CFT appointments...

Table 2.32 Potential CFT appointment pricing using hospital cost at varying ...

Table 2.33 The breakdown of CFT phase training steps and resources for the e...

Table 2.34 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest...

Chapter 3

Table 3.1 The historical and physical components affecting a TCVM diagnosis ...

Table 3.2 Common Chinese herbs classified as supporting, influencing, and/or...

Table 3.3 The characteristics of the Five Elements (Xie and Preast 2007d)....

Table 3.4 The Five Element Theory as it applies to veterinary patient person...

Table 3.5 The subcategories and clinical signs associated with interior cond...

Table 3.6 The subcategories and clinical signs associated with exterior cond...

Table 3.7 The TCVM physiology and pathology of the liver and gallbladder (Xi...

Table 3.8 The TCVM physiology and pathology of the heart, small intestine, p...

Table 3.9 The TCVM physiology and pathology of the spleen and stomach (Xie a...

Table 3.10 The TCVM physiology and pathology of the lung and large intestine...

Table 3.11 The TCVM physiology and pathology of the kidney and bladder (Xie ...

Table 3.12 Nine commonly used individual Chinese herbs designated by their C...

Table 3.13 The seven primary forms of Qi (Xie and Preast 2007e).

Table 3.14 Examples of tongue and pulse characteristics with associated TCVM...

Table 3.15 Examples of individual Chinese herbs classified by TCVM categorie...

Table 3.16 Examples of individual Chinese herbs classified by different tast...

Table 3.17 Examples of individual Chinese herbs classified by their thermal ...

Table 3.18 Examples of plant parts and types, as well as individual Chinese ...

Table 3.19 Examples of individual Chinese herbs classified by their Zang‐Fu ...

Table 3.20 Examples of individual Chinese herbs classified by their source (...

Table 3.21 Examples of individual Chinese herbs classified by their potentia...

Table 3.22 The formula ingredients, TCVM indications, and Western indication...

Table 3.23 The formula ingredients, TCVM indications, and Western indication...

Table 3.24 New and traditional Chinese herbal formulas used in veterinary me...

Table 3.25 Chinese herbs with known toxic potential. Descriptions of the cli...

Table 3.26 Common herb–drug interactions divided by category (Xie 2011; Chen...

Table 3.27 Examples of studies demonstrating the efficacy of veterinary CHM ...

Table 3.28 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogr...

Table 3.29 Potential hospital start‐up costs for CHM as of February 2023....

Table 3.30 Projected CHM start‐up costs for eight hospital scenarios, with v...

Table 3.31 Estimated hospital costs per patient for 30‐ and 60‐minute integr...

Table 3.32 Potential 30‐ and 60‐minute integrative appointment prices using ...

Table 3.33 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entir...

Table 3.34 Suggested starting supplies and approximate costs for CHM supplie...

Table 3.35 Commonly used veterinary Chinese herbal medicine suppliers and br...

Table 3.36 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest...

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Organizations monitoring and providing seals of approval for veter...

Table 4.2 Studies documenting the category and details of adverse effects as...

Table 4.3 Studies documenting the category and details of adverse effects as...

Table 4.4 Examples of researched drug interactions associated with St. John'...

Table 4.5 Online resources with reliable information about veterinary nutrac...

Table 4.6 The primary therapeutic uses of vitamins in veterinary medicine....

Table 4.7 The primary therapeutic uses of minerals in veterinary medicine....

Table 4.8 Several studies supporting the beneficial effects of short‐chain f...

Table 4.9 The source and beneficial effects of the most used joint supplemen...

Table 4.10 Studies investigating the beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty aci...

Table 4.11 The primary essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino ac...

Table 4.12 The most used antioxidant supplements in veterinary medicine with...

Table 4.13 The common/scientific names and beneficial effects of regularly u...

Table 4.14 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entir...

Table 4.15 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest...

Chapter 5

Table 5.1 Summary of the most common applications of medical ozone therapy i...

Table 5.2 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogra...

Table 5.3 Total potential hospital start‐up costs and per patient expenses f...

Table 5.4 Projected veterinary ozone therapy (VOT) start‐up costs for eight ...

Table 5.5 Estimated hospital costs per patient for 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute v...

Table 5.6 Potential 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute veterinary ozone therapy (VOT) a...

Table 5.7 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entire...

Table 5.8 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest ...

Chapter 6

Table 6.1 The FDA classification system for lasers. A description of each la...

Table 6.2 Important factors to keep in mind when working with therapeutic la...

Table 6.3 Veterinarian PBM energy density (or dose) recommendations based on...

Table 6.4 Summary of the most common chromophores affected by PBM.

Table 6.5 The primary function, therapeutic effects, and supporting research...

Table 6.6 An overview of the most common areas of cautions and the single co...

Table 6.7 Canine studies demonstrating the efficacy of PBMT in companion ani...

Table 6.8 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogra...

Table 6.9 Total potential hospital start‐up costs for PBMT as of February 20...

Table 6.10 Projected PBMT start‐up costs for six hospital scenarios, with va...

Table 6.11 Estimated hospital cost per PBM treatment based on one‐ and two‐y...

Table 6.12 Potential PBM treatment pricing using hospital costs from Table 6...

Table 6.13 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entir...

Table 6.14 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest...

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 The primary bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments comprising the ...

Table 7.2 The primary bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments comprising the ...

Table 7.3 The name, classification, and primary functions of common proteogl...

Table 7.4 Classification of the most common tendon types with description of...

Table 7.5 Summary of the three joint classification systems including the na...

Table 7.6 The conditions under which prolotherapy should not be used or shou...

Table 7.7 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogra...

Table 7.8 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entire...

Table 7.9 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest ...

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 A brief review of the history of research leading to the establish...

Table 8.2 Common growth factors released by platelets during coagulation and...

Table 8.3 The conditions under which VRM should not be used or should be use...

Table 8.4 Examples of studies demonstrating the efficacy of VRM in the treat...

Table 8.5 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogra...

Table 8.6 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entire...

Table 8.7 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest ...

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 The primary muscles affecting the canine head, neck, and thoracic ...

Table 9.2 The primary muscles affecting the canine pelvic limbs. The origin,...

Table 9.3 The classification and primary function of the main afferent senso...

Table 9.4 A list of many of the conditions responsible for the development o...

Table 9.5 Most common pharmaceutical agents used to treat the pain associate...

Table 9.6 A list of many of the mechanisms through which trigger point dry n...

Table 9.7 Examples of studies demonstrating the efficacy of trigger point th...

Table 9.8 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demogra...

Table 9.9 Total potential hospital start‐up costs and per patient expenses f...

Table 9.10 Projected trigger point therapy (TrPT) start‐up costs for eight h...

Table 9.11 Estimated hospital costs per patient for 30‐ and 60‐minute trigge...

Table 9.12 Potential 30‐ and 60‐minute trigger point therapy (TrPT) appointm...

Table 9.13 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the entir...

Table 9.14 The most used veterinary acupuncture suppliers.

Table 9.15 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interest...

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 A comparison of the common pain responses between people, dogs, a...

Table 10.2 The ligaments affected by veterinary spinal manipulation therapy ...

Table 10.3 The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into the parasympat...

Table 10.4 The name, function, location of the nucleus, reflexes, methods of...

Table 10.5 Sensory afferent receptors classified by their location (Mittlema...

Table 10.7 Sensory afferent receptors classified by their structure (Mittlem...

Table 10.8 Classification of joint mechanoreceptors by their location and as...

Table 10.9 Common neurotransmitters, and their primary functions, released b...

Table 10.10 The type of vertebral joint motion in bipeds and quadrupeds base...

Table 10.11 Overview of the canine musculoskeletal exam (Zink 2013; Duerr an...

Table 10.12 Key components of the veterinary neurologic examination. Referen...

Table 10.13 Multiple techniques used to examine the cranial nerves during a ...

Table 10.15 Multiple techniques used to examine the spinal reflexes during a...

Table 10.16 The conditions under which veterinary spinal manipulation therap...

Table 10.17 Studies demonstrating the application and efficacy of spinal man...

Table 10.18 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demog...

Table 10.19 Total potential hospital start‐up costs for veterinary spinal ma...

Table 10.20 Projected veterinary spinal manipulation therapy (VSMT) start‐up...

Table 10.21 Estimated hospital costs per patient for 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute...

Table 10.22 Potential 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute veterinary spinal manipulation...

Table 10.23 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the enti...

Table 10.24 The legality of veterinary spinal manipulation therapy and appli...

Table 10.25 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interes...

Chapter 11

Table 11.1 Common traditional herbal actions used to categorize herbs in vet...

Table 11.2 Examples of herbs with an affinity for a particular organ or tiss...

Table 11.3 Examples of Western herbs organized by their therapeutic effects ...

Table 11.4 The categories of information, with their descriptions, comprisin...

Table 11.5 Herbal monograph for Ginger root (

Zingiberis officinale

rhizome)....

Table 11.6 The steps comprising modern physiomedicalism.

Table 11.7 Example strategies used by Western herbal medicine practitioners ...

Table 11.8 Examples of herbs with known toxic potential, descriptions of the...

Table 11.9 Examples of five potential herb–drug interactions (Xie 2011b; Fas...

Table 11.10 Examples of the mechanisms through which herbs can potentially a...

Table 11.11 Examples of several studies demonstrating the efficacy of veteri...

Table 11.12 Summary of the 2022 pet ownership and pet health insurance demog...

Table 11.13 Potential hospital start‐up costs for veterinary WHM as of Febru...

Table 11.14 Projected WHM start‐up costs for six hospital scenarios, with va...

Table 11.15 Estimated hospital costs per patient for 30‐ and 60‐minute weste...

Table 11.16 Potential 30‐ and 60‐minute integrative appointment prices using...

Table 11.17 The breakdown of phase training steps and resources for the enti...

Table 11.18 Several commonly used suppliers and brands of veterinary herbs a...

Table 11.19 Veterinary associations and organizations with a special interes...

Chapter 12

Table 12.1 Summary of the primary and secondary veterinary integrative modal...

Table 12.2 The anatomic locations, traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (...

Table 12.3 Summary of the individual ingredients, amount fed, and calorie co...

Table 12.4 Summary of the individual ingredients, amount fed, and calorie co...

Table 12.6 Summary of the individual ingredients, amount fed, and calorie co...

Table 12.7 The TCVM properties of the ingredients used in the diets from 22 ...

Table 12.8 The Chinese herbs comprising the Chinese herbal formula Si Wu Xia...

Table 12.9 The Chinese herbs comprising the Chinese herbal formula Si Miao S...

Table 12.10 The nutritional properties and therapeutic benefits of each ingr...

Table 12.11 The individual herbs comprising the Chinese herbal formula Xiao ...

Table 12.12 The history, patient evaluation, and therapeutic plan at each vi...

Table 12.13 Owner's observations, musculoskeletal abnormalities (MSA), and V...

List of Illustrations

Preface

Figure 1 Myself working tirelessly with one of my integrative patients, Seam...

Figure 2 This was my tuxedo domestic shorthair “Ringo Rooney‐Face.” I adopte...

Figure 3 This was my beagle‐mix “Sir Winston Poopy Pants.” He was born in a ...

Figure 4 Schematic illustration of the body clock described in traditional C...

Introduction

Figure 5 My cats, Ringo (above) and Samantha (below), discussing why they lo...

Figure 6 My almost one year‐old budding scientist practicing evidence‐based ...

Figure 7 Schematic representation of available scientific information. The p...

Figure 8 A visual representation of veterinary evidence‐based medicine empha...

Figure 9 The alphabet of veterinary integrative medicine.

Book Structure

Figure 10 Claudia Amaya has worked in the veterinary field for over nine yea...

Figure 11 Jennifer Ackerman has worked both as a regional manager and practi...

Figure 12 Summary of the five elements of employee engagement as outlined by...

Figure 13 The application of the five elements of employee engagement utiliz...

Figure 14 Deh Tarchie‐Singletary has been working as a veterinary customer s...

Figure 15 Tama Allison has been working in the veterinary field as a license...

Figure 16 Kathleen Brooks has been working in the veterinary field for over ...

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Meet Otzi, the over 5000‐year‐old iceman, whose medicinal tattoos...

Figure 1.2 The Yin and Yang philosophy and archetypal Tai Ji symbol (Xie and...

Figure 1.3 A schematic representation of the subdivisions of the Jing Luo (X...

Figure 1.4 The order through which Qi flows through the 12 major meridians....

Figure 1.5 A visual representation of the order in which Qi or energy flows ...

Figure 1.6 Winston modeling the approximate location of the 14 major meridia...

Figure 1.7 Vitamin B12 aquapuncture materials including multidose sterile bo...

Figure 1.8 Acupuncture needles of various gauges (sizes) and lengths. All ac...

Figure 1.9 Electroacupuncture units and associated leads.

Figure 1.10 A class IV veterinary therapeutic laser with human and animal pe...

Figure 1.11 A brand of pre‐rolled moxa (

Artemisia vulgaris

) used for moxibus...

Figure 1.12 Schematic representation of common receptors found within the sk...

Figure 1.13 Flow diagram of the neurophysiology of acupuncture.

Figure 1.14 The components of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle laye...

Figure 1.15 Flow chart of the most common biochemical reactions and mediator...

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 The Yin and Yang philosophy and archetypal Tai Ji symbol (Xie and...

Figure 2.2 A visual representation of the Five Elements with the Sheng (inte...

Figure 2.3 Pattern differentiation using the Eight Principles Theory (Xie an...

Figure 2.4 The energetics of common food preparations (Rimar 2015).

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 The Yin and Yang philosophy and archetypal Tai Ji symbol (Xie and...

Figure 3.2 A visual representation of the Five Elements with the Sheng (Inte...

Figure 3.3 Pattern differentiation using the Eight Principles Theory (Xie an...

Figure 3.4 Herbal monograph of Dan Shen (Chen and Chen 2012a).

Figure 3.5 The steps used to reduce the risk of adverse effects in Chinese h...

Figure 3.6 The gram scale and one of the reusable measuring spoons used at m...

Figure 3.7 The four most used brands of veterinary Chinese herbal formulas u...

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Schematic representation of the four main proteins affecting vete...

Figure 4.2 Molecular structure of vitamin A (retinol), C

20

H

30

O.

Figure 4.3 Molecular structure of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), C

63

H

88

CoN

14

O

Figure 4.4 Molecular structure of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), C

63

H

88

CoN

14

O

14

P...

Figure 4.5 Molecular structure of vitamin D (cholecalciferol), C

27

H

44

O.

Figure 4.6 Molecular structure of vitamin E (alpha‐tocopherol), C

29

H

50

O

2

....

Figure 4.7 Molecular structure of vitamin K

1

, C

20

H

30

O.

Figure 4.8 Algorithmic summary of the three categories of microbiome therapy...

Figure 4.9 Algorithmic summary of prebiotic mechanisms of action. Fermentati...

Figure 4.10 Algorithmic summary of probiotic mechanisms of action. Probiotic...

Figure 4.11 Micrograph image of

Lactobacillus

from a vaginal specimen, at a ...

Figure 4.12 Micrograph image of

Bifidobacterium

on a blood agar plate, at a ...

Figure 4.13 Micrograph image of

Enterococcus

which appear as small round Gra...

Figure 4.14 Algorithmic summary of fecal microbiome therapy (FMT) mechanisms...

Figure 4.15 Photograph of resin from the

Boswellia serrata

tree, also known ...

Figure 4.16 Chemical structure of chondroitin sulfate, (3R,4R)‐2‐[(2R,3S,4R,...

Figure 4.17 A slice of dried turmeric root (top), turmeric powder (bottom le...

Figure 4.18 Chemical structure of glucosamine (C

6

H

13

NO

5

; 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐g...

Figure 4.19 Photograph of a green‐lipped mussel (

Perna canaliculus

) native t...

Figure 4.20 Chemical structure of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), C

2

H

6

O

2

S, aka ...

Figure 4.21 Chemical structure of omega‐6 fatty acid (aka n‐6 polyunsaturate...

Figure 4.22 Chemical structure of omega‐3 fatty acid (aka n‐3 polyunsaturate...

Figure 4.23 Molecular structure of eicosapentaenoic acid (aka EPA, timnodoni...

Figure 4.24 Molecular structure of docosahexaenoic acid (aka DHA, doconexent...

Figure 4.25 Cartoon model of the collagen triple helix (aka tropocollagen)....

Figure 4.26 Chemical structure of a collagen type II fragment, C

108

H

175

F

3

N

32

Figure 4.27 Molecular structure of arginine, C

6

H

14

N

4

O

2

.

Figure 4.28 Molecular structure of L‐carnintine, C

7

H

15

NO

3

.

Figure 4.29 Molecular structure of glutamine, C

5

H

10

N

2

O

3

.

Figure 4.30 Molecular structure of lysine, C

6

H

14

N

2

O

2

.

Figure 4.31 Molecular structure of taurine, C

2

H

7

NO

3

S.

Figure 4.32 Molecular structure of L‐theanine, C

7

H

14

N

2

O

3

.

Figure 4.33 Molecular structure of L‐tryptophan, C

11

H

12

N

2

O

2

.

Figure 4.34 The molecular structure of astaxanthin, C

40

H

52

O

4

.

Figure 4.35 The molecular structure of coenzyme Q10, C

59

H

90

O

4

.

Figure 4.36 Molecular structure of glutathione, C

10

H

17

N

3

O

6

S.

Figure 4.37 Photograph of the milk thistle (

Silybum marianum

) plant.

Figure 4.38 Molecular structure of

N

‐acetylcysteine, C

5

H

9

NO

3

S.

Figure 4.39 Molecular structure of quercetin, C

15

H

10

O

7

.

Figure 4.40 Molecular structure of resveratrol, C

14

H

12

O

3

.

Figure 4.41 Molecular structure of

S

‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine, C

15

H

22

N

6

O

5

S.

Figure 4.42 Photograph of the

Cannabis sativa

plant, also known as the hemp ...

Figure 4.43 Photograph of reishi (

Ganoderma lucidum

) mushrooms.

Figure 4.44 Photograph of turkey tail (

Coriolus versicolor

) mushrooms.

Figure 4.45 Photograph of a shiitake (

Lentinus edodes

) mushroom.

Figure 4.46 Photograph of a maitake (

Grifola frondosa

) mushroom.

Figure 4.47 Photograph of the

Valeriana officinalis

flower.

Figure 4.48 Factors and questions the veterinarian should consider when util...

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Molecular structure of ozone or triatomic oxygen, O

3

.

Figure 5.2 A schematic representation of ozone within the atmosphere. The oz...

Figure 5.3 A schematic representation of a corona discharge ozone generator ...

Figure 5.4 The primary variables to consider when administering veterinary o...

Figure 5.5 A summary of the common methods of systemic veterinary ozone ther...

Figure 5.6 The common methods and locations for local veterinary ozone thera...

Figure 5.7 An algorithmic summary of the effects of ozone on the immune syst...

Figure 5.8 An overview of the precautions necessary to ensure veterinary ozo...

Figure 5.9 The most common conditions for which ozone therapy is used in vet...

Figure 5.10 Images of basic essential ozone equipment. (a) An ozone generato...

Figure 5.11 Images of common accessories utilized when performing veterinary...

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 A schematic depiction of the distribution of electromagnetic wave...

Figure 6.2 A graphical illustration of a light (electromagnetic) wave which ...

Figure 6.3 A diagram depicting the differences in wavelength and frequency b...

Figure 6.4 Illustration of the dispersion of light through a prism into the ...

Figure 6.5 Photograph of multiple line lasers. From bottom to top there are ...

Figure 6.6 A simple schematic of a laser. The laser cavity contains two mirr...

Figure 6.7 Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) come in a variety of colors, shapes,...

Figure 6.8 A schematic of a simple PN light‐emitting diode (LED). The PIN di...

Figure 6.9 A schematic representation of the four possible outcomes during l...

Figure 6.10 An algorithmic breakdown of the irradiation and dosage parameter...

Figure 6.11 Example of a Class IIIb laser used in veterinary medicine.

Figure 6.12 Example of a Class IV laser used in veterinary medicine.

Figure 6.13 Demonstration of a gridding technique over the right elbow. The ...

Figure 6.14 Demonstration of a surrounding technique on a wound. The wound i...

Figure 6.15 A summary of the multiple mechanisms of action involved in PBM w...

Figure 6.16 The four main biological effects (therapeutic mechanisms) seen f...

Figure 6.17 An algorithmic breakdown of the physiologic mechanisms of action...

Figure 6.18 A schematic diagraph of the mitochondrial electron transport cha...

Figure 6.19 Schematic diagraph of the production of reactive oxygen species ...

Figure 6.20 Common signaling molecules stimulated by PBM, the effects caused...

Figure 6.21 The regulatory effect of PBM on effector molecules.

Figure 6.22 Schematic summary of the most common cellular mechanisms associa...

Figure 6.23 The four key biological effects or therapeutic mechanisms of act...

Figure 6.24 A graphic representation of the four phases of wound healing sho...

Figure 6.25 The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 created the Occup...

Figure 6.26 Both the operator and patient are wearing appropriate PPE design...

Figure 6.27 Example of a laser safety sign for a Class IV therapeutic laser....

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 A schematic representation of a synovial joint and the surroundin...

Figure 7.2 A cartoon model of the collagen triple helix or tropocollagen. Ea...

Figure 7.3 (a) An ossified tendon from an

Edmontosaurus

found in Wyoming. (b...

Figure 7.4 A schematic drawing of primary components within a synovial joint...

Figure 7.5 A cross‐section of decellularized articular cartilage stained wit...

Figure 7.6 The timeline for the phases of wound healing (Land...

Figure 7.7 Schematic summary of the inflammatory phase of wound healing whic...

Figure 7.8 An overview of the inflammatory cascade. Most inflammatory mediat...

Figure 7.9 The molecular structure of dextrose, C

6

H

14

O

7

.

Figure 7.10 Molecular structure of ozone or triatomic oxygen, O

3

.

Figure 7.11 A schematic representation of the formation and dismutation of o...

Figure 7.12 The overlapping phases of healing, primary beneficial effects, a...

Figure 7.13 An algorithmic depiction of Ben‐Yakir's (2020) proposed mechanis...

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 A schematic drawing of primary components within a synovial joint...

Figure 8.2 An overview of the phases of wound healing. The first step is ces...

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 A schematic representation of the organization of sarcomeres with...

Figure 9.2 An illustration of the structure of skeletal muscle. The outermos...

Figure 9.3 The common characteristics and physiologic effects of trigger poi...

Figure 9.4 The multifactor process of trigger point (TrP) formation divided ...

Figure 9.5 Schematic diagram of a trigger point in a human trapezius muscle....

Figure 9.6 Demonstration of the flat palpation technique for myalgia and tri...

Figure 9.7 Demonstration of the pincer palpation technique for myalgia and t...

Figure 9.8 An overview of the complex and interwoven etiology of trigger poi...

Figure 9.9 One type of warm and cold packs/devices used in veterinary medici...

Figure 9.10 One type of veterinary Class IIIb therapeutic laser.

Figure 9.11 One type of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) u...

Figure 9.12 One type of therapeutic ultrasound used in veterinary medicine....

Figure 9.13 An example of trigger point dry needling. A 28g 1‐inch sterile a...

Figure 9.14 A summary of the mechanisms of action and physiologic effects of...

Figure 9.15 A summary of the mechanisms of action and physiologic effects of...

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 The location and anatomy of the intervertebral disk. The illustr...

Figure 10.2 Intervertebral foramen (IVF) are paired holes between the verteb...

Figure 10.3 The anatomy of the canine brain.

Figure 10.4 The nuclei and lamniae comprising the gray matter of the spinal ...

Figure 10.5 The tracts within the spinal cord white matter.

Figure 10.6 Anatomy of a multipolar neuron.

Figure 10.7 Visual depiction of glial cells, also called neuroglia.

Figure 10.8 The function of voltage‐gated ion channels during the propagatio...

Figure 10.9 Approximation of an action potential. The nerve cell's resting m...

Figure 10.10 Schematic representation of common receptors found within the s...

Figure 10.11 The location (left), sensory afferent receptors (right), motor ...

Figure 10.12 The location (left), sensory afferent receptors (right), motor ...

Figure 10.13 A schematic representation of joint movement from active range ...

Figure 10.14 A schematic representation of the three‐dimensional (3D) moveme...

Figure 10.15 Real‐life examples of three‐dimensional (3D) spinal movements i...

Figure 10.16 The canine lumbar motion unit. (a) Dorsal spinous process, (b) ...

Figure 10.17 Examples of motion palpation landmarks for vertebrae in the cer...

Figure 10.18 Common contact points used in veterinary spinal manipulation th...

Figure 10.19 The components of the vertebral subluxation complex (VSC). PBC,...

Figure 10.20 Kinesiopathology is the foundation of dysfunction within the VS...

Figure 10.21 The complex sequelae of hypomobilities (Cramer et al. 2014; Riv...

Figure 10.22 Examples of manual adjustments of the fifth cervical vertebrae,...

Figure 10.23 Examples of cervical, right elbow joint, and right carpal joint...

Figure 10.24 Example of mobilization of the right accessory carpal bone (ACB...

Figure 10.25 Examples of a stretch and hold on the right shoulder joint and ...

Figure 10.26 The affected anatomy, physiologic effects, and therapeutic bene...

Figure 10.27 The primary causes of motion segment hypomobility, neurophysiol...

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 The hierarchical classification of taxonomy. The inverted pyrami...

Figure 11.2 Example of diagnostic algorithms used is veterinary Western herb...

Figure 11.3 Examples of the inventory in the herbal pharmacy of a veterinari...

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 An algorithmic representation of the multimodal traditional appr...

Figure 12.2 An algorithmic representation of the multimodal integrative appr...

Figure 12.3 A list of many conditions for which the incorporation of veterin...

Figure 12.4 A list of many of the conditions for which the incorporation of ...

Figure 12.5 A list of many of the conditions for which the incorporation of ...

Figure 12.6 Photographs taken during Winston's dry needle acupuncture sessio...

Figure 12.7 The individual herbs comprising Xiao Yao San. A sample ground, i...

Figure 12.8 The Kan Essentials tablet preparation of Happy Wanderer (Xiao Ya...

Figure 12.9 Photographs of the tarsus of a 10‐year‐old female spayed Labrado...

Figure 12.10 Photographs of spinal manipulation, mobilization, and traction ...

Figure 12.11 The primary causes of motion segment hypomobility, neurophysiol...

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Book Structure

About the Companion Website

Begin Reading

Appendixes

Index

End User License Agreement

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Integrative Medicine in Veterinary Practice

Lisa P. McFaddinDVM, GDCVHM, CVSMT, CVMRT, FCoAC, CVA, CVFT

Caring Hands Animal Hospital,Bristow, USA

Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per‐copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750‐8400, fax (978) 750‐4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748‐6011, fax (201) 748‐6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication DataNames: McFaddin, Lisa P. (Lisa Pinn), author.Title: Integrative medicine in veterinary practice / Lisa P. McFaddin.Description: First edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley‐Blackwell, [2024] | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2024000369 (print) | LCCN 2024000370 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119879541 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119879572 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119879565 (epub)Subjects: MESH: Animal Diseases | Integrative Medicine | Complementary Therapies–veterinaryClassification: LCC SF745.5 (print) | LCC SF745.5 (ebook) | NLM SF 745.5 | DDC 636.089/55–dc23/eng/20240124LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024000369LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024000370

Cover Images: Courtesy of Lisa P. McFaddinCover Design: Wiley

To my parents who have always supported me and my harebrained endeavors. See dad, it’s a good thing I never worked at Blockbuster.

To my key and my husband. Thank you for harmonizing, encouraging, and loving me.To my son, who will be so glad his mom does not spend every spare minute in her office typing, thank you for not letting me take myself too seriously.

Preface

My Story

Most of my childhood memories center around being eight years old. During this time my dad said “Lisa, you seem to like animals a lot: you should be a veterinarian.” As your classic goal‐oriented type‐A personality when presented with a challenge, I saddled up, buckled down and committed until the job was done. You often hear veterinarians describe a calling to help those who cannot help themselves, to care for the innocent, or an innate preference for non‐human company. While I agree with these sentiments and love animals, at its core I became a veterinarian because the proposition seemed like an exciting and difficult pursuit.

I then spent the better part of my adolescence and young adult life with one mission: Get into vet school. I studied like crazy in high school. I attended a liberal arts college for my undergraduate studies, in large part to appear cultured on my application. I worked summers as a kennel and veterinary assistant at multiple animal hospitals trying to sponge up as much information and experience as possible.

Thankfully I was accepted on my first attempt. I was technically wait‐listed, and in a non‐dramatic fashion decided I would give up vet med and move to a remote island and open a craft store. That was until I was accepted and suddenly my island lifestyle seemed impractical.

With all the effort to get into vet school, I never gave much thought to what I would do afterward. While in high school I volunteered at a local animal shelter for two years. As this was my first veterinary “job” there was a huge learning curve. It was here I learned how to properly restrain animals, to interpret animal behavior, to clean lots and lots of poop, to cherish the moment when a cat or dog found their forever home, and the sadness associated with mass euthanasia due to overcrowding. During this time, I became the lead euthanasia assistant. One of my primary jobs was to inventory the shelter at least once a month, noting which cats and dogs had been there the longest, were ill, or had behavioral issues. This “kill list” was given to the shelter veterinarian. The doctor would euthanize the pet while I held. Some days we would have to cull over 15 animals. As you can imagine this is a lot for anyone to handle, especially someone whose frontal cortex had not yet fully formed. I only worked in this position for a couple of months. Eventually the stress and grief became too taxing, and I took reprieve in a summer job working at a greenhouse. The thought of being the doctor performing those mass euthansias was too much, and I decided shelter work was not for me.

Academia had and has always interested me. I love that light bulb moment when a student, intern, or team member understands a new concept or solves a puzzle. There is nothing more rewarding than contributing to another human being's “aha” moment. While I find the time in the lecture hall and clinics thrilling, I have trepidations regarding research. I have never considered myself a talented science writer, mostly because the necessity for brevity eludes me. To top it all off the dog‐eat‐dog nature of research funding seems too exhausting, so academia was out.

I have always loved neurology; there is something about the logicality of the field that soothes my need for structure and order. I am not, however, a fan of surgery in any form, especially surgeries which require drills and dissecting microscopes. I am also impatient and find the waiting period from first cut to the appearance of the spinal cord or brain excruciating. As an aside when I was an intern, during my first neurosurgery I tried too hard to impress the clinician. I attempted to set up the surgical suite myself. I, of course, threw the wrong end of the drill cord off the surgery table which, as you can imagine, did not a happy neurologist make. I spent the remainder of that neurology rotation on pins and needles trying not to screw up any more procedures. I did master the ability to make the most perfectly tiny bone wax balls and the smallest slices of gel foam.

Like many vet students, without a clue as to what to do once I graduated, I decided to delay my adulting decisions and pursue an internship. My then boyfriend, now husband, and I packed up our two cats, brand new puppy, and two 5‐gal buckets of saltwater fish and drove 14 hours from Blacksburg, Virginia to Northbrook, Illinois for my one year rotating surgical–medical internship. While my internship year was most comparable to a year‐long poorly paid hazing event, I did learn an incredible amount about being a veterinarian, trusting myself, and developing a tougher exterior shell.

Unfortunately, I still had not figured out what I wanted to do when I grew up. Over the next seven years I worked as a general practitioner, relief emergency veterinarian, and eventually created my own relief business. During this time, I still felt lost, and slightly disenfranchised by veterinary medicine. I was not prepared for the financial reality of how veterinarians are paid and the gravity of paying back my student loans. I also began to find the routine of general practice mundane. Before I created my relief business, I decided to study veterinary acupuncture as a way to carve out my own niche within a veterinary practice and hopefully increase my production numbers.

When choosing an acupuncture school, I decided to go big or go home. I wanted to immerse myself in this new field of study and who better to learn from then Dr. Xie at Chi University. During my studies my dog fell ill with a fungal infection, Blastomycosis, and the treatment nearly fried his liver. I used all my Western tools, but his liver values worsened. I decided to incorporate acupuncture, and with the help of my instructors added in Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese food therapy. Amazingly, his liver values improved, he got better and even thrived. He had more energy, his coat was softer, and he seemed happier. I also started using my acupuncture training when working emergency and general practice. I noticed a pattern. My patients improved faster with the incorporation of acupuncture. One of the beauties of working with animals is the general absence of placebo effect.

At that point I was hooked. Learning various aspects of integrative medicine was like eating potato chips: I could not have just one. After completing my acupuncture training over the next four years I studied Chinese food therapy (Chi University), Chinese herbal medicine (College of Integrative Veterinary Therapies), and veterinary spinal manipulation therapy (Healing Oasis). And most recently I completed my veterinary massage and rehabilitation therapy training (Healing Oasis). I would joke that while some people collected shoes, I was collecting initials. This alphabet soup of initials resulted in one client dubbing me Dr. LOL (Lots of Letters).

My diagnostic and treatment abilities improved greatly because of my integrative training. Figure 1 depicts me hard at work with one of my favorite bulldogs. My physical examinations seemed more thorough. My patients seemed healthier and happier. My clients seemed more engaged and satisfied. Don't get me wrong, it has not been all puppies and daisies. I still have setbacks, frustrations, stubborn never‐resolving cases. But I love that I have more options for treating my patients. I am grateful for the knowledge I have gained about veterinary medicine, my patients, and myself. I will never stop learning and trying to improve. Besides there are still a few initials I would like to add to my collection.

Figure 1 Myself working tirelessly with one of my integrative patients, Seamus.

Source: Lisa P. McFaddin.

My Pet Tales

Scientific evidence, highlighting the benefits of each modality, is referenced throughout the book. Before we delve into the nitty‐gritty, I thought an old‐fashioned Top 10 list describing the ways in which my own pets have benefited from integrative medicine would be appropriate. And yes, I know testimonials are not a form of evidence‐based medicine. I would, however, argue there is still benefit in hearing the owner's stories and experiences.

Figure 2 This was my tuxedo domestic shorthair “Ringo Rooney‐Face.” I adopted him my first year of vet school from an undergrad who could not handle an eight‐week‐old kitten. His favorite pastimes include hiding toys and trinkets in my shoes and listening to his own echo when he screams at the top of his lungs in the shower at 3 a.m. Sadly, Ringo passed two months shy of his 18th birthday.

Source: Lisa P. McFaddin.

Top 10 Personal Pet Tales

Lysine + ocular herpes

: Since adoption my first‐born, a tuxedo kitty named Ringo (

Figure 2

) would have periodic ocular herpes outbreaks. I would come home to find him squinty‐ and puffy‐eyed with thick goopy discharge. Within a month of starting daily lysine therapy, the outbreaks lessened in severity and duration, and eventually stopped. And yes, I am aware a systematic review of lysine supplementation by Bol and Bunnik (

2015

) found no evidence the amino acid has antiviral properties and could increase the frequency and severity of infection. Additionally, correlation does not equal causation and it is possible the outbreak would have self‐resolved. But as this was my first experience as a veterinary student with animal supplements it left a lasting impression.

Acupuncture + tail pain

: Winston, my then six‐year‐old beagle mix pictured in

Figure 3

, woke up one morning and could not lift or wag his tail. This was limber tail gone crazy. He would banshee scream and beagle howl whenever he had to defecate. Radiographs were unremarkable, and no neurologic abnormalities were found, aside from pain. All traditional treatments failed: anti‐inflammatories, opioids, steroids, gabapentin, amantadine, and methocarbamol. I was about halfway through my acupuncture training, so I only knew a few points. Within 24 hours of acupuncturing around the tail base he could poop without screaming. Within one week, after two additional treatments, he could raise his tail and wag like crazy without so much as a whimper.

Chinese herbs + liver enzyme elevations

: While on oral antifungals for his second blastomycosis infection, Winston developed this insatiable thirst and a rotary sprinkler‐like urinary habit. (In veterinary medicine we routinely call increased thirst polydipsia and increased urination polyuria. The combination of both issues is called PU/PD.) Recheck blood work showed his liver enzymes had spiked. Unfortunately, the PU/PD and liver values did not improve with the implementation of standard liver supplements. Knowing I could not stop the antifungals, for fear of a relapse, I felt lost. Amid my acupuncture training, and long before I started my Chinese veterinary herbal medicine training, I spoke with my acupuncture instructors who advised the use of a Chinese herbal formula. Within three weeks of starting the herbs his PU/PD normalized. Six weeks after starting the herbs his liver enzymes were almost half their original value. Within nine weeks his liver values were normal and remained normal for the rest of the antifungal treatment, which lasted another three months.

Figure 3 This was my beagle‐mix “Sir Winston Poopy Pants.” He was born in a research laboratory at my alma mater, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine. He was part of a multidisciplinary study evaluating the effects of hypothyroidism on fertility. He was one of seven puppies in his litter who all turned seven weeks old the day the fourth years found out we had passed our boards. Nothing says “I need a puppy” like finding out you are going to be a veterinarian. Sadly, Winston passed shortly after his 15th birthday.

Source: Lisa P. McFaddin.

New food + food aversion