Killing Cousins E-Book

OJ Modjeska

• Herausgeber: Next Chapter
• Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

After an investigation spanning nearly two years, Los Angeles investigators come up empty in the case of a terrifying serial sex killer.

But then, a seemingly unrelated arrest is made across state lines. In book two of Murder by Increments, we journey deeper into the life and mind of the suspect at the center of the case: one of the most confounding and mysterious serial killers in American history.

Killing Cousins documents the shocking story of an abusive childhood that created a monster, and the suspect's possible involvement in a separate string of killings of teenagers in Rochester, New York.

Did this man truly have multiple personalities, or was he a cunning sociopath enacting a daring hoax against the criminal justice system? By the end, you make up your own mind.

Leseprobe

Killing Cousins

Murder By Increments Book 2

O.J. Modjeska

Copyright (C) 2019 O.J. Modjeska

Layout design and Copyright (C) 2019 by Next Chapter

Published 2019 by Next Chapter

Cover art by Cover Mint

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the author's permission.

PART ONE: BITTER SOIL

Chapter 1

It's squaresville, Ken would say of his hometown, Rochester. There was nothing there; nothing waiting for him but a job at Kodak.

He invoked Kodak often as a convenient shorthand for all the reasons Rochester was a nothing place, hardly fit for a man like him, a man with dreams and ambitions.

The company that actually invented the digital camera in 1975 haplessly dropped it from their line out of fear it would threaten their core business, a decision that ultimately stripped it of its position as the foremost manufacturer of photographic equipment. Kodak became a poster child for postindustrial irrelevance, as did many mid-size cities in the northeast. Ken couldn't see into the future, but he knew Kodak was a place for losers, and so was Rochester.

The other thing Ken always talked about was the cold. Over one hundred inches of snow a year, nine months of which were spent indoors. The townsfolk awoke in darkness at six o'clock and didn't know if it was morning or night. The May Lilac Festival suffered a regular deficiency of lilacs.

The Buonos weren't bothered about the cold and gloom. They had been toughened by endless days working in the hot sun of San Buono, in the Abruzzio region of Italy. In 1919, when Kenneth's mother Frances was born, Rochester was an industrial boomtown. Her parents were among the millions that migrated from Southern and Eastern Europe after the war. They settled in Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and Rochester in great numbers, and the cities prospered with the influx of labor. The work was hard, the cold and snow horrendous, but there was a good living to be made, new homes, and space to raise families. And that was all that really mattered.

The Buonos were a typical Italian family of their time and place. Devout Catholics, they believed a large family was proof of God's bounty. Frances was one of eight children. Her father worked long, exhausting hours as a manual laborer supporting his expanding brood. Mother was occupied all day with the tasks of managing the household and feeding the children. They were provided for materially, but had little in the way of undivided attention or nurturance from their parents—although such was hardly unusual in Italian migrant families at the time.

Even so, there was perhaps always in Frances a feeling of being overlooked; a hunger for love and attention that seemed forever beyond her grasp. The shy, sweet temperament of Nicholas Bianchi therefore suited her. This was no man about town who she must share with everyone else.

The two met at Jefferson High, where they became fast sweethearts. Even then they were a study in contrasts. Frances was opinionated and liked to take charge. Nicholas was retiring and gentle. He was, according to the mores of the time, an abject failure as a man. He tried to enlist in the army but was rejected because of his phobias of insects and worms, and a chronic stutter, for which he had been mercilessly teased throughout school. He joined the American Brake Shoe company as a laborer, where he would routinely put in twelve-hour days. If he couldn't represent his country he could still do the backbreaking work required of a man with little prospects to put bread on his table, feed a family, and earn some kind of respect in the world. Nobody disputed Nicholas' ability to work, but over time, he developed a gambling habit, and all the punishing hours of labor were often for nothing.

Frances and Nicholas married in 1941, and despite their incompatible natures, in the early years at least, they were thought to be very much in love.

From the beginning Frances knew that she, too, wanted a big family. As soon as they were married, Frances and Nicholas began trying for a baby. Soon, however, it became obvious something was wrong: nothing was happening. She consulted a doctor and learned that not only was she unable to conceive, but that she was suffering a life-threatening condition and needed an immediate hysterectomy.

The procedure was a success, but afterwards, Frances spiraled deep into depression. Her whole life had prepared her for motherhood. The traditional Catholic view held that the birth and rearing of children was a woman's primary purpose. She took her barrenness as a personal failing. The hysterectomy also resulted in premature menopause, further derailing an already perilous emotional state.

Nicholas hated to see his wife so miserable, so it was not difficult for her to persuade him that they should seek an adoption.

The little boy they eventually settled on was the biological son of a young man who shared the same Italian Catholic heritage. Handsome, with fair skin, dark hair, and bright blue eyes, he was just over six pounds at birth and physically robust.

It isn't clear how much the Bianchis knew about his time on earth before he reached their care, but when Frances laid eyes on him, she knew he was the one she wanted. He was perfect.

* * *

Ken's biological mother, Florence King, was a beautiful but dissolute go-go dancer.

Still a teenager, she had already been in and out of children's court for several minor offences, and spent her days drinking, chain-smoking and sleeping with just about any man who crossed her path.

Florence neither knew nor cared what contraception was. At sixteen she fell pregnant with Ken, one of four unplanned children. Soon after she set her sights on a new paramour, a soldier from Buffalo. The child was an inconvenience that did not fall within their plans, and Ken was made a ward of the state.

Baby Ken began life unloved and unwanted, and things would continue for him in this vein for quite some time. A foster arrangement was found for him with an elderly woman in Rochester, but the woman was indifferent to his care, leaving him with friends and neighbors to be looked after. When the authorities became aware of this, Ken was placed in a new foster home, but it seems this arrangement was not much better than the last. Thus, by the time he was adopted by the Bianchis, he had been passed back and forth between numerous caregivers, who displayed a range of inconsistent reactions to him, from short-lived curiosity to indifference and hostility.

Forensic psychologists believe that the lack of a primary bond with a caregiver in the first three years of life is a common element in the childhood backgrounds of sociopaths and violent criminals. It is also a risk factor for a range of mental disorders in the psychotic and dissociative class.

Young Ken had already had a rough start in life. Was he broken at birth?

Perhaps under the right circumstances, with supportive and nurturing new caregivers, things might have turned out differently. Either way, it didn't much matter, because things in fact were about to get even worse.

The first warning of what lay ahead was the court's hesitancy to award full custody of Ken to the Bianchis. Initially the arrangement was for temporary custody. At this time, Ken was three months old. The court's reasons in delaying fulfillment of the request for full custody are a matter of speculation, but the discharge records from Rochester Hospital where Ken was briefly admitted in 1958 contain a note stating the attending doctor's view that the delay may have been due to questions about the Bianchi's' fitness as parents. Full custody was finally awarded when Ken reached one year of age, much to Frances' relief. From the beginning she was passionately attached to Ken as an antidote to her own feelings of emotional insecurity, and with only temporary custody, she feared he could be snatched from her at any time.

A further ill omen was the fact that the Bianchis had at one time had two other young children in their care under a fostering arrangement, but these children had been removed from the home by the welfare agency. The discharge records from Rochester Hospital noted that the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was “aware” of Frances' activities and that Frances had taken care of other children, but they had been taken from her for reasons unknown.

Then there was the family's financial situation, and all its consequences. Nicholas was in the unfortunate habit of gambling away his wages at the tracks, and the family was continually on the move trying to evade angry creditors who threatened to kill him. Before Ken reached adolescence he would move residences and schools multiple times. This was a chaotic, unstable home environment, no matter what good intentions may have existed.

Frances had wanted to be a good mother—that much seems self-evident. She was socially ambitious and concerned to be seen doing the right thing. She lined the walls of their cramped apartment at the corner of Broad and Saxon in red chinoiserie wallpaper, and had Ken's room painted in bright hues, decked out with a complete set of child's maple furniture. Toys and colorful picture cut-outs were arrayed against one wall. She had clearly envisioned for herself a normal child, and a normal family life. She placed in her home the markers of domestic happiness and fulfillment hoping that somehow that would make it so. She grasped for a conventionality painfully at odds with both of their natures.

The reality that emerged is an example of a narcissistic family system. She obsessively wanted herself to be loved, to be needed, to have another creature be entirely dependent on her. In this way, while appearing to be single-mindedly devoted to Ken's needs, she used him to meet her own.

There was much Frances was unhappy about. But she rarely allowed these thoughts to trouble her mind. She set them to one side and focused on the things she could control. This is an entirely normal, if not always healthy, psychological coping mechanism. In its extreme form, it becomes—in the psychologist's lexicon—repression and denial.

Focusing solely on Ken was a way for France to distract herself from her own problems: the difficulties in her marriage, the family's perpetually chaotic living and financial situation, her own unsatisfied wish to reach a higher stratum in society. All the while, she could appear to be fulfilling a perfectly admirable social role, that of the dedicated mother. The strategy was flawed, however, not only because the problems persisted, but because the pressures on the child became unbearable.

It is possible that Kenneth Bianchi learned at an early age to deal with reality in the way that his mother did. What you dislike, what you cannot tolerate, all the pressures, no matter how unbearable— simply don't give them any conscious acknowledgement.

When entrenched psychological reflexes of denial and repression are paired with abuse, the result, according to some psychological theories, is the phenomenon of splitting. This is when the ego literally shatters, and other identities are created to cope with the abuse and protect or suppress the “core” or original self.

This is mentioned not by way of proof of an argument for Ken's later diagnosis of multiple personality, but rather to demonstrate why the psychiatrists who reviewed the literature on Ken's early life thought the pieces of the puzzle fit together just so.

Chapter 2

In the Bianchi home the days blurred together. Nicholas was away at work and Frances had nothing to absorb her attention but the care of the house, and of course, Ken.

Ken was a screamer. So was Frances. In winter these two were stuck together in a kind of tortured intimacy for endless hours. From dawn until bedtime it was an endless cycle of tantrums and Frances' alternating efforts at succor and discipline.

The union was intense to the point of claustrophobia. Ken was the centre of Frances' entire world. Despite the constant rancor he was, in her eyes, a perfect child. The slightest suggestion of any emotional upset or threat to his wellbeing sent her into a tailspin.

Frances was a hypochondriac and doctor-shopper. Over time she also focused this persistent health anxiety on her son. Any hint of illness in the boy, from a sniffle to a sore throat, sent her scurrying to the doctors to have Ken evaluated. Early on she also learned to isolate Ken from other children, for fear he would catch germs. This pattern continued throughout his childhood, and lengthy absences from school were common. Ken was no doubt very lonely, but the only attention he could get was from his mother, and nothing got her attention more than being sick.

Whilst certain physical findings were made for Ken, the paper trail of Ken's medical visits suggest that doctors thought his illnesses were mostly psychological in origin. Also significant is that practically every report mentions the troubled relationship between mother and child and the impression that Frances herself was a deeply disturbed individual.

At first, Frances was concerned about mild coughing and what appeared to be allergies. She felt that Ken was particularly sensitive to pollutants in the air and tried to keep him indoors. Between 4 December 1951 and 22 May 1952, Frances took Ken, who at this time was less than a year old, to the doctor a total of eight times. The doctor diagnosed a persistent low-grade respiratory infection that was slow to respond to the treatment given, but was satisfied by the improvement, and found that otherwise the child was in good health and was growing strong. Mrs. Bianchi's concern and repeated visits were viewed as excessive and troublesome.

There was a momentary reprieve to the Bianchi's constrained living situation with a move to a larger, more desirable apartment in Saratoga Street. The residential area was safer and more upscale, and had a fenced-in yard. This move was no doubt a welcome one for Frances, who was—aside from her desire to attain a higher social standing—worried about Ken running out onto the road. Unfortunately it was to be rather short lived. The next move, to Los Angeles, was necessitated both by Nicholas' creditors catching up with him and by Frances' ongoing concern about Ken's lungs. He had by now developed asthma, and she thought a warmer climate would be beneficial. The family went to stay with France's sister, Jennifer Buono—Angelo Buono's mother.

The record of doctor's visits continued in California. Frances took Ken to the Children's Hospital, Los Angeles for multiple complaints including night sweats, bed-wetting and laryngitis. A note in the medical record makes a rather blunt assessment of Frances: “Mother needs help”.

During their time in Los Angeles, Ken was enrolled at the Century Park Elementary School, where at the age of five he sustained a fall on a jungle gym. Although Ken sustained no apparent serious injury, the Bianchis—showing a litigious streak—filed suit with the school for $5,000, on the grounds that they had failed in their duty of care.

Following this accident, a new, more troubling set of symptoms appeared. Ken had had previous issues with bedwetting that now turned into day-long incontinence: Ken was forever dribbling urine in his pants, and now Frances imposed the additional humiliation of making him wear sanitary napkins to prevent him soiling his clothes. The introduction of the sanitary napkin regime had apparently been preceded by an incident in a flower shop. Mother and son were standing in the queue to the counter with several other customers when Ken suddenly lost control and peed his pants right then and there in the store. Frances, according to Ken, berated him loudly in front of all the other patrons and insisted he wear the sanitary napkins thereafter.

In his sixth or seventh year, Ken also began to have petit mal seizures. Sometimes referred to as “absence seizures”, these are episodes of short duration where normal consciousness is lost, usually accompanied by a blank stare or upward roll of the eyes, and minor twitching or tics. They can occur both within and outside of epileptic syndromes, and can include automatism, with the subject performing movements that they later have no memory or awareness of; walking to another room for example.

Ken would now go into bizarre trance states in which his eyes would roll back, his head would move from side to side in a repetitive purposeless motion, and he would lose awareness of his surroundings.

Frances decided Ken must be suffering from epilepsy, and took him once again to the doctors to have the new symptoms evaluated. A doctor's letter dated 12 August 1957 recorded that physical examinations and tests had indicated that there was no evidence of involvement of the central or peripheral nervous system in the episodes of eye-rolling and the purposeless movements. It “apparently occurs when the child is frightened or possibly it is a habit which the child developed to attract attention.”

The doctor was suggesting that Ken's “physical” problem was in fact a reaction to something in his environment: something unhealthy. The eye rolling occurred when he was “frightened”, or when he was “seeking attention”. Frances was again sent away empty-handed, without a concrete diagnosis of what was wrong with her perfect little boy, and she was angry.

Frances framed the issue as one of incompetence on the part of the doctors. There was something wrong with Ken, something physically wrong. He was a sick child. But they were too lazy and stupid to figure out what it was and give him the appropriate treatment.

As one doctor would later point out, in her relentless search for an organic diagnosis, it was as if she was at pains to absolve herself of what the doctors seemed to be quietly accusing her of: being a bad mother and the architect of a budding hysteric.

* * *

The eye-rolling and petit-mal seizures continued, peaking during times of acute emotional stress. The time in California had apparently not been happy for anyone, and as soon as Nicholas had saved enough money, the family moved back to Rochester. It seemed that nothing much worked out for the Bianchis. Theirs was a life of false starts and circular efforts, all underpinned by the grand scheme of unsatisfied ambition.

On the drive back east there were violent thunderstorms. Ken went into a panic; from the front seat Frances was not able to calm him and the screaming tantrum gave way to the characteristic withdrawal of consciousness, rocking, shaking and severe eye-rolling.

Soon after this incident there was, by Frances' accounts to medical staff, a precipitate deterioration of all symptoms. Ken's urinary incontinence also worsened. According to a report Frances provided to a doctor Ken now “dribbled” six or seven times a day between morning and bedtime. With the family again settled in Rochester and Ken re-enrolled at school, the soiling problem increased not only Frances' obsessive worry and interference but Ken's isolation from his peers. The other children would laugh at him and bully him about always “peeing his pants”. Frances was livid at the teachers and the school administration for allowing this to happen, and had yet another reason to keep him out of class.

In December of 1958 Ken—now aged seven—was admitted to Rochester General Hospital to have the cause of his incontinence investigated. The hospitalization would prove to be an extremely taxing experience for all concerned,; especially the staff.

At first, all seemed to go well. Ken complied with all instructions without comment or complaint. The staff found him well-behaved, perhaps to a degree that suggested he was intimidated by adults and authority figures. He was startled by any loud noise, commotion or aggressive talking; his twitches and tics recurred sporadically when interacting with the nurses. The general impression gained was that this was such a very anxious child.

The following comment is recorded in the write-up of the preliminary physical examination: “quiet and apprehensive seven-year-old … continually makes purposeless movements of head and hands. The child is polite and appears somewhat passive.”

There was a drastic change in Ken's demeanor during visiting hours, when Frances arrived. Suddenly he would have one complaint after another. Tantrums and aggressive outbursts alternated with fits of crying. Mrs. Bianchi would pursue and berate any nurse or doctor within radius for a solution tofor Ken's issue of the moment. If the staff did not jump to accommodate Frances' barrage of demands and questions she became irate. Do something, she demanded. Why wouldn't they just do something? They were incompetent. They were useless. They were all just after her money, and even with that they couldn't do their job.

On the second day of Ken's hospitalization, the staff's trials worsened. The child's fluids had been restricted in order to perform an IVP, an x-ray examination of the entire urinary tract. Frances wasn't happy. Kenneth was accustomed to having plenty of water and this had been part of the management plan for his problems until that time. She threatened to discharge Ken from the hospital prematurely. The chief medic in charge of Ken's care, Dr. Townsend, was eventually—with some difficulty—able to persuade her to have Ken stay so the IVP could be completed.

During further medical examinations at Rochester General, it was discovered that Ken had a congenital deformation of the kidneys known as Horseshoe Kidney. In this condition the kidneys are fused together at one end, creating the characteristic shape of a horseshoe. Nonetheless, the medical staff felt that the urinary dribbling had more to do with emotional upset. The fact that it occurred during the day, not at night, suggested atypical incontinence likely associated with stress. Dr. Townsend referred in his notes to the “complicated psychiatric environment” presented by the mother and child and said he strongly doubted that she would accept any but an organic cause for Ken's problem.

The staff had additional reason to speculate about trouble at home. Frances at one point made the troubling disclosure that she had tried all manner of physical punishments to get Ken to stop wetting. She had spanked him before he went to the toilet in hopes he would “go enough” so that he would not dribble later; but it “hadn't helped”.

The likely reality of physical, as well as emotional abuse is alluded to in a note recorded by Dr. Townsend on 17 December 1958: “she uses questioning of the boy to test the accuracy of the house-staff, saying 'He's been whipped when he lies so he wouldn't lie to me'.”

But things were about to get even stranger. When Frances learned that the nurses had asked Ken to wash up and take care of himself after visiting the toilet, she went ballistic. She said that she always “took care of Ken herself” when he visited the bathroom. When it was pointed out that it was normal for a boy of his age to be independent in his toileting, she became hysterical. She said that she didn't intend that he should take care of himself, and that she would take care of him “until she was unable to do so physically”.

The staff were horrified by this revelation. To them, it raised the possibility that Frances' intrusiveness and domination over every facet of the child's life extended to the inappropriate handling of Ken's genitals. Was Frances' habit of “assisting” Ken in the toilet an indirect form of sexual abuse? What else, then, might be going on, for example at bath time?

The medical investigations into Ken's urinary incontinence had involved the insertion of a catheter into the urethra via the penis, and extensive handling of his genitals and surrounding areas. There is the wider question of how all this, in combination with the mother's inappropriate touching, was experienced by the child. The psychiatrists who evaluated Ken in Washington would touch on the potential significance of this in the later psychopathology of their patient in their reports to Judge Kurtz, observing the fairly obvious correlation between sexual abuse at the hands of the maternal caregiver and Ken's later pervasive hatred and mistrust towards women.

Whatever the truth of all this, the staff at Rochester General Hospital were disturbed enough by what they had seen to recommend psychiatric evaluation and treatment for both Frances and Ken. Frances staunchly refused. Insisting that Ken's problems were a result of organic causes that the doctors had not uncovered due to their own incompetence, she was adamant that she would not allow any psychiatric examination or care for Kenneth until she herself decided this was essential. At every turn she defended her total and complete ownership of the child and any decisions affecting his welfare.

The recommendation for psychiatric evaluation was the final nail in the coffin of relations between Frances and the staff, and much to their frustration, on the day following the IVP exam, Frances signed Ken out of the hospital against advice and consent. Dr. Townsend wrote a lengthy addenda to the discharge summary to protect the hospital's interests in view of the fact that Ken had been discharged early against advice, when they had not completed all physical examinations. Within this report Townsend placed some emphasis upon the fact that the family had been known to social services and many physicians across the country, that two children had already been removed from Mrs. Bianchi's care, and that it seemed obvious that psychological evaluation and help for the mother and child was necessary alongside any physical interventions but that all such help had been refused.

“The relationship between this boy and his mother leaves a lot to be desired … In brief, the relationship between these two might be considered pathological”.

* * *

Although it wasn't the primary purpose of Ken's visit, the doctors at Rochester General Hospital had also been troubled by the strange purposeless movements of his hands and face. Finding no organic explanation for the movements, the hospital staff put them down to a stress reaction, possibly of an extreme nature.

Medical and psychiatric literature points to such purposeless movements as a feature of several conditions including dissociation and catatonic schizophrenia. Psychiatrist Ralph Allison would later note that they are often observed in Multiple Personality Disorder patients. Where children are exposed to repeated trauma, the brain systems become sensitized and habituated. A typical pattern is the emergence of a state of hyperarousal; or, in extreme cases, dissociation. Emotional signs are anxiety, vigilance, irritability and impulsivity and characteristic physical signs are musculo-skeletal rigidity and random, purposeless movement. These were the signs Ken presented to several doctors over the years, who repeatedly described him in terms such as “anxious”, “apprehensive”, and “hyperactive”.

Dissociation is a means of fleeing the source of trauma through a kind of psychic withdrawal. It is much more dangerous to the mind and ego than the usual “flight or fight” reaction, in which a person is in a condition of nervous arousal, but remains in a state of realistic self expression.

Later, psychiatrists would wonder if it were possible that Ken, at only six years of age, was already exhibiting signs of extreme trauma reaction and dissociation—well before an integrated identity had even had a chance to develop.

Chapter 3

Whatever horrors a child is subjected to at home, relationships with others—proxy caregivers—in the extended family or community might at least provide a modicum of stability and offset some of the damage.

For Ken this was never a real possibility, as the family was continually on the move. Between 1958 and 1960 they uprooted no less than four times: from rather shabby accommodations in Lyell Avenue in what was then the red-light district of Rochester, to a more upscale pink-painted house on Wildwood Drive in Greece, then on to Villa and Campbell Streets, back in the central area of Rochester.

All this time Ken was also changing schools, and any relationships he might develop with peers and teachers were each time abruptly severed.

Ken later said that he had, in a manner of speaking, devised his own solution to his lack of friends and companionship. Around this time, at eight or nine years of age, he said he began to receive visits from an imaginary friend, whom he called Sticks.

Ken referred to him as a brother or a twin. He appeared to him when he was hiding under his bed from Frances during one of her rages.

Imaginary friends are common in the histories of MPD patients, although they are hardly unusual among psychologically healthy people.

Sticks was initially Ken's playmate, characterized as kind, fun and trustworthy; but over time, Ken said, he changed, and turned “nasty”.

Could Sticks have been the progenitor of the malignant Steve?

* * *

Unsurprisingly, with the many moves, Frances' habit of keeping Ken home from school, and his many emotional and behavioral problems, Ken's academic performance was poor. Even so, some of Ken's teachers later described him as a creative child. Strengths in art and writing were noted, though the subject matter of many of his creations—such as the statue with the monster's face found in his basement in Bellingham—were thought rather strange.

Ken, in his early years, was particularly fond of drawing. One of his earliest sketches was a picture of a man with a hat holding a gun: a police officer. It seems that from a tender age, he had developed a fascination with the archetype of the cop, and all the associated themes of power, control and authority.

Ken's teachers felt that his failure to thrive was a result of problems at home, and in a written report, the finger was pointed squarely at Frances. Following a parent-teacher conference on 16 December 1958, the Greece School District made the following note in Ken's file:

“Mrs. Bianchi is in. She is a very nervous person, easily upset. As a result Ken is also nervous and wets his pants. Check his health record. Mother needs to be calmed down.”

Frances was fed up with the continual moves and the substandard accommodations. Her dream had always been for middle-class domestic security, so in 1959 she finally persuaded Nicholas to purchase a large, comfortable house in the respectable suburb of Greece, Rochester. The house was well beyond the family's means, and Nicholas was forced to take on extra work hours to finance the mortgage. Social workers affiliated with Rochester Hospital remarked on the obvious irrationality of the decision.

The reality was that the Bianchis could not afford the house. Nicholas's overtime wasn't enough to compensate for their increased expenses, and it wasn't long before the family could neither pay their bills nor meet the mortgage repayments. The Bianchis lost their home and were back living in shabby rentals in central Rochester. Frances' efforts to place them in higher social standing had met with financial disaster.

Things were about to get worse for the Bianchis, however. In 1960 they were reported again to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children over concerns about Ken's home life. It isn't recorded who made this report, but there is a good chance it was Ken's school. Ken's troubled emotional state was drawing attention and was seen as a red flag of abuse.

Social workers visited the Bianchis on a number of occasions over the next period. The investigation report heavily criticized Frances' dominance and Nicholas' passivity in matters of discipline. The SPCC pointed out that the family's financial situation was a result of the father allowing himself to “pushed around” by the mother. The agency's conclusion was that Frances was “a deeply disturbed person”. Without intervention from Nicholas or anybody else outside the family she had “smothered the child in medical attention and maternal concern” from the time of adoption, all of which had distorted Ken's development and led to his tantrums, aggression, wetting and hysterical acting out.

The recommendation for psychiatric assessment and treatment for Frances and the child was again made and again refused. Despite this, Ken was not removed from Frances' care.

One consequence of the dive in the family's fortunes was that Frances herself now went out to work, taking a part-time job with the Bell Aircraft Company. Arrangements were made with a neighbor for Ken's care while she was away from the house, and the social worker from the SPCC noted that during this time Ken's mood and behavior were markedly improved. His urinary incontinence also, for a time, resolved. Nonetheless, the SPCC were now aware that no follow-up had been organized to finalize testing on Ken's kidneys after he had earlier been prematurely discharged from the hospital, so their visits prompted a further round of medical investigations, this time at Strong Memorial Hospital.

The medical staff there, after further intrusive testing and probing, no doubt frightening and painful for Ken, came to the conclusion that there was nothing organically wrong with him to cause the chronic wetting. Ken's problem, they said, was emotional, not physical.

The report of this admission emphasized Frances' defiance towards the doctors and her conviction that they were against her and Ken in every matter. She had relentlessly “doctor-shopped” over the years in search of one that would tell her what she wanted to be told and do what she wanted done, but they always came to the same conclusion: that she was the problem. Dr. Dane Pugh was of the opinion that Frances' history of consulting with doctors about Ken indicated “apparent paranoid trends”. He, like the others, recommended psychiatric evaluation for herself and Ken.

Frances was infuriated and insulted by the recommendation for psychiatric treatment and the insinuation that she was the cause of Ken's problem. These medical men impugned her motherhood, the only real purpose and point of pride in her existence. She decided to keep on the search and take her business elsewhere; and, still with no organic diagnosis and Ken's wetting problem continuing unabated, by the end of 1960 she had had enough.

Finally, after consulting with doctors at the Genesee Hospital, she was able to find one willing to perform a procedure that would supposedly correct Ken's incontinence.

Ken was admitted on 28 November. The hospital records indicate that a cystoscopy and retrograde pyelogram under general anaesthesia were performed for diagnostic purposes, revealing the bladder was normal except for mild hypertrophy and “a very slight but definite contracture at the vesicle neck.” The pyelogram confirmed the existence of a horseshoe kidney. The hospital performed a meatotomy followed by “periodic urethral dilatations.”

A meatotomy is a highly invasive procedure with a painful recovery. It involves cutting of constrictions of the urethra at the tip of the penis and splitting of the underside of the glans. Once again this involved handling, probing and now outright incision and assault on this young boy's genitals.

It is hard to imagine how all this was experienced by a nine-year old boy. At any rate, the operation was not a success, for the incontinence continued. This was unsurprising since the procedure was designed to correct a physical problem, but it had already been observed on numerous occasions that Ken's wetting followed an emotional pattern and came on with anxiety and upset, conditions which were positively unrelenting for him under Frances' care.

It must be said that, even though partial excuse due to Frances' own ignorance and emotional instability may be made, this unnecessary operation on a child of nine years age was a heinous act.

Chapter 4

That there was something distinctly wrong with this child and this family escaped few who came into contact with the Bianchis.

In 1962 they were once again reported to the authorities, this time by the Monsignor at Ken's school. The report referred to concerns over Ken's behavioral problems, difficulties getting along with classmates and teachers, and his chronic absenteeism. Much to Frances' chagrin, she and Ken were now referred to the DePaul psychiatric clinic, whose reports would later be of such interest to Bianchi's defense team. With social services threatening her, Frances finally—and reluctantly—complied.

The two visited the clinic twice, and the staff there made extensive notes of their observations of this decidedly toxic relationship.

The DePaul reports repeat themes set out in the earlier medical literature but give a darker and more disturbing insight into the mother-son relationship. Presumably, over time, that relationship had grown deeper and more enmeshed, and not in a good way.

But Ken was also reaching pre-adolescence, and now there were suggestions that the relationship had an inappropriately sexual tenor.

In the consultation rooms, Frances allegedly comported herself seductively, stroking her leg and frequently pulling down her blouse to reveal more of her bosom. She struck the doctor as threatening, critical and overly involved where Ken was concerned, “having her own needs met with the son”. During the consultations he learned she had hit Ken with a shower hose and shown him sex magazines. There were “oedipal problems, with the mother provocative and wanting love”.

A Dr. Dowling prepared the report that would later become fodder for speculations about an MPD diagnosis.

He concluded that Kenneth was both very hostile and very dependent. He depended on Frances for his very survival, therefore he kept his great anger under cover, through a massive effort of repression and denial which caused obvious strain on his whole personality and development. The denial was to such an extent he had told Dr. Dowling that his mother and father were “the best parents in the world.”

Kenneth was, in Dowling's view, extremely lonely and wanted to move away from Frances and towards other relationships; but he was limited by Frances and feared hurting, and being hurt by, her, should he strive for greater independence.

He expended great effort in pleasing Frances, but she was never happy with him. Dowling's conclusion about Ken's medical issues was that these were psychosomatic complaints, and they were the only means by which he could get back at his mother. Without them, the doctor concluded on a note of irony, he might well have been “a severely disturbed child”.

Dowling felt strongly that Frances Bianchi was not motivated to get help for herself or for Ken. After the second visit to the DePaul Clinic, Frances bluntly refused any more assessment or treatment for Ken, effectively sealing a fate that seemed already predestined.

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