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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
Python is a great language to get started in the world of programming and application development. This book will help you to take your skills to the next level having a good knowledge of the fundamentals of Python.
We begin with the absolute foundation, covering the basic syntax, type variables and operators. We'll then move on to concepts like statements, arrays, operators, string processing and I/O handling. You’ll be able to learn how to operate tuples and understand the functions and methods of lists. We’ll help you develop a deep understanding of list and tuples and learn python dictionary. As you progress through the book, you’ll learn about function parameters and how to use control statements with the loop. You’ll further learn how to create modules and packages, storing of data as well as handling errors. We later dive into advanced level concepts such as Python collections and how to use class, methods, objects in python.
By the end of this book, you will be able to take your skills to the next level having a good knowledge of the fundamentals of Python.
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Copyright
Learn Python in 7 Days
Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing
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Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: May 2017
Production reference: 1190517
ISBN 978-1-78728-838-6
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Credits
Authors
Mohit
Bhaskar N. Das
Copy Editor
Muktikant Garimella
Reviewer
Rejah Rehim
Project Coordinator
Ulhas Kambali
Commissioning Editor
Kunal Parikh
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Acquisition Editor
Denim Pinto
Indexer
Pratik Shirodkar
Content Development Editor
Anurag Ghogre
Graphics
Abhinash Sahu
Technical Editor
Hussain Kanchwala
Production Coordinator
Deepika Naik
About the Authors
Mohit ([email protected]) is a Python programmer with a keen interest in the field of information security. He has completed his bachelor's degree in technology in computer science from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, and master’s in engineering (2012) in computer science from Thapar University, Patiala. He is a C|EH, ECSA from EC-Council USA and a former IBMer. He currently works in Sapient. He has published several articles in national and international magazines. He is the author of Python Penetration Testing Essentials and Python: Penetration Testing for Developers, also by Packt.
His LinkedIn profile is https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohit-990a852a/.
Bhaskar N. Das ([email protected]) is an application developer with a keen interest in the field of analytics and financial markets. He completed his Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering from Dehradun Institute of Technology, India and his master's degree in science (2014) in CSR and ethical management from FH BFI, Vienna, Austria. He has eight years of experience with IBM and has worked on several web and analytics-related technologies. He has published technical articles in leading magazines.
His LinkedIn profile is https://www.linkedin.com/in/bhaskar-das-093a2012/.
About the Reviewer
Rejah Rehim is currently a security architect with Faya Innovations, India and is a long-time preacher of open source and has authored a book titled, Effective Python Penetration Testing. He is a steady contributor to the Mozilla Foundation and his name has been featured in the San Francisco Monument made by the Mozilla Foundation.
He is a part of the Mozilla add-on review board and has contributed to the development of several node modules. He has also been credited with the creation of eight Mozilla add-ons, including the highly successful Clear Console add-on which was selected as one of the best Mozilla add-ons of 2013. With a user base of more than 44,000, it has registered more than 6,50,000 downloads till date. He has successfully created the world's first one-of-a-kind security testing browser bundle, PenQ, an open source Linux-based penetration testing browser bundle preconfigured with tools for spidering, advanced web searching, fingerprinting, and so on.
Rejah is also an active member of the OWASP and a chapter leader of OWASP Kerala. He is also an active speaker at Coffee@DBG, one of the most premier monthly tech rendezvous in Technopark, Kerala. Besides being a part of the Cyber Security division of Faya currently and QBurst in the past, Rejah is also a fan of process automation and has implemented it in Faya.
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Table of Contents
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
Getting Started with Python
Why Python?
Python applications
Versions
Implementations of Python
Installation
Installation on Windows platform
Installation on Linux platform
Installation on Mac OS
Notepad++ installation
Python file formats
Python interactive shell
System or environment variables
Setting environment variables in Windows
Setting environment variables in Linux
Setting environment variables in Mac OS (OS 10.9)
Writing a simple Hello World! program
Basic Python syntax
Comments in Python
Triple, double and single quotes
Python back slash
String inside the quotes
Escape sequence in Python
String concatenation
Formatted output
Indentation
Summary
Type Variables and Operators
Variables
Single assignment
Multiple assignment
Data types in Python
Numeric data types or numbers
Integers and long integers
Floating point numbers
Complex numbers
Boolean data type
String data types
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) character sets
Conversion functions
Arithmetic expressions
Mixed mode arithmetic
Mixed Mode Conversion
Type conversions
Operators
Arithmetic operators
Comparison operators
Variants of assignment operator
Bitwise operators
Logical operators
Membership operators
Identity operators
Operator precedence
Summary
Strings
Python strings
The subscript operator
Slicing for substrings
Python string methods
String case methods
String strip methods
String split methods
String justify methods
String Boolean methods
String functions
Tuple
Creating an empty tuple
Creating tuple with elements
Indexing tuple
Slicing of tuple
Unpacking the items of tuples
Tuple functions
Operations of tuples
Exercise
Summary
Lists
Creating a list
Creating a list with values
Unpacking list values
List operations
Accessing list values
Slicing the list
Updating the list
Deleting values from a list
Addition of Python lists
Multiplication of lists
in operator
List functions
len()
max ()
list ()
sorted ()
List methods
append ()
extend ()
Difference between append and extend.
count ()
index ()
insert()
remove()
pop()
reverse()
List comprehensions
Exercises
Summary
Dictionary
Overview of dictionary
Operations on the dictionary
Accessing the values of dictionary
Deleting an item from the dictionary
Updating the values of the dictionary
Adding an item to the dictionary
Dictionary functions
len()
str()
max()
min()
dict()
Dictionary methods
copy()
get()
setdefault()
has_key()
keys()
values()
update()
items()
clear()
Python dictionary with for loop
Practical program
Exercise
Summary
Control Statements and Loops
Control statements
The if and if...else statement
The if...elif...else statement
Loops
Types of loops
Definite loop
Indefinite loop
The while True and break statement
The break statement
Nested loops
The continue and pass statements
The pass statement
Summary
Function and Scope of Variable
Functions
Categories of functions
Built-in functions
User-defined functions
Function definition
Calling a function
Function with arguments
Function with an argument and return type
Function with default argument
Function with variable length argument
Key-value pair as variable length argument
Pass by reference versus pass by value
Scope of variables
Memory management
Summary
Modules and Packages
Modules
The import statement
Locating Python modules
Compiled Python files
The Python package
Summary
File Handling and Exceptions
Reading text from a file
The read() method
The readline() method
The readlines() method
Exercise
Writing text to a file
Examples
Pickling
Unpickling
Exceptions
The try statement with an except clause
Multiple exception blocks
The try...finally statement
The exception argument
Raising exceptions
User-defined exceptions
Summary
Collections
Collections
Counter
Update function
Usage of counters
Operations of Python collection counter
Deque
Populating deque
Deque consumption
Deque rotation
Ordered dictionary
Sorting of ordered dictionary based upon keys
Sorting of ordered dictionary based upon values
Default dictionary
Sample problem solved by the default dictionary - scenario one
Sample problem solved by the default dictionary - scenario two
Named tuple
Adding values and creating a dictionary
Summary
Class and Objects
Object-oriented programming overview
Key concepts
Creating a class
Instance variables
The __init__ method
Class variables
Class inheritance
Multiple inheritance
Multilevel inheritance
Overriding methods
Operator overloading
The class method
The static method
The private variable
Summary
Preface
Python was initially developed by Guido Von Rossum as a fun project and was named after his favorite show Monty Python's Flying Circus. It was developed in 1991, but it started becoming popular around 2008. A major contributor to this popularity was Google, which has developed a number of platforms using Python. Recently, Python has been popularized by cloud, DevOps, data science, data analytics, machine learning, and natural language processing. With more and more data harvesting and data processing, people want to get into new types of job roles, which require basic programming skills, and Python perfectly suits all the categories of job work. Learn Python in 7 Days has been designed to give such people an easy way to learn and master the basics of Python in 7 days. The book covers the basic and necessary concepts that are required to understand the working of the Python language. The book is for all types of readers and learners. It also acts as a refresher for experienced people. We believe that we have covered as much as possible for making it a book to be finished in seven days; however, we believe that merely reading the book is not sufficient to master programming skills. It will take more than that to achieve mastery. We hope you enjoy reading the book and use it as a good learning book.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started with Python, gives you the background of Python programming language, along with installation instructions and basic commands.
Chapter2, Type Variables and Operators, gives you an idea of variable types and the various types of operators used in Python.
Chapter 3, Strings, sheds light on various strings and string operations in Python.
Chapter 4, Lists, gives the idea of one of the important collection types, called lists, available in Python and all the relevant operations that could be done on lists.
Chapter 5, Dictionary, covers another important collection type available in Python and deals with the basics of dictionary and the various operations on a dictionary.
Chapter 6, Control Statements and Loops, discusses about various control statements, such as if statement, and loops (for, while, and so on), which could be used to write a piece of code in Python.
Chapter 7, Function and Scope of Variable, gives you an idea about functions that could be user-defined or built in. The chapter talks about the basics of a function and various operations. Also, the chapter gives you an idea about the validity of a variable within the particular scope of the code block.
Chapter 8, Modules and Packages, discusses about various modules and packages that are available in Python and also how to create your own package and module.
Chapter 9, File Handling and Exceptions, is divided into two parts; the first part deals with different file handling operations and the second part deals with exception handling.
Chapter 10, Collections, gives you the primer for different types and subtypes of collections in Python and explains the basic operations that could be done on them.
Chapter 11, Class and Objects, finally gives you an idea about some object-oriented programming concepts that are available in Python.
What you need for this book
For this book, you need to install Python 2.7x version on your machine, along with a simple text editor (Notepad or Notepad++). All the examples are meant to be run on the Python 2.7 version and will not work in Python 3.x versions.
Who this book is for
This book is intended for people who have zero to some background in computer programming. It is also intended for people who want to have some refresher in Python programming.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "The next step is to editbuild.propertiesfile."
A block of code is set as follows:
print "Name Marks Age" print ( "%s %14.2f %11d" % ("John Doe", 80.67, 27)) print ( "%s %12.2f %11d" %("Bhaskar" ,76.901, 27))print ( "%s %3.2f %11d" %("Mohit", 56.98, 25))
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
$ brew install python
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Once done, click on Activate."
Reader feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this book-what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it helps us develop titles that you will really get the most out of. To send us general feedback, simply e-mail [email protected], and mention the book's title in the subject of your message. If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, see our author guide at www.packtpub.com/authors.
Customer support
Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you to get the most from your purchase.
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for this book from your account at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Learn-Python-in-7-days. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
You can download the code files by following these steps:
Log in or register to our website using your e-mail address and password.
Hover the mouse pointer on the
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tab at the top.
Click on
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.
Enter the name of the book in the
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Select the book for which you're looking to download the code files.
Choose from the drop-down menu where you purchased this book from.
Click on
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Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:
WinRAR / 7-Zip for Windows
Zipeg / iZip / UnRarX for Mac
7-Zip / PeaZip for Linux
The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Java-9-Programming-By_Example. We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books-maybe a mistake in the text or the code-we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are verified, your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title.
To view the previously submitted errata, go to https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/support and enter the name of the book in the search field. The required information will appear under the Errata section.
Piracy
Piracy of copyrighted material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all media. At Packt, we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously. If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the Internet, please provide us with the location address or website name immediately so that we can pursue a remedy.
Please contact us at [email protected] with a link to the suspected pirated material.
We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable content.
Questions
If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at [email protected], and we will do our best to address the problem.
Getting Started with Python
The Python language had a humble beginning in the late 1980s when a Dutchman Guido Von Rossum started working on a fun project, which would be a successor to ABC language with better exception handling and capability to interface with OS Amoeba at Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica. It first appeared in 1991. Python 2.0 was released in the year 2000 and Python 3.0 was released in the year 2008. The language was named Python after the famous British television comedy show Monty Python's Flying Circus, which was one of Guido's favorite television programmes. Here we will see why Python has suddenly influenced our lives and the various applications that use Python and its implementations. In this chapter, you will be learning the basic installation steps that are required to perform on different platforms (that is Windows, Linux, and Mac), about environment variables, setting up of environment variables, file formats, Python interactive shell, basic syntaxes and finally printing out formatted output.
Why Python?
Now you might be suddenly bogged with the question, why Python? According to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2016 ranking Python ranked third after C and Java. As per Indeed.com's data of 2016, the Python job market search ranked fifth. Clearly, all the data points to the ever rising demand in the job market for Python. Its a cool language if you want to learn just for fun or if you want to build your career around Python, you will adore the language. At school level, many schools have started including Python programming for kids. With new technologies taking the market by surprise Python has been playing a dominant role. Whether it is cloud platform, mobile app development, BigData, IoT with Raspberry Pi, or the new Blockchain technology, Python is being seen as a niche language platform to develop and deliver a scalable and robust applications.
Some key features of the language are:
Python programs can run on any platform, you can carry code created in Windows machine and run it on Mac or Linux
Python has inbuilt large library with prebuilt and portable functionality, also known as the standard library
Python is an expressive language
Python is free and open source
Python code is about one third of the size of equivalent C++ and Java code
Python can be both dynamically and strongly typed--dynamically typed means it is a type of variable that is interpreted at runtime, which means, in Python, there is no need to define the type (
int
or
float
) of the variable
Python applications
One of the most famous platforms where Python is extensively used is YouTube. The other places where you will find Python being extensively used are the special effects in Hollywood movies, drug evolution and discovery, traffic control systems, ERP systems, cloud hosting, e-commerce platform, CRM systems, and whatever field you can think of.
Versions
At the time of writing this book, two main versions of the Python programming language were available in the market, which are Python 2.x and Python 3.x. The stable release as of writing the book were Python 2.7.13 and Python 3.6.0.
Implementations of Python
Major implementations include CPython, Jython, IronPython, MicroPython, and PyPy.
Installation
Here we will look forward to the installation of Python on three different OS platforms, namely, Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. Let's begin with the Windows platform.
Installation on Windows platform
Python 2.x can be downloaded from https://www.python.org/downloads. The installer is simple and easy to install. Perform the following steps to install the setup:
Once you click on setup installer, you will get a small window on your desktop screen as shown here; click on
Next
:
Provide a suitable installation folder to install Python. If you don't provide the installation folder, then the installer will automatically create an installation folder for you, as shown in the following screenshot. Click on
Next
:
After completion of step 2, you will get a window to customize Python as shown in the preceding screenshot. Notice that the
Add python.exe to Path
option has been marked
x
. Select this option to add it to system path variable (which will be explained later in the chapter), and click on
Next
:
Finally, click on
Finish
to complete the installation:
