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Diabetes is a condition that affects how your body uses food for energy. When you eat, the carbohydrate found in most foods is changed into a type of fuel called glucose. Glucose circulates in the blood and is the major energy source for the body. In order for cells in muscles and other tissues in the body to use glucose for energy, a hormone called insulin is required. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, a gland located deep in the abdomen partially behind the stomach. When you have diabetes, either the pancreas does not make enough insulin, or the body does not respond to the insulin that is made. Sometimes, a person with diabetes can have both of these problems. When insulin is not doing its job of moving glucose into the cell, glucose builds up in the bloodstream and tissues, and is excreted in the urine. When this happens, the body loses its main source of fuel. Diabetes occurs when glucose levels in the blood stream go above a normal level (hyperglycemia). There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 Type 1 1 out of 10 people with diabetes has type 1 diabetes. It occurs most often in children or young adults. The pancreas produces little or no insulin making it necessary to inject insulin every day. The causes of type 1 diabetes are complex and still not completely understood. One appears to inherit the genetic predisposition which is activated by a trigger such as a virus or chemical. This starts an attack on the immune system that results in the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas. Type 2 9 out of 10 people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. It occurs most often in people over 40 though younger people can be diagnosed. In type 2, either there is not enough insulin, or, more commonly, the insulin that is available is not working properly (insulin resistance). The greatest risk factors for type 2 diabetes are family history of type 2 diabetes, being overweight and getting little or no exercise. The treatment is healthy eating, physical activity and often medications. Sometimes, insulin injections help control blood glucose levels. Gestational Diabetes Gestational diabetes first develops during pregnancy because hormonal changes create an insulin resistant state that causes the body to increase insulin production, unfortunately, if the pancreas cannot keep pace with the increased demand, high blood glucose levels result. In order to protect the baby’s health, it is very important that the mother’s blood glucose be carefully controlled during pregnancy. For most women, once the baby is born, blood glucose levels return to normal, but these women are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020
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published by matthew Johnson
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Title Page
Copyright Page
Natural Cure For Diabetes And Hypertension Within Two Weeks
Living With Rheumatic Heart Disease, Heart Diary
I dedicate this book to my true love, my wife and the love of my life.
Thank for always being there for me and the kids.
Diabetes is an old-fashioned word that means polyuria technically.
it comes from a word that means to siphon water out of the body, so diabetes describes large volumes of urine and there's two conditions where this happens once called diabetes mellitus ,
and one is called diabetes insipidus and the two completely separate diseases it's a bit of a pity they've got the same name.
Really but in diabetes insipidus, there is a lack of antidiuretic hormone now you might remember the antidiuretic hormone increases the reabsorption of water from the renal tubules.
if you increase the reabsorption of water from the renal tubules what's that going to do to the amount of water in the urine well it's going to reduce it will reduce your own volumes, so antidiuretic hormone has an antidiuretic effect because the diaeresis means an abnormally large Volume of urine,
so lack of antidiuretic hormone will result in polyuria but the urine tasted insipid it's diabetes insipidus it's watery diabetes and water watery polyuria caused by lack of antidiuretic hormone and these days we can treat this by giving um synthetic antidiuretic hormone or sometimes called vasopressin.
is an old-fashioned name for antidiuretic hormone but I'm only mentioning this because this is nothing to do with what we want to talk about is nothing to do with diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus means sugar diabetes mellitus or mellitus means sweet so in this case you get a sweet polyuria the patient produces a large volume of urine and it tastes sweet these did these days.
I'm pleased to say we don't have to taste the urine because we have the up dipsticks now but there's two completely different forms of diabetes mellitus and these are called type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus now type 1 diabetes mellitus used to be called juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus,
and this is still a reasonable description of the condition because most cases presenting in young people it has a juvenile-onset so the patient might be 12 13 14 years old when they present that would be reasonably typical juveniles presenting with it but it's they must have insulin and the reason for this is that they have stopped producing any of their own insulin at all so in an established case of type 1 diabetes.
The patient produces no insulin and the reason for this is that the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas have been destroyed and we now that know that probably in virtually all cases if not all cases this is an autoimmune disease it's now clear that this is an autoimmune disease in probably virtually all cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus and we know this because if you take biopsies of the pancreas we can see that the t-cells a mediating progressive autoimmune destruction we can find other inflammatory cells they'll be macrophages they're the body's own the up that body's defense cells that we be in T lymphocytes natural killer cells which are destroying the body's own beta cells.
it's a terrible mistake it's an autoimmune disease the immune system has got it wrong and is destroying its own beat ourselves efficiently meticulously ruthlessly absolutely destroying the beta-cells strangely not affecting the alpha cells at all not at all and this process takes several years to develop actually because features clinical features only present when 70 80 or 90% of the beta cells have been destroyed .
so I guess there's a lot of spare beta cells but it's only when a lot has been destroyed that that presents and the disruption of the beta-cell mask could take well I guess several years a year or more several years but only when 70 to 90 percent are destroyed due to clinical features present in type 1 diabetes go back to diabetes generally .
Away to think about diabetes is that the blood sugar levels rise of course and the World Health Organization say that if the blood sugar levels rise above 7 fasting or 11.1 random blood sugar levels then we should consider diabetes so in other words,
if someone hasn't eaten for 12 to 24 hours and the blood sugar levels are 7 or above that will be abnormally high and if you take a random blood sugar level someone's blood sugar throughout the day and you find it's more than 11 points 1 again that would be abnormally high and indeed glucose in urine.
Is always abnormal if there's glucose in the urine usually that means that the renal threshold has been exceeded and the renal threshold in most people is around about 11 millimoles so what that means is the kidneys can absorb up to 11 million moles but more than that they can't reabsorb so if the blood sugars 14 and the kidneys can only reabsorb 11 then some glucose is going to be present in the urine, so we find a glucose urea again.
