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- Herausgeber: Balungi Francis
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together.
The expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating.
Maybe it was a result of a long-discarded version of Einstein's theory of gravity, one that contained what was called a "cosmological constant." Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. Maybe there is something wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity and a new theory could include some kind of field that creates this cosmic acceleration.
It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest - everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the universe. Come to think of it, maybe it shouldn't be called "normal" matter at all, since it is such a small fraction of the universe.
Balungi Francis explains this major conundrum in modern science, modifies General relativity and gives a solution to the cause of an accelearting expansion of the Universe.
This book provides solutions to the following major questions In Physics:
- What is the cause of the observed accelerating expansion of the universe (the de Sitter phase)? Are the observations rightly interpreted as the accelerating expansion of the universe, or are they evidence that the cosmological principle is false?
- Is the universe homogeneous and isotropic at large enough scales, as claimed by the cosmological principle and assumed by all models that use the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, including the current version of the ΛCDM model, or is the universe inhomogeneous or anisotropic?
- Is the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric the right metric to use for our universe?
- Why does the zero-point energy of the vacuum not cause a large cosmological constant? What cancels it out?
- Is dark energy a pure cosmological constant or are models of quintessence such as phantom energy applicable?
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
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ON SPACE-TIME AS A
DAMPED OSCILLATOR
AND
THE DARK UNIVERSE
(Monographs on Mathematical Physics1)
BALUNGI FRANCIS
Published 2025
Copyright@balungifrancis2025
Bill Stone Services /balungi Francis
An imprint of balungi francis Books at Bill stone services
108/5, Kade Lingi,
New York-1314007
Email:[email protected]
https://bit.ly/billstoneservicesltd
TABLE OF CONTENTS
––––––––
DEDICATION
Abstract
1. Introduction and Summary
2. First Model: Oscillation of a Hubble scale mass particle in a viscous fluid
2.1. Application of first model to cosmology
3. Second Model: Oscillation of a Planck mass-sized particle in a viscous fluid
3.1. Application of second model to cosmology
4. Conclusion
5.References
DEDICATION
To
Sir Roger Penrose and Carlo Rovelli
Abstract
––––––––
We present the structure of space-time as an oscillating Hubble scale mass (HSM) particle in a viscous fluid of Planck mass relics. Due to this particle oscillations and its interaction with a residual Planck mass, spacetime is undergoing a damped harmonic oscillation. This means that spacetime has a physical structure and is therefore foamy on small scales. Applying our damped harmonic oscillator model to cosmology we rediscover the Friedman-Lemaitre equations for an expanding Universe. From the expanding Universe model we predict that cosmic acceleration, driven by an oscillating HSM and its gravitational interaction with a cosmic medium or Planck mass relics, manifests as the universe's expansion accelerating over time, with a corresponding acceleration of roughly . Depending on the model, the "damping" aspect of the oscillator is interpreted as a constant dark gravity force which is also a representation of dark energy, a mysterious force causing the universe's expansion to accelerate. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the Gravitational constant, Planck mass, Hubble acceleration scale , fine structure constant, cold dark matter , dark energy and baryon density and provide evidence for the fact that this ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena for an accelerating expansion of the Universe currently attributed to dark energy. Lastly we present a model for an accelerating expanding universe in the early Universe using an oscillating Planck mass particle in a viscous fluid of a Hubble scale mass as our space-time model.
