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- Herausgeber: Balungi Francis
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
"I had this feeling that space was not empty but here we're - its building blocks" - Space time magazine
What are the Ingredients of space? Is space physical? Is space Empty? -This book presents the building blocks of space.
This thought experimental book is a good introduction to the ingredients of space and has a lot of interesting history about the development of the theory since 1879. It's an informal introduction to a very difficult and doubtfully intelligible theory doubted even by its most ingenious contributors. The reader should expect that he/she will have to concentrate hard on what Balungi says but the rewards are significant. He is a talented physicist and a good writer. If you read it carefully and stop to think about the message as it unfolds then you will get a worthwhile if imperfect picture of what the theory is saying and how it was invented,It's buried treasure and you will have to do some digging. It is a really serious attempt to do all that can be done in an informal style. Balungi explains and re-defines Einstein's theory of general relativity, Dark matter, black holes, Dark energy, elementary particles, the accelerated expansion of the universe, and the building blocks of space-time. This wonderful and exciting book is optimal for physics graduate students and researchers. Not since James Maxwell's celebrated best-seller a dynamical theory of the electromagnetic theory and Albert Einstein:Relativity: The Special and The General Theory A Popular Exposition has physics been so vividly, intelligently and entertainingly revealed. This is a First Edition to Atoms of Space.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
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THE ATOMS OF SPACE
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BALUNGI FRANCIS
Copyright © 2025 by Balungi Francis
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All Right Reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, or by any information storage and retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of very brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
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Elsewhere this book is titled:
A Dynamical Theory of the Gravitational Field in a Connected Maxwell and Feynman Space-time Continuum: On a Unified Field Theory of Space, Time and Matter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION
AUTHOR’S NOTE
QUANTA OF SPACE
Introduction
What is space?
1.1. Why Space and Gravity Difficult
Maxwell’s attempt on electro-gravity
1.1.2. Atoms of space: on quantum black holes and pressure in space
1.1.3. Tension in Space
1.2. Cosmic Expansion in quantum cosmology
1.3. Energy density of dark energy and the cosmological constant
1.4.The relationship between Hubble constant and MOND acceleration
1.5.The relationship between Mond acceleration and the cosmological constant
1.6.The mass of the Universe
1.7. A connection between the cosmological constant, the Hubble constant and the MOND acceleration constant
1.8.Evidence of Dirac large numbers hypothesis
1.9. Calculation of the amount of stress which would be required to account for the actual effects of gravity at the surface of the earth.
1.10. Calculation of the amount of stress which would be required to account for the actual bending of light at the surface of the Sun.
1.11. Derivation of the Fine structure constant
1.12. Emergence of Newton’s Laws
ADDITIONAL READINGS
DEDICATION
To
Sir Roger Penrose and Carlo Rovelli
AUTHOR’S NOTE
The current understanding of space and gravity is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which incorporates his theory of special relativity and deeply modifies the understanding of concepts like time and space. Within general relativity, gravity has two possible interpretations, a field one and a geometric one. According to the latter, that has become the prevalent one, gravity is due to the curvature of the space time tissue, represented as a rubber sheet, due to the presence of a mass. Nevertheless, this is a purely mathematical description telling nothing about the physical mechanism starting the motion. In fact, even supposing the existence, in the neighboring of a source mass, of a curved four dimensional manifold it doesn’t explain why a second particle at rest should move towards the source mass. As such, it invites attempts at derivation from a more fundamental set of underlying assumptions as those given in this book. The aim of this book is not to unify gravity with quantum mechanics. The aim of this book is to explain the cause of gravity based on the ingredients of space. In this work, we unify Maxwell's electromagnetic theory with quantum mechanics at Planck scale into a single unified field theory of time, space and matter. The unification produces a unified metric of space time and matter in which both large bodies and subatomic particles play and interact. The proposed unified equation recovers the Einstein Field Equations, solves dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmological constant problems and also confirms the observed cosmological parameters by Planck collaborations in the Lambda Cold Dark Matter as this book directs.
Balungi Francis 2025
1
QUANTA OF SPACE
Introduction
We grow and age through space time. We die and rot through this vacuum. Surprisingly we can’t feel, touch or smell this space. This thing called space seems to be empty, a vacuum of nothingness yet it is home to stars, galaxies and planets in large amounts. How can something unphysical support such large creatures of beings that no one can hold with his little finger. Is space physical? What are its ingredients? Is there a theoretical understanding of the building blocks of space? Is space a fabric?
A kilogram of rice seen from afar seems smooth and unwrinkled, like rubber sheets spread across the desert. But a closer inspection reveals much more. As you approach the fabric, you may notice grains of rice close to each other. Touch the surface and you would find individual grains. The same is true for digital images: zoom far enough into an apparently perfect portrait and you will discover the distinct pixels that make the picture.
The universe itself may be granular. The space we live in may not be perfectly smooth but rather made of incredibly small discrete units call them the atoms of space. A space-time grain is so small that if you were to enlarge things so that it becomes the size of a grain of rice, then atoms would be as large as galaxies.
These granular atoms of space are predictions of quantum gravity a theory that seeks to unit gravity –the general relativity theory with quantum mechanics. Scientists around the world are on the hunt for these atoms, one of the deepest physics mysteries of our time.
